Conditional type simplifications & Globally cached conditional type instances (#29437)

* Introduce simpliciations for extract/exclude-like conditional types and fix restrictive instantiations

* Add test for the common simplifications

* unify true branch constraint generation logic and true branch simplification

* Use identical check on instantiated types

* Add late-instantiate conditionals to test

* Globally cache conditional type instantiations ala indexed access types

* Handle `any` simplifications

* Factor empty intersection check into function

* Modifify conditional type constraints to better handle single-branch `any` and restrictive type parameters

* Add test case motivating prior commit

* Fix lint

* Factor logic into worker vs cacheing function

* Remove now unneeded casts

Author: weswigham

src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -387,6 +387,7 @@ namespace ts {
         const intersectionTypes = createMap<IntersectionType>();
         const literalTypes = createMap<LiteralType>();
         const indexedAccessTypes = createMap<IndexedAccessType>();
+        const conditionalTypes = createMap<Type>();
         const evolvingArrayTypes: EvolvingArrayType[] = [];
         const undefinedProperties = createMap<Symbol>() as UnderscoreEscapedMap<Symbol>;
 
@@ -7461,15 +7462,25 @@ namespace ts {
             return baseConstraint && baseConstraint !== type ? baseConstraint : undefined;
         }
 
+        function getDefaultConstraintOfTrueBranchOfConditionalType(root: ConditionalRoot, combinedMapper: TypeMapper | undefined, mapper: TypeMapper | undefined) {
+            const rootTrueType = root.trueType;
+            const rootTrueConstraint = !(rootTrueType.flags & TypeFlags.Substitution)
+                ? rootTrueType
+                : instantiateType(((<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).substitute), combinedMapper || mapper).flags & TypeFlags.AnyOrUnknown
+                    ? (<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).typeVariable
+                    : getIntersectionType([(<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).substitute, (<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).typeVariable]);
+            return instantiateType(rootTrueConstraint, combinedMapper || mapper);
+        }
+
         function getDefaultConstraintOfConditionalType(type: ConditionalType) {
             if (!type.resolvedDefaultConstraint) {
-                const rootTrueType = type.root.trueType;
-                const rootTrueConstraint = !(rootTrueType.flags & TypeFlags.Substitution)
-                    ? rootTrueType
-                    : ((<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).substitute).flags & TypeFlags.AnyOrUnknown
-                        ? (<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).typeVariable
-                        : getIntersectionType([(<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).substitute, (<SubstitutionType>rootTrueType).typeVariable]);
-                type.resolvedDefaultConstraint = getUnionType([instantiateType(rootTrueConstraint, type.combinedMapper || type.mapper), getFalseTypeFromConditionalType(type)]);
+                // An `any` branch of a conditional type would normally be viral - specifically, without special handling here,
+                // a conditional type with a single branch of type `any` would be assignable to anything, since it's constraint would simplify to
+                // just `any`. This result is _usually_ unwanted - so instead here we elide an `any` branch from the constraint type,
+                // in effect treating `any` like `never` rather than `unknown` in this location.
+                const trueConstraint = getDefaultConstraintOfTrueBranchOfConditionalType(type.root, type.combinedMapper, type.mapper);
+                const falseConstraint = getFalseTypeFromConditionalType(type);
+                type.resolvedDefaultConstraint = isTypeAny(trueConstraint) ? falseConstraint : isTypeAny(falseConstraint) ? trueConstraint : getUnionType([trueConstraint, falseConstraint]);
             }
             return type.resolvedDefaultConstraint;
         }
@@ -7480,7 +7491,13 @@ namespace ts {
             // with its constraint. We do this because if the constraint is a union type it will be distributed
             // over the conditional type and possibly reduced. For example, 'T extends undefined ? never : T'
             // removes 'undefined' from T.
-            if (type.root.isDistributive) {
+            // We skip returning a distributive constraint for a restrictive instantiation of a conditional type
+            // as the constraint for all type params (check type included) have been replace with `unknown`, which
+            // is going to produce even more false positive/negative results than the distribute constraint already does.
+            // Please note: the distributive constraint is a kludge for emulating what a negated type could to do filter
+            // a union - once negated types exist and are applied to the conditional false branch, this "constraint"
+            // likely doesn't need to exist.
+            if (type.root.isDistributive && type.restrictiveInstantiation !== type) {
                 const simplified = getSimplifiedType(type.checkType);
                 const constraint = simplified === type.checkType ? getConstraintOfType(simplified) : simplified;
                 if (constraint && constraint !== type.checkType) {
@@ -10089,12 +10106,50 @@ namespace ts {
             return type.flags & TypeFlags.Substitution ? (<SubstitutionType>type).typeVariable : type;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Invokes union simplification logic to determine if an intersection is considered empty as a union constituent
+         */
+        function isIntersectionEmpty(type1: Type, type2: Type) {
+            return !!(getUnionType([intersectTypes(type1, type2), neverType]).flags & TypeFlags.Never);
+        }
+
         function getConditionalType(root: ConditionalRoot, mapper: TypeMapper | undefined): Type {
             const checkType = instantiateType(root.checkType, mapper);
             const extendsType = instantiateType(root.extendsType, mapper);
             if (checkType === wildcardType || extendsType === wildcardType) {
                 return wildcardType;
             }
+            const trueType = instantiateType(root.trueType, mapper);
+            const falseType = instantiateType(root.falseType, mapper);
+            const instantiationId = `${root.isDistributive ? "d" : ""}${getTypeId(checkType)}>${getTypeId(extendsType)}?${getTypeId(trueType)}:${getTypeId(falseType)}`;
+            const result = conditionalTypes.get(instantiationId);
+            if (result) {
+                return result;
+            }
+            const newResult = getConditionalTypeWorker(root, mapper, checkType, extendsType, trueType, falseType);
+            conditionalTypes.set(instantiationId, newResult);
+            return newResult;
+        }
+
+        function getConditionalTypeWorker(root: ConditionalRoot, mapper: TypeMapper | undefined, checkType: Type, extendsType: Type, trueType: Type, falseType: Type) {
+            // Simplifications for types of the form `T extends U ? T : never` and `T extends U ? never : T`.
+            if (falseType.flags & TypeFlags.Never && isTypeIdenticalTo(getActualTypeVariable(trueType), getActualTypeVariable(checkType))) {
+                if (checkType.flags & TypeFlags.Any || isTypeAssignableTo(getRestrictiveInstantiation(checkType), getRestrictiveInstantiation(extendsType))) { // Always true
+                    return getDefaultConstraintOfTrueBranchOfConditionalType(root, /*combinedMapper*/ undefined, mapper);
+                }
+                else if (isIntersectionEmpty(checkType, extendsType)) { // Always false
+                    return neverType;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (trueType.flags & TypeFlags.Never && isTypeIdenticalTo(getActualTypeVariable(falseType), getActualTypeVariable(checkType))) {
+                if (!(checkType.flags & TypeFlags.Any) && isTypeAssignableTo(getRestrictiveInstantiation(checkType), getRestrictiveInstantiation(extendsType))) { // Always true
+                    return neverType;
+                }
+                else if (checkType.flags & TypeFlags.Any || isIntersectionEmpty(checkType, extendsType)) { // Always false
+                    return falseType; // TODO: Intersect negated `extends` type here
+                }
+            }
+
             const checkTypeInstantiable = maybeTypeOfKind(checkType, TypeFlags.Instantiable | TypeFlags.GenericMappedType);
             let combinedMapper: TypeMapper | undefined;
             if (root.inferTypeParameters) {
@@ -10112,18 +10167,18 @@ namespace ts {
             // We attempt to resolve the conditional type only when the check and extends types are non-generic
             if (!checkTypeInstantiable && !maybeTypeOfKind(inferredExtendsType, TypeFlags.Instantiable | TypeFlags.GenericMappedType)) {
                 if (inferredExtendsType.flags & TypeFlags.AnyOrUnknown) {
-                    return instantiateType(root.trueType, mapper);
+                    return trueType;
                 }
                 // Return union of trueType and falseType for 'any' since it matches anything
                 if (checkType.flags & TypeFlags.Any) {
-                    return getUnionType([instantiateType(root.trueType, combinedMapper || mapper), instantiateType(root.falseType, mapper)]);
+                    return getUnionType([instantiateType(root.trueType, combinedMapper || mapper), falseType]);
                 }
                 // Return falseType for a definitely false extends check. We check an instantiations of the two
                 // types with type parameters mapped to the wildcard type, the most permissive instantiations
                 // possible (the wildcard type is assignable to and from all types). If those are not related,
                 // then no instantiations will be and we can just return the false branch type.
                 if (!isTypeAssignableTo(getPermissiveInstantiation(checkType), getPermissiveInstantiation(inferredExtendsType))) {
-                    return instantiateType(root.falseType, mapper);
+                    return falseType;
                 }
                 // Return trueType for a definitely true extends check. We check instantiations of the two
                 // types with type parameters mapped to their restrictive form, i.e. a form of the type parameter
@@ -10142,6 +10197,10 @@ namespace ts {
             result.extendsType = extendsType;
             result.mapper = mapper;
             result.combinedMapper = combinedMapper;
+            if (!combinedMapper) {
+                result.resolvedTrueType = trueType;
+                result.resolvedFalseType = falseType;
+            }
             result.aliasSymbol = root.aliasSymbol;
             result.aliasTypeArguments = instantiateTypes(root.aliasTypeArguments, mapper!); // TODO: GH#18217
             return result;
@@ -11132,8 +11191,20 @@ namespace ts {
         }
 
         function getRestrictiveInstantiation(type: Type) {
-            return type.flags & (TypeFlags.Primitive | TypeFlags.AnyOrUnknown | TypeFlags.Never) ? type :
-                type.restrictiveInstantiation || (type.restrictiveInstantiation = instantiateType(type, restrictiveMapper));
+            if (type.flags & (TypeFlags.Primitive | TypeFlags.AnyOrUnknown | TypeFlags.Never)) {
+                return type;
+            }
+            if (type.restrictiveInstantiation) {
+                return type.restrictiveInstantiation;
+            }
+            type.restrictiveInstantiation = instantiateType(type, restrictiveMapper);
+            // We set the following so we don't attempt to set the restrictive instance of a restrictive instance
+            // which is redundant - we'll produce new type identities, but all type params have already been mapped.
+            // This also gives us a way to detect restrictive instances upon comparisons and _disable_ the "distributeive constraint"
+            // assignability check for them, which is distinctly unsafe, as once you have a restrctive instance, all the type parameters
+            // are constrained to `unknown` and produce tons of false positives/negatives!
+            type.restrictiveInstantiation.restrictiveInstantiation = type.restrictiveInstantiation;
+            return type.restrictiveInstantiation;
         }
 
         function instantiateIndexInfo(info: IndexInfo | undefined, mapper: TypeMapper): IndexInfo | undefined {

tests/baselines/reference/conditionalTypes1.js

@@ -509,6 +509,8 @@ declare function f5<T extends Options, K extends string>(p: K): Extract<T, {
 }>;
 declare let x0: {
     k: "a";
+} & {
+    k: "a";
     a: number;
 };
 declare type OptionsOfKind<K extends Options["k"]> = Extract<Options, {
@@ -645,7 +647,7 @@ declare type T82 = Eq2<false, true>;
 declare type T83 = Eq2<false, false>;
 declare type Foo<T> = T extends string ? boolean : number;
 declare type Bar<T> = T extends string ? boolean : number;
-declare const convert: <U>(value: Foo<U>) => Bar<U>;
+declare const convert: <U>(value: Foo<U>) => Foo<U>;
 declare type Baz<T> = Foo<T>;
 declare const convert2: <T>(value: Foo<T>) => Foo<T>;
 declare function f31<T>(): void;

tests/baselines/reference/conditionalTypes1.types

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ type T02 = Exclude<string | number | (() => void), Function>;  // string | numbe
 >T02 : string | number
 
 type T03 = Extract<string | number | (() => void), Function>;  // () => void
->T03 : () => void
+>T03 : Function & (() => void)
 
 type T04 = NonNullable<string | number | undefined>;  // string | number
 >T04 : string | number
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ type T10 = Exclude<Options, { k: "a" | "b" }>;  // { k: "c", c: boolean }
 >k : "a" | "b"
 
 type T11 = Extract<Options, { k: "a" | "b" }>;  // { k: "a", a: number } | { k: "b", b: string }
->T11 : { k: "a"; a: number; } | { k: "b"; b: string; }
+>T11 : ({ k: "a" | "b"; } & { k: "a"; a: number; }) | ({ k: "a" | "b"; } & { k: "b"; b: string; })
 >k : "a" | "b"
 
 type T12 = Exclude<Options, { k: "a" } | { k: "b" }>;  // { k: "c", c: boolean }
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ type T12 = Exclude<Options, { k: "a" } | { k: "b" }>;  // { k: "c", c: boolean }
 >k : "b"
 
 type T13 = Extract<Options, { k: "a" } | { k: "b" }>;  // { k: "a", a: number } | { k: "b", b: string }
->T13 : { k: "a"; a: number; } | { k: "b"; b: string; }
+>T13 : ({ k: "a"; } & { k: "a"; a: number; }) | ({ k: "b"; } & { k: "a"; a: number; }) | ({ k: "a"; } & { k: "b"; b: string; }) | ({ k: "b"; } & { k: "b"; b: string; })
 >k : "a"
 >k : "b"
 
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ declare function f5<T extends Options, K extends string>(p: K): Extract<T, { k:
 >k : K
 
 let x0 = f5("a");  // { k: "a", a: number }
->x0 : { k: "a"; a: number; }
->f5("a") : { k: "a"; a: number; }
+>x0 : { k: "a"; } & { k: "a"; a: number; }
+>f5("a") : { k: "a"; } & { k: "a"; a: number; }
 >f5 : <T extends Options, K extends string>(p: K) => Extract<T, { k: K; }>
 >"a" : "a"
 
@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ type OptionsOfKind<K extends Options["k"]> = Extract<Options, { k: K }>;
 >k : K
 
 type T16 = OptionsOfKind<"a" | "b">;  // { k: "a", a: number } | { k: "b", b: string }
->T16 : { k: "a"; a: number; } | { k: "b"; b: string; }
+>T16 : ({ k: "a" | "b"; } & { k: "a"; a: number; }) | ({ k: "a" | "b"; } & { k: "b"; b: string; })
 
 type Select<T, K extends keyof T, V extends T[K]> = Extract<T, { [P in K]: V }>;
 >Select : Extract<T, { [P in K]: V; }>
 
 type T17 = Select<Options, "k", "a" | "b">;  // // { k: "a", a: number } | { k: "b", b: string }
->T17 : { k: "a"; a: number; } | { k: "b"; b: string; }
+>T17 : ({ k: "a" | "b"; } & { k: "a"; a: number; }) | ({ k: "a" | "b"; } & { k: "b"; b: string; })
 
 type TypeName<T> =
 >TypeName : TypeName<T>
@@ -779,8 +779,8 @@ type Bar<T> = T extends string ? boolean : number;
 >Bar : Bar<T>
 
 const convert = <U>(value: Foo<U>): Bar<U> => value;
->convert : <U>(value: Foo<U>) => Bar<U>
-><U>(value: Foo<U>): Bar<U> => value : <U>(value: Foo<U>) => Bar<U>
+>convert : <U>(value: Foo<U>) => Foo<U>
+><U>(value: Foo<U>): Bar<U> => value : <U>(value: Foo<U>) => Foo<U>
 >value : Foo<U>
 >value : Foo<U>
 
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ function f33<T, U>() {
 >T1 : Foo<T & U>
 
     type T2 = Bar<T & U>;
->T2 : Bar<T & U>
+>T2 : Foo<T & U>
 
     var z: T1;
 >z : Foo<T & U>

tests/baselines/reference/conditionalTypes2.types

@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@ function f12(x: string | (() => string) | undefined) {
 >x : string | (() => string) | undefined
 
     const f = getFunction(x);  // () => string
->f : () => string
->getFunction(x) : () => string
+>f : Function & (() => string)
+>getFunction(x) : Function & (() => string)
 >getFunction : <T>(item: T) => Extract<T, Function>
 >x : string | (() => string) | undefined
 
     f();
 >f() : string
->f : () => string
+>f : Function & (() => string)
 }
 
 type Foo = { foo: string };

tests/baselines/reference/conditionalTypesSimplifyWhenTrivial.js

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+//// [conditionalTypesSimplifyWhenTrivial.ts]
+const fn1 = <Params>(
+    params: Pick<Params, Exclude<keyof Params, never>>,
+): Params => params;
+
+function fn2<T>(x: Exclude<T, never>) {
+    var y: T = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+
+const fn3 = <Params>(
+    params: Pick<Params, Extract<keyof Params, keyof Params>>,
+): Params => params;
+
+function fn4<T>(x: Extract<T, T>) {
+    var y: T = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+
+declare var x: Extract<number | string, any>; // Should be `numebr | string` and not `any`
+
+type ExtractWithDefault<T, U, D = never> = T extends U ? T : D;
+
+type ExcludeWithDefault<T, U, D = never> = T extends U ? D : T;
+
+const fn5 = <Params>(
+    params: Pick<Params, ExcludeWithDefault<keyof Params, never>>,
+): Params => params;
+
+function fn6<T>(x: ExcludeWithDefault<T, never>) {
+    var y: T = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+
+const fn7 = <Params>(
+    params: Pick<Params, ExtractWithDefault<keyof Params, keyof Params>>,
+): Params => params;
+
+function fn8<T>(x: ExtractWithDefault<T, T>) {
+    var y: T = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+
+type TemplatedConditional<TCheck, TExtends, TTrue, TFalse> = TCheck extends TExtends ? TTrue : TFalse;
+
+const fn9 = <Params>(
+    params: Pick<Params, TemplatedConditional<keyof Params, never, never, keyof Params>>,
+): Params => params;
+
+function fn10<T>(x: TemplatedConditional<T, never, never, T>) {
+    var y: T = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+
+const fn11 = <Params>(
+    params: Pick<Params, TemplatedConditional<keyof Params, keyof Params, keyof Params, never>>,
+): Params => params;
+
+function fn12<T>(x: TemplatedConditional<T, T, T, never>) {
+    var y: T = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+
+declare var z: any;
+const zee = z!!!; // since x is `any`, `x extends null | undefined` should be both true and false - and thus yield `any` 
+
+
+//// [conditionalTypesSimplifyWhenTrivial.js]
+"use strict";
+var fn1 = function (params) { return params; };
+function fn2(x) {
+    var y = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+var fn3 = function (params) { return params; };
+function fn4(x) {
+    var y = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+var fn5 = function (params) { return params; };
+function fn6(x) {
+    var y = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+var fn7 = function (params) { return params; };
+function fn8(x) {
+    var y = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+var fn9 = function (params) { return params; };
+function fn10(x) {
+    var y = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+var fn11 = function (params) { return params; };
+function fn12(x) {
+    var y = x;
+    x = y;
+}
+var zee = z; // since x is `any`, `x extends null | undefined` should be both true and false - and thus yield `any`