Understanding GitHub Actions

Overview

GitHub Actions는 빌드, 테스트 및 배포 파이프라인을 자동화할 수 있는 CI/CD(연속 통합 및 지속적인 업데이트) 플랫폼입니다. You can create workflows that build and test every pull request to your repository, or deploy merged pull requests to production.

GitHub Actions goes beyond just DevOps and lets you run workflows when other events happen in your repository. For example, you can run a workflow to automatically add the appropriate labels whenever someone creates a new issue in your repository.

You must host your own Linux, Windows, or macOS virtual machines to run workflows for GitHub Enterprise Server 인스턴스.

For more information about introducing GitHub Actions to your enterprise, see 엔터프라이즈에 GitHub Actions 도입.

The components of GitHub Actions

You can configure a GitHub Actions workflow to be triggered when an event occurs in your repository, such as a pull request being opened or an issue being created. Your workflow contains one or more jobs which can run in sequential order or in parallel. Each job will run inside its own virtual machine runner, or inside a container, and has one or more steps that either run a script that you define or run an action, which is a reusable extension that can simplify your workflow.

Workflows

워크플로는 하나 이상의 작업을 실행할 구성 가능한 자동화된 프로세스입니다. 워크플로는 리포지토리에 체크 인된 YAML 파일에서 정의되며, 리포지토리의 이벤트로 트리거될 때 실행되거나 수동으로 또는 정의된 일정에 따라 트리거될 수 있습니다.

워크플로는 리포지토리의 .github/workflows 디렉터리에 정의됩니다. 리포지토리에 다음과 같은 각각의 다른 작업 집합을 수행하는 여러 워크플로가 있을 수 있습니다.

• 끌어오기 요청을 빌드하고 테스트합니다.
• 릴리스가 생성될 때마다 애플리케이션을 배포합니다.
• 새 문제가 보고될 때마다 레이블을 추가합니다.

You can reference a workflow within another workflow. For more information, see Reusing workflows.

For more information, see Writing workflows.

Events

An event is a specific activity in a repository that triggers a workflow run. For example, an activity can originate from GitHub when someone creates a pull request, opens an issue, or pushes a commit to a repository. You can also trigger a workflow to run on a schedule, by posting to a REST API, or manually.

For a complete list of events that can be used to trigger workflows, see Events that trigger workflows.

Jobs

A job is a set of steps in a workflow that is executed on the same runner. Each step is either a shell script that will be executed, or an action that will be run. Steps are executed in order and are dependent on each other. Since each step is executed on the same runner, you can share data from one step to another. For example, you can have a step that builds your application followed by a step that tests the application that was built.

You can configure a job's dependencies with other jobs; by default, jobs have no dependencies and run in parallel. When a job takes a dependency on another job, it waits for the dependent job to complete before running.

For example, you might configure multiple build jobs for different architectures without any job dependencies and a packaging job that depends on those builds. The build jobs run in parallel, and once they complete successfully, the packaging job runs.

For more information, see Choosing what your workflow does.

Actions

An action is a custom application for the GitHub Actions platform that performs a complex but frequently repeated task. Use an action to help reduce the amount of repetitive code that you write in your workflow files. An action can pull your Git repository from GitHub, set up the correct toolchain for your build environment, or set up the authentication to your cloud provider.

You can write your own actions, or you can find actions to use in your workflows in the GitHub Marketplace.

작업을 공개적으로 게시하지 않고 엔터프라이즈에서 작업을 공유하려면 내부 리포지토리에 작업을 저장한 다음, 엔터프라이즈 내 동일한 조직 또는 모든 조직이 소유한 다른 리포지토리의 GitHub Actions 워크플로에 액세스할 수 있도록 리포지토리를 구성하면 됩니다. 자세한 내용은 Sharing actions and workflows with your enterprise을(를) 참조하세요.

For more information on actions, see Sharing automations.

Runners

A runner is a server that runs your workflows when they're triggered. Each runner can run a single job at a time. You must host your own runners for GitHub Enterprise Server.

For more information, see Hosting your own runners.

Next steps

GitHub Actions은(는) 애플리케이션 개발 프로세스의 거의 모든 측면을 자동화하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 시작할 준비가 되셨나요? GitHub Actions을(를) 사용하여 다음 단계를 수행하는 데 유용한 리소스는 다음과 같습니다.

• GitHub Actions 워크플로를 만드는 방법은 Using workflow templates을(를) 참조하세요.
• CI(연속 통합) 워크플로는 Building and testing을(를) 참조하세요.
• 패키지를 빌드하고 게시하려면 Publishing packages을(를) 참조하세요.
• 프로젝트를 배포하려면 Use cases and examples을(를) 참조하세요.
• GitHub에서 작업 및 프로세스를 자동화하려면 Managing projects을(를) 참조하세요.
• GitHub Actions의 더 복잡한 기능을 보여 주는 예제는 Use cases and examples을(를) 참조하세요. 이러한 예제를 통해 실행기에서 코드를 테스트하고, GitHub CLI에 액세스하고, 동시성 및 테스트 매트릭스와 같은 고급 기능을 사용하는 방법을 볼 수 있습니다.

Further reading

• 엔터프라이즈용 GitHub Actions 정보