The definition and future of noncommercial
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The document discusses options for revising the noncommercial (NC) licenses in Creative Commons' version 4.0 release. It notes that NC licenses have issues like a lack of clear definition, underuse of non-NC licenses, and built-in non-interoperability. Some proposed options are: (1) phasing out NC licenses over time, (2) simplifying the suite by dropping two NC licenses, (3) rebranding NC licenses under a different domain, or (4) clarifying the NC definition. The document analyzes pros and cons of different approaches but does not make a recommendation.
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The definition and future of noncommercial
- 1. The definition and future of noncommercial Mike Linksvayer Creative Commons 2011-09-17
- 3. We did a study of NC back in 2009, found licensors say they are somewhat liberal in expectations of what licensees will do, licensees say they are somewhat conservative in interpreting what they have permission to do; these help explain lack of disputes, form good practices for using (or not) NC
- 4. Long term (slow) trend toward lower NC proportion of total license use; maybe NC does work as gateway to more substantial openness
- 5. Conservative users such as traditional publishers and collecting societies continue to experiment with NC
- 6. All this indicates NC working, easy conclusion for 4.0: (0) don’t change anything about NC
- 9. However, 4.0 is a once-in-a-decade-or-more (we hope) opportunity; such an important part of the license suite must receive more scrutiny, range of options explored
- 10. Small disputes and misunderstandings about NC are all over, just rarely valuable enough to go to court?
- 11. Lack of well understood definition harmful to reputation of CC? How many times have I heard “nobody knows what it means‽” Many.
- 12. Flexible definition barrier to conservative use, want to not use or define restrictively
- 13. Still CC NC sounds appealing, probably overused by those without existing revenue stream to protect
- 14. Many arguments against using NC well known, not reviewed here; see http://freedomdefined.org/Licenses/NC
- 15. NC problematic from commons license steward perspective: Built-in non-interoperability among licenses in CC suite Under-use of non-NC licenses, which realize far more value (projects rely on free licenses to exist; making available online doesn’t require a public license)
- 16. For (the commons) © would be far less problematic if noncommercial (any definition) sharing not restricted; push that norm
- 17. For (against commerce) Exclude commerce from society; prevent exploitation
- 18. For (commerce) Promise to not persecute fans, but protect some traditional proprietary licensing revenues
- 19. For (choice) CC doesn’t know what freedom means in various communities, which need to discover such for themselves; artists might think noncommercial is correct for them
- 20. re communities Free software didn’t immediately arrive at any use, any user – confusion about price and freedom, Linux first released under NC terms OA, OER, PSI, others converging on similar (excluding NC) definitions Possible any use, any user a sweet spot for intellectual commons, for all communities
- 21. Provocative alternatives to status quo for 4.0
- 22. (1) Don’t version NC licenses, eventually hide option from chooser, formally retire
- 23. (2) Drop BY-NC-SA and BY-NC-ND to simplify suite
- 24. (3) Support NC licenses, but rebrand as something other than CC; move to non-creativecommons.org domain would be strongest
- 26. (4) Clarify definition of NC (e.g., match conservative user wish; pointed out earlier more thorough definition in license could be useful for global license)
- 27. (1) Don’t version NC licenses, eventually hide option from chooser, formally retire (2) Drop BY-NC-SA and BY-NC-ND to simplify suite (1) has been much requested, discussed, but never terribly actionable; should it become something discussed in serious company?
- 28. (3) Support NC licenses, but rebrand as something other than CC; move to non-creativecommons.org domain would be strongest (4) Clarify definition of NC (e.g., match conservative user wish; pointed out earlier more thorough definition in license could be useful for global license) (3) and (4) increase the range of suite (covering more restrictive ground), differentiation within suite (branding and legal), and clarity
- 29. Pros & cons Non-exhaustive Most have flipside
- 30. Commons Pro: address (and/or further leverage) incompatibility Con: dilute inclusiveness of brand
- 31. Licensors and licensees Pro: increase certainty Con: cost for/resistance from existing NC users
- 32. 4.0 is a once-in-a-decade-or-more (we hope) opportunity; such an important part of the license suite must receive more scrutiny, range of options explored discuss