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code: replaceSpace
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# 替换空格
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## 题目描述
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请实现一个函数,将一个字符串中的每个空格替换成“%20”。例如,当字符串为We Are Happy.则经过替换之后的字符串为We%20Are%20Happy。
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## 调用自带的函数
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```
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public class Solution {
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public String replaceSpace(StringBuffer str) {
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return str.toString().replace(" ","%20");
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}
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}
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```
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## 用新的字符串来存储
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```
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public class Solution {
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public String replaceSpace(StringBuffer str) {
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StringBuffer newStr = new StringBuffer();
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for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
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char c=str.charAt(i);
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if(' ' == c){
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newStr.append("%20");
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}else{
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newStr.append(c);
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}
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}
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return newStr.toString();
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}
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}
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```
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## 在当前字符串上进行替换
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- 先计算替换后的字符串需要多大的空间,并对原字符串空间进行扩容;
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- 从后往前替换字符串的话,每个字符串只需要移动一次;
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- 如果从前往后,每个字符串需要多次移动,效率较低。
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```
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public class Solution {
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public String replaceSpace(StringBuffer str) {
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int spaceNum=0;
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for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
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if(str.charAt(i)==' '){
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spaceNum++;
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}
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}
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int oldStrLength=str.length();
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int newStrLenth=oldStrLength+2*spaceNum;
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str.setLength(newStrLenth);
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int oldStrIndex=oldStrLength-1;
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int newStrIndex=newStrLenth-1;
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for(; oldStrIndex >= 0 && oldStrIndex<newStrIndex; oldStrIndex--){
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char c=str.charAt(oldStrIndex);
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if(c==' '){
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str.setCharAt(newStrIndex--,'0');
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str.setCharAt(newStrIndex--,'2');
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str.setCharAt(newStrIndex--,'%');
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}else{
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str.setCharAt(newStrIndex--,c);
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}
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}
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return str.toString();
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}
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}
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```

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