postgres_fdw: SCRAM authentication pass-through

postgres_fdw: SCRAM authentication pass-through

This enables SCRAM authentication for postgres_fdw when connecting to
a foreign server without having to store a plain-text password on user
mapping options.

This is done by saving the SCRAM ClientKey and ServeryKey from the
client authentication and using those instead of the plain-text
password for the server-side SCRAM exchange.  The new foreign-server
or user-mapping option "use_scram_passthrough" enables this.

Co-authored-by: Matheus Alcantara <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/27b29a35-9b96-46a9-bc1a-914140869dac@gmail.com