diff --git a/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs b/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs
index ce01175309a77..72bdf03ee61a4 100644
--- a/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs
@@ -582,15 +582,25 @@ impl OsString {
     #[unstable(feature = "os_string_truncate", issue = "133262")]
     pub fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize) {
         self.as_os_str().inner.check_public_boundary(len);
-        self.inner.truncate(len);
+        // SAFETY: The length was just checked to be at a valid boundary.
+        unsafe { self.inner.truncate_unchecked(len) };
     }
 
-    /// Provides plumbing to core `Vec::extend_from_slice`.
-    /// More well behaving alternative to allowing outer types
-    /// full mutable access to the core `Vec`.
+    /// Provides plumbing to `Vec::extend_from_slice` without giving full
+    /// mutable access to the `Vec`.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The slice must be valid for the platform encoding (as described in
+    /// [`OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked`]).
+    ///
+    /// This bypasses the encoding-dependent surrogate joining, so `self` must
+    /// not end with a leading surrogate half and `other` must not start with
+    /// with a trailing surrogate half.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, other: &[u8]) {
-        self.inner.extend_from_slice(other);
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn extend_from_slice_unchecked(&mut self, other: &[u8]) {
+        // SAFETY: Guaranteed by caller.
+        unsafe { self.inner.extend_from_slice_unchecked(other) };
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/path.rs b/library/std/src/path.rs
index 50f403ba411b6..32a86e9f7b405 100644
--- a/library/std/src/path.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/path.rs
@@ -1526,11 +1526,13 @@ impl PathBuf {
         self.inner.truncate(end_file_stem.wrapping_sub(start));
 
         // add the new extension, if any
-        let new = extension;
+        let new = extension.as_encoded_bytes();
         if !new.is_empty() {
             self.inner.reserve_exact(new.len() + 1);
-            self.inner.push(OsStr::new("."));
-            self.inner.push(new);
+            self.inner.push(".");
+            // SAFETY: Since a UTF-8 string was just pushed, it is not possible
+            // for the buffer to end with a surrogate half.
+            unsafe { self.inner.extend_from_slice_unchecked(new) };
         }
 
         true
@@ -1587,7 +1589,7 @@ impl PathBuf {
             Some(f) => f.as_encoded_bytes(),
         };
 
-        let new = extension;
+        let new = extension.as_encoded_bytes();
         if !new.is_empty() {
             // truncate until right after the file name
             // this is necessary for trimming the trailing slash
@@ -1597,8 +1599,10 @@ impl PathBuf {
 
             // append the new extension
             self.inner.reserve_exact(new.len() + 1);
-            self.inner.push(OsStr::new("."));
-            self.inner.push(new);
+            self.inner.push(".");
+            // SAFETY: Since a UTF-8 string was just pushed, it is not possible
+            // for the buffer to end with a surrogate half.
+            unsafe { self.inner.extend_from_slice_unchecked(new) };
         }
 
         true
@@ -2759,7 +2763,8 @@ impl Path {
         };
 
         let mut new_path = PathBuf::with_capacity(new_capacity);
-        new_path.inner.extend_from_slice(slice_to_copy);
+        // SAFETY: The path is empty, so cannot have surrogate halves.
+        unsafe { new_path.inner.extend_from_slice_unchecked(slice_to_copy) };
         new_path.set_extension(extension);
         new_path
     }
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs
index dfff2d3e5d31d..4a8808c923045 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs
@@ -216,19 +216,26 @@ impl Buf {
         self.as_slice().into_rc()
     }
 
-    /// Provides plumbing to core `Vec::truncate`.
-    /// More well behaving alternative to allowing outer types
-    /// full mutable access to the core `Vec`.
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize) {
+    /// Provides plumbing to `Vec::truncate` without giving full mutable access
+    /// to the `Vec`.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The length must be at an `OsStr` boundary, according to
+    /// `Slice::check_public_boundary`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub unsafe fn truncate_unchecked(&mut self, len: usize) {
         self.inner.truncate(len);
     }
 
-    /// Provides plumbing to core `Vec::extend_from_slice`.
-    /// More well behaving alternative to allowing outer types
-    /// full mutable access to the core `Vec`.
+    /// Provides plumbing to `Vec::extend_from_slice` without giving full
+    /// mutable access to the `Vec`.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// This encoding has no safety requirements.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, other: &[u8]) {
+    pub unsafe fn extend_from_slice_unchecked(&mut self, other: &[u8]) {
         self.inner.extend_from_slice(other);
     }
 }
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs
index a32f5d40f6a9c..5174ea65d0cd9 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs
@@ -195,19 +195,31 @@ impl Buf {
         self.as_slice().into_rc()
     }
 
-    /// Provides plumbing to core `Vec::truncate`.
-    /// More well behaving alternative to allowing outer types
-    /// full mutable access to the core `Vec`.
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize) {
+    /// Provides plumbing to `Vec::truncate` without giving full mutable access
+    /// to the `Vec`.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The length must be at an `OsStr` boundary, according to
+    /// `Slice::check_public_boundary`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub unsafe fn truncate_unchecked(&mut self, len: usize) {
         self.inner.truncate(len);
     }
 
-    /// Provides plumbing to core `Vec::extend_from_slice`.
-    /// More well behaving alternative to allowing outer types
-    /// full mutable access to the core `Vec`.
+    /// Provides plumbing to `Vec::extend_from_slice` without giving full
+    /// mutable access to the `Vec`.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The slice must be valid for the platform encoding (as described in
+    /// [`Slice::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked`]).
+    ///
+    /// This bypasses the WTF-8 surrogate joining, so `self` must not end with a
+    /// leading surrogate half and `other` must not start with with a trailing
+    /// surrogate half.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, other: &[u8]) {
+    pub unsafe fn extend_from_slice_unchecked(&mut self, other: &[u8]) {
         self.inner.extend_from_slice(other);
     }
 }