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更新了Linux文档
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‎Day31-35/玩转Linux操作系统.md

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@@ -752,40 +752,133 @@ Linux系统的命令通常都是如下所示的格式：
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### 软件安装和配置
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#### yum
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#### 使用包管理工具
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1. yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified。
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- `yum search`：搜索软件包，例如`yum search nginx`。
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- `yum list installed`：列出已经安装的软件包，例如`yum list installed | grep zlib`。
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- `yum install`：安装软件包，例如`yum install nginx`。
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- `yum remove`：删除软件包，例如`yum remove nginx`。
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- `yum update`：更新软件包，例如`yum update`可以更新所有软件包，而`yum update tar只会更新tar。
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- `yum check-update`：检查有哪些可以更新的软件包。
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- `yum info`：显示软件包的相关信息，例如`yum info nginx`。
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2. rpm - Redhat Package Manager。
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- 安装软件包：`rpm -ivh <packagename>.rpm`。
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- 移除软件包：`rpm -e <packagename>`。
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- 查询软件包：`rpm -qa`，例如可以用`rpm -qa | grep mysql`来检查是否安装了MySQL相关的软件包。
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下面以Nginx为例，演示如何使用yum安装软件。
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- yum update
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- yum install
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- yum remove
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- yum list
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- yum search
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```Shell
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#### rpm
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# yum -y install nginx
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...
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Installed:
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nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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Dependency Installed:
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nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
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Complete!
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# nginx -v
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nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
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```
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- rpm -ivh \-\-force \-\-nodeps
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- rpm -e
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- rpm -qa | grep
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#### 下载解压配置环境变量
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#### 二进制安装程序（JDK）
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下面以安装MongoDB为例，演示这类软件应该如何安装。
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- \<filename\>.bin
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```Shell
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#### 配置环境变量（MongoDB）
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
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--2018-06-21 18:32:53-- https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
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Resolving fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)... 52.85.83.16, 52.85.83.228, 52.85.83.186, ...
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Connecting to fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)|52.85.83.16|:443... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
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Length: 100564462 (96M) [application/x-gzip]
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Saving to: ‘mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz’
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100%[==================================================>] 100,564,462 630KB/s in 2m 9s
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2018-06-21 18:35:04 (760 KB/s) - ‘mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz’ saved [100564462/100564462]
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# gunzip mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tar
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/README
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/MPL-2
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/GNU-AGPL-3.0
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongodump
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongorestore
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoexport
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoimport
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongostat
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongotop
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/bsondump
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongofiles
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoreplay
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoperf
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongod
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongos
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongo
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mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/install_compass
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# vim .bash_profile
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...
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PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$HOME/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin
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export PATH
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...
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# source .bash_profile
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# mongod --version
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db version v3.6.5
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git version: a20ecd3e3a174162052ff99913bc2ca9a839d618
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OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
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allocator: tcmalloc
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modules: none
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build environment:
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distmod: rhel70
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distarch: x86_64
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target_arch: x86_64
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```
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- 下载软件
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- 解压缩 / 解归档
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- 配置环境变量 / 注册软链接
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> 说明：当然也可以通过yum来安装MongoDB，具体可以参照[官方网站](https://docs.mongodb.com/master/administration/install-on-linux/)上给出的说明。
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#### 源代码构建安装（Python 3.6.5 / Redis）
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#### 源代码构建安装
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- Makefile
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- make && make install
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1. 安装Python 3.6。
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#### 实例
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```Shell
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# yum install gcc
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# gunzip Python-3.6.5.tgz
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ar -xvf Python-3.6.5.tar
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# cd Python-3.6.5
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python36 --enable-optimizations
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# make && make install
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python36/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python36/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python36/bin/2to3-3.6 /usr/bin/2to3
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# python3 --version
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Python 3.6.5
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# python3 -m pip install -U pip
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```
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2. 安装Redis-3.2.12。
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1. 安装MySQL。
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2. 安装Redis。
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3. 安装NginX。
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```Shell
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.12.tar.gz
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# gunzip redis-3.2.12.tar.gz
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# tar -xvf redis-3.2.12.tar
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# cd redis-3.2.12
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# make && make install
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# redis-server --version
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Redis server v=3.2.12 sha=00000000:0 malloc=jemalloc-4.0.3 bits=64 build=5bc5cd3c03d6ceb6
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[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# redis-cli --version
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redis-cli 3.2.12
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```
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### 进程和性能
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