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更新了部分文档
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‎Day41-55/42.深入模型.md‎

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@@ -268,29 +268,6 @@ Teacher.objects.filter(subject__name__contains='全栈')
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> **说明3**：如果希望更新多条数据，不用先逐一获取模型对象再修改对象属性，可以直接使用QuerySet对象的`update()`方法一次性更新多条数据。
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1. Django框架本身有自带的数据模型，我们稍后会用到这些模型，为此我们先做一次迁移操作。所谓迁移，就是根据模型自动生成关系数据库中的二维表，命令如下所示：
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```Shell
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(venv)$ python manage.py migrate
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Operations to perform:
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Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
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Running migrations:
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Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
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Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
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Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
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Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
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Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
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Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
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Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
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Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
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Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
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Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
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Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
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Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
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Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
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Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
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```
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### 利用Django后台管理模型
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3. 运行项目，在浏览器中访问`http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin`，输入刚才创建的超级用户账号和密码进行登录。
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![](./res/django-admin-login.png)
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![](/Users/Hao/Desktop/Python-100-Days/Day41-55/res/django-admin-login.png)
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登录后进入管理员操作平台。
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![](./res/django-admin-apps.png)
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![](res/django-admin-apps.png)
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注意，我们暂时还没能在`admin`应用中看到之前创建的模型类，为此需要在`polls`应用的`admin.py`文件中对需要管理的模型进行注册。
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```Python
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from django.contrib import admin
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```
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from polls.models import Subject, Teacher
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from polls.models import Subject, Teacher
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admin.site.register(Subject)
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admin.site.register(Teacher)
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- 添加学科。
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![](./res/django-admin-create.png)
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![](res/django-admin-add-model.png)
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- 查看所有学科。
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![](./res/django-admin-read.png)
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![](res/django-admin-view-models.png)
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- 删除和更新学科。
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![](./res/django-admin-delete-update.png)
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![](res/django-admin-delete-update-model.png)
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6. 注册模型管理类。
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可能大家已经注意到了，刚才在后台查看部门信息的时候，显示的部门信息并不直观，为此我们再修改`admin.py`文件，通过注册模型管理类，可以在后台管理系统中更好的管理模型。
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```Python
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from django.contrib import admin
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from polls.models import Subject, Teacher
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```
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![](./res/django-admin-models-detail.png)
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为了更好的查看模型数据，可以为`Subject`和`Teacher`两个模型类添加`__str__`魔法方法。修改代码后的效果如下图所示。
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![](./res/django-amdin-models-detail-modified.png)
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class SubjectModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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list_display = ('no', 'name', 'intro', 'is_hot')
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search_fields = ('name', )
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ordering = ('no', )
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class TeacherModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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list_display = ('no', 'name', 'sex', 'birth', 'good_count', 'bad_count', 'subject')
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search_fields = ('name', )
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ordering = ('no', )
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admin.site.register(Subject, SubjectModelAdmin)
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admin.site.register(Teacher, TeacherModelAdmin)
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```
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![](res/django-admin-view-models-subject.png)
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![](res/django-admin-view-models-teacher.png)
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为了更好的查看模型，我们为`Subject`类添加`__str__`魔法方法，并在该方法中返回学科名字。这样在如上图所示的查看老师的页面上显示老师所属学科时，就不再是`Subject object(1)`这样晦涩的信息，而是学科的名称。
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### 实现学科页和老师页效果
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1. 修改`polls/views.py`文件，编写视图函数实现对学科页和老师页的渲染。
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```Python
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from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
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from polls.models import Subject, Teacher
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def show_subjects(request):
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subjects = Subject.objects.all().order_by('no')
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return render(request, 'subjects.html', {'subjects': subjects})
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def show_teachers(request):
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try:
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sno = int(request.GET.get('sno'))
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teachers = []
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if sno:
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subject = Subject.objects.only('name').get(no=sno)
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teachers = Teacher.objects.filter(subject=subject).order_by('no')
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return render(request, 'teachers.html', {
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'subject': subject,
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'teachers': teachers
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})
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except (ValueError, Subject.DoesNotExist):
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return redirect('/')
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```
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2. 修改`templates/subjects.html`和`templates/teachers.html`模板页。
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`subjects.html`
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```HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>学科信息</title>
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<style>
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#container {
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width: 80%;
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margin: 10px auto;
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}
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.user {
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float: right;
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margin-right: 10px;
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}
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.user>a {
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margin-right: 10px;
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}
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#main>dl>dt {
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font-size: 1.5em;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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#main>dl>dd {
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font-size: 1.2em;
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}
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a {
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text-decoration: none;
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color: darkcyan;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="container">
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<div class="user">
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<a href="login.html">用户登录</a>
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<a href="register.html">快速注册</a>
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</div>
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<h1>扣丁学堂所有学科</h1>
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<hr>
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<div id="main">
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{% for subject in subjects %}
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<a href="/teachers/?sno={{ subject.no }}">{{ subject.name }}</a>
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{% if subject.is_hot %}
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<img src="/static/images/hot-icon-small.png">
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{% endif %}
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</dt>
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<dd>{{ subject.intro }}</dd>
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</dl>
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{% endfor %}
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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`teachers.html`
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```HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>老师信息</title>
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<style>
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#container {
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width: 80%;
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margin: 10px auto;
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}
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.teacher {
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width: 100%;
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margin: 0 auto;
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padding: 10px 0;
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border-bottom: 1px dashed gray;
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overflow: auto;
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}
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.teacher>div {
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float: left;
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}
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.photo {
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height: 140px;
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border-radius: 75px;
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overflow: hidden;
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margin-left: 20px;
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}
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.info {
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width: 75%;
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margin-left: 30px;
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}
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.info div {
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clear: both;
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margin: 5px 10px;
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}
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.info span {
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margin-right: 25px;
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}
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.info a {
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text-decoration: none;
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color: darkcyan;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="container">
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<h1>{{ subject.name }}学科的老师信息</h1>
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<hr>
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{% if not teachers %}
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<h2>暂无该学科老师信息</h2>
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{% endif %}
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{% for teacher in teachers %}
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<div class="teacher">
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/static/images/{{ teacher.photo }}" height="140" alt="">
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</div>
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<div class="info">
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<div>
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<span><strong>姓名：{{ teacher.name }}</strong></span>
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<span>性别：{{ teacher.sex | yesno:'男,女' }}</span>
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<span>出生日期：{{ teacher.birth }}</span>
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</div>
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<div class="intro">{{ teacher.intro }}</div>
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<div class="comment">
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<a href="">好评</a>&nbsp;(<strong>{{ teacher.good_count }}</strong>)
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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<a href="">差评</a>&nbsp;<strong>{{ teacher.bad_count }}</strong>)
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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{% endfor %}
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<a href="/">返回首页</a>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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3. 修改`vote/urls.py`文件，实现映射URL。
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```Python
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from django.contrib import admin
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from django.urls import path
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from polls.views import show_subjects, show_teachers
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urlpatterns = [
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path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
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path('', show_subjects),
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path('teachers/', show_teachers),
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]
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```
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到此为止，页面上需要的图片（静态资源）还没有能够正常展示，我们在下一章节中为大家介绍如何处理模板页上的需要的静态资源。
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### 补充内容
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