I have encountered this issue multiple times before. When mounting an APFS partition in read-write mode, it sometimes suddenly becomes read-only unexpectedly while copying a bunch of files into it. Checking with the 'mount' command, I find that the partition has been remounted in read-only mode. I am using the latest development branch, with Debian 12 as the operating system and kernel version 6.12. The APFS partition is a simple data sub-volume created within the Hackintosh system partition, no complex features such as compression or encryption enabled.