8 breaking releases

Uses new Rust 2024

new 0.15.0	Nov 29, 2025
0.13.1	Nov 25, 2025
0.10.0	Jul 24, 2025

#99 in Procedural macros

Used in 2 crates (via spacetimedsl_derive)

MIT/Apache

310KB
5K SLoC

✨ SpacetimeDSL

SpacetimeDSL provides you a high-level Domain Specific Language (DSL) in Rust to interact in an ergonomic, more developer-friendly and type-safe way with the data in your SpacetimeDB instances.

🤖 For LLMs and AI-Assisted Development: See llms.txt for a concise, LLM-optimized reference with all key features, examples, and important rules in one place.

🚀 Try SpacetimeDSL for yourself, by adding it to your server modules Cargo.toml:

# https://crates.io/crates/spacetimedsl Ergonomic DSL for SpacetimeDB
spacetimedsl = { version = "*" }

📖 Get started by adding #[spacetimedsl::dsl] with required method() configuration, plus helper attributes #[create_wrapper], #[use_wrapper],
#[foreign_key] and #[referenced_by] to your structs with #[spacetimedb::table]!

💬 Need help?

Consult the FAQ
Join the SpacetimeDSL channel of the SpacetimeDB Discord Server

📑 Table of Contents

Core Unique Features

🔗 Foreign Keys / Referential Integrity - Enforce relationships between tables with automatic cascade operations
🏷️ Wrapper Types - Type-safe column identifiers that eliminate primitive obsession
🎲 Unique Multi-Column Indices - Enforce uniqueness across multiple columns (before SpacetimeDB native support)
🪝 Hooks System - Execute custom logic automatically before/after insert, update, and delete operations
🎯 Complete Method Coverage - DSL equivalents for all SpacetimeDB operations

Enhanced Developer Experience

🎨 Ergonomic DSL Methods - Cleaner syntax with smart defaults for creating, updating, and deleting rows
🎛️ Method Configuration - Explicit control over which operations are allowed on your tables
🚨 Rich Error Types - Detailed error information beyond what SpacetimeDB provides
📊 Deletion Results - Complete audit trails for delete operations with cascade tracking
🔄 Automatic Accessors - Generated getters, mut-getters and setters with visibility controls

Implementation Details

🎯 OnDelete Strategies - Control deletion behavior: Error, Delete, SetZero, or Ignore
📝 Plural Name Configuration - Customize generated method names

🔧 Vanilla SpacetimeDB

Let's start with a ordinary SpacetimeDB schema:

#[spacetimedb::table(name = entity, public)]
pub struct Entity {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    id: u128,

    created_at: spacetimedb::Timestamp,
}

#[spacetimedb::table(name = position, public, index(name = x_y, btree(columns = [x, y])))]
pub struct Position {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    id: u128,

    #[unique]
    entity_id: u128,

    x: i128,

    y: i128,

    modified_at: spacetimedb::Timestamp,
}

We have two tables:

📋 The Entity table - holds no data per row except an unique machine-readable identifier
📍 The Position table - holds an entity_id and x, y values per row

⚠️ Problems with Vanilla SpacetimeDB

Even with this small data model, there are fundamental issues:

Boilerplate Code:

You must create an Entity first, then pass it to insert/try_insert
Must manually set sensible defaults:
- 0 for id column (for auto-increment)
- ctx.timestamp for timestamps
Repetitive code that could be avoided ✂️

Data Integrity Issues:

❌ Can change created_at after creation and persist with update
❌ Column name entity_id doesn't enforce it only accepts Entity IDs
❌ No guarantee referenced Entities actually exist
❌ Positions won't auto-delete when Entities are deleted

Missing Constraints:

🎮 For tile-based 2D games: each tile should contain max one Entity
No unique multi-column indices - must check manually
Must manually update modified_at with ctx.timestamp

The Problem:

SpacetimeDB is great technology, but has weaknesses that prevent developers from utilizing its full potential — sometimes you work against the database.

⚡ SpacetimeDB with SpacetimeDSL

Let's see what happens when adding SpacetimeDSL:

#[spacetimedsl::dsl(plural_name = entities, method(update = false, delete = true))] // Added
#[spacetimedb::table(name = entity, public)]
pub struct Entity {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    #[create_wrapper]                                                // Added
    #[referenced_by(path = crate, table = position)]                 // Added
    id: u128,

    created_at: spacetimedb::Timestamp,
}

#[spacetimedsl::dsl(plural_name = positions, method(update = false, delete = true), unique_index(name = x_y))] // Added
#[spacetimedb::table(name = position, public, index(name = x_y, btree(columns = [x, y])))]
pub struct Position {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    #[create_wrapper]                                                                           // Added
    id: u128,

    #[unique]
    #[use_wrapper(EntityId)]
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = entity, on_delete = Delete)]                            // Added
    entity_id: u128,

    x: i128,

    y: i128,

    modified_at: spacetimedb::Timestamp,
}

📝 Note: For clarity, DB = SpacetimeDB, DSL = SpacetimeDSL

Looks simple, but unlocks powerful capabilities! 🎯

🎨 The `Create` DSL method

#[spacetimedb::reducer]
pub fn create_example(ctx: &spacetimedb::ReducerContext) -> Result<(), String> {
    // Vanilla SpacetimeDB
    use spacetimedb::Table;

    // Without the question mark it would return a
    // Result<Entity, spacetimedb::TryInsertError<entity__TableHandle>>
    let entity: Entity = ctx.db.entity().try_insert(
        Entity {
            id: 0,
            created_at: ctx.timestamp,
        }
    )?;

    // SpacetimeDB with SpacetimeDSL
    let dsl: spacetimedsl::DSL<'_, spacetimedb::ReducerContext> = spacetimedsl::dsl(ctx);

    // Without the question mark it would return a Result<Entity, spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError>
    let entity: Entity = dsl.create_entity()?;

    Ok(())
}

✨ What's different?

Cleaner Code:

🎯 Much nicer to read and write!
No manual Entity construction required

Smart Defaults:

🤖 id column: automatically set to 0 (DB generates ID)
⏰ created_at: automatically set to ctx.timestamp
🔄 modified_at: supports both Timestamp and Option<Timestamp> types

Better API:

SpacetimeDSL wraps &spacetimedb::ReducerContext
Provides more ergonomic API with added capabilities
Reduces boilerplate code significantly

💡 Best Practices:

Create DSL instance once at reducer start: spacetimedsl::dsl(ctx)
Pass only &DSL to functions (not &ReducerContext)
Use dsl.ctx() method if you really need the context

Here is the implementation:

pub trait CreateEntityRow<T: spacetimedsl::WriteContext>: spacetimedsl::DSLContext<T> {
    fn create_entity<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Entity, spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError> {
        use spacetimedsl::Wrapper;
        use spacetimedb::{DbContext, Table};

        let id = u128::default();
        let created_at = self.ctx().timestamp;

        let entity = Entity { id, created_at };

        match self.ctx().db().entity().try_insert(entity) {
            Ok(entity) => Ok(entity),
            Err(error) => {
                match error {
                    spacetimedb::TryInsertError::UniqueConstraintViolation(_) => {
                        Err(spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::UniqueConstraintViolation {
                            table_name: "entity".into(),
                            action: spacetimedsl::Action::Create,
                            error_from: spacetimedsl::ErrorFrom::SpacetimeDB,
                            one_or_multiple: spacetimedsl::OneOrMultiple::One,
                            column_names_and_row_values: format!(
                                "{{ entity : {:?} }}",
                                entity
                            ).into(),
                        })
                    }
                    spacetimedb::TryInsertError::AutoIncOverflow(_) => {
                        Err(spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::AutoIncOverflow {
                            table_name: "entity".into(),
                        })
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<T: spacetimedsl::WriteContext> CreateEntityRow<T> for spacetimedsl::DSL<'_, T> {}

🚨 The `SpacetimeDSLError` Type

Unlike DB errors, DSL errors include metadata for better debugging! 🔍

Transformation:

spacetimedb::TryInsertError → SpacetimeDSLError
bool (Delete One) → SpacetimeDSLError
Option (Get One) → SpacetimeDSLError
u64 (Delete Many) → SpacetimeDSLError

Error Variants:

pub enum SpacetimeDSLError {
    Error,                       // Not available in vanilla SpacetimeDB
    NotFoundError,               // Not available in vanilla SpacetimeDB
    UniqueConstraintViolation,
    AutoIncOverflow,
    ReferenceIntegrityViolation, // Not available in vanilla SpacetimeDB
}

⚠️ The `Error` variant

Used when DSL can't help with DB issues
Never return Ok(()) in reducer if this occurs!

🔍 The `NotFoundError` variant

What DB gives: Simple Option<T>
What DSL gives: NotFound error with table name + column values

Example log:

Not Found Error while trying to find a row in the position table with {{ entity_id : 1 }}!

🔒 The `UniqueConstraintViolation` variant

Origins:

📊 DB: unique single-column indices
🎯 DSL: unique multi-column indices

Example log:

Unique Constraint Violation Error while trying to create a row in the entity table! 
Unfortunately SpacetimeDB doesn't provide more information, so here are all columns and their values: 
{{ entity : Entity { id: EntityId { id: 1 }, created_at: /* omitted */ } }}

📈 The `AutoIncOverflow` variant

Improvements over DB:

DB: No column name
DSL: Includes table name ✅

Example log:

Auto Inc Overflow Error on the entity table! 
Unfortunately SpacetimeDB doesn't provide more information.

🔗 The `ReferenceIntegrityViolation` variant

Two scenarios:

1️⃣ Creating/Updating rows:

Tables with foreign keys (#[foreign_key])
DSL checks if referenced rows exist

Example log:

Reference Integrity Violation Error while trying to create a row in the position table 
because of {{ entity_id : 1 }}!

2️⃣ Deleting referenced rows:

Tables with #[referenced_by] on primary key
More complex - see DeletionResult

📊 The `DeletionResult[Entry]` Type

The Problem (DB Conversation):

Developer: "Hi DB! I need an audit log for every deletion. How?"

DB: "I can give you:

bool for Delete One (deleted or not)
u64 for Delete Many (count of deleted rows)

Is that enough?"

DSL: "May I answer for you, developer?"

Developer: "Yes, please!"

DSL: "No, that's not enough! But don't worry, I have a solution:" 🎉

The Solution:

pub struct DeletionResult {
    pub table_name: Box<str>,
    pub one_or_multiple: OneOrMultiple,
    pub entries: Vec<DeletionResultEntry>,
}

pub struct DeletionResultEntry {
    pub table_name: Box<str>,
    pub column_name: Box<str>,
    pub strategy: OnDeleteStrategy,
    pub row_value: Box<str>,
    pub child_entries: Vec<DeletionResultEntry>,
}

Features:

✅ Get DeletionResult on both success AND failure
📝 Process programmatically or use to_csv() method
📊 Import into spreadsheet applications
🔍 Complete audit trail

See Foreign Keys and Referential Integrity for more details.

🎯 The `OnDeleteStrategy` Type

Found in #[foreign_key] attribute and DeletionResultEntry type.

Controls deletion behavior when referenced rows are deleted:

pub enum OnDeleteStrategy {
    /**
     * Available independent from the column type.
     * 
     * If a row of a table should be deleted whose primary key value is referenced in foreign keys ...
     * ... of other tables the deletion fails with a Reference Integrity Violation Error.
     */
    Error,

    /**
     * Available independent from the column type.
     * 
     * If a row of a table should be deleted whose primary key value is referenced in foreign keys ...
     * ... of other tables, it's checked whether any primary key value of rows to delete is referenced
     * in a foreign key with `OnDeleteStrategy::Error`.
     * 
     * If true, the deletion fails with a Reference Integrity Violation Error and
     * no other OnDeleteStrategy is executed (especially: no row is deleted).
     * 
     * If false, the on delete strategies of all affected rows are executed and rows are deleted.
     */
    Delete,

    /**
     * Available only for columns with a numeric type.
     * 
     * If a row of a table should be deleted whose primary key value is referenced in foreign keys ...
     * ... of other tables the value of the foreign key column is set to `0`.
     */
    SetZero,

    /**
     * Available independent from the column type.
     * 
     * If a row of a table should be deleted whose primary key value is referenced in foreign keys ...
     * ... of other tables nothing happens, which means the referencing rows will reference a primary
     * key value which doesn't exist anymore. The referential integrity is only enforced while creating
     * a row or if a row is updated and the foreign key column value is changed.
     */
    Ignore,
}

Strategies Explained:

🛑 Error

Available for all column types
Deletion fails if referenced by other tables
Returns Reference Integrity Violation Error

🗑️ Delete

Available for all column types
Cascading delete of referencing rows
Fails only if any reference uses Error strategy
All-or-nothing: either all delete or none

0️⃣ SetZero

Numeric types only
Sets foreign key column to 0
Referenced value becomes non-existent

🤷 Ignore

Available for all column types
Breaks referential integrity
Creates dangling references
Integrity only enforced on create/update

🏷️ The `#[create_wrapper]` and `#[use_wrapper]` attributes - aka Wrapper Types

Requirements:

Every column with these attributes needs a wrapper:

#[primary_key] ✅
#[unique] ✅
#[index] ✅

Must have either:

#[create_wrapper] - creates new wrapper type
#[use_wrapper] - uses existing wrapper type

Benefits:

🎯 Reduces Primitive Obsession:

🔒 Type Safety:

Compile-time errors instead of runtime errors
Field order mistakes caught at compilation

API:

pub trait Wrapper<WrappedType: Clone + Default, WrapperType>: Default +
    Clone + PartialEq + PartialOrd + spacetimedb::SpacetimeType + Display
{
    fn new(value: WrappedType) -> WrapperType;
    fn value(&self) -> WrappedType;
}

Usage Examples:

#[spacetimedsl::dsl(plural_name = entities, method(update = false))]
#[spacetimedb::table(name = entity, public)]
pub struct Entity {
    // Default Name Strategy: EntityId
    // format!("{}{}", singular_table_name_pascal_case, column_name_pascal_case)
    #[create_wrapper]

    //  Custom Name Strategy: EntityID
    #[create_wrapper(EntityID)]

    id: u128,

    // Use a wrapper type from the same module
    #[use_wrapper(EntityId)]

    // Use a wrapper type from another module
    #[use_wrapper(crate::entity::EntityId)]

    parent_entity_id: u128,
}

⚠️ Common Error:

The trait bound `WrapperType: From<NumericType>` is not satisfied.

What this means:

You provided NumericType (like u128) where WrapperType is required
SpacetimeDB CLI and Admin Panel have primitive obsession limitations
They lack feature-parity with server modules

Solution:

Don't create Wrapper Types manually (WrapperType::new(wrapped_type))
Use Wrapper Types in your entire ecosystem API
Include them in reducer arguments
Embrace full SpacetimeDB capabilities! 💪

🔄 Accessors (Getters and Setters)

Getters (for all columns):

📖 Public getter for every column
Returns reference for normal types
Returns cloned Wrapper Type for wrapped types

Setters and Mut-Getters (for non-private columns):

✏️ Generated based on column visibility
Visibility = field visibility
Use field visibility to make fields immutable after creation

🔒 Automatic Field Privacy Enforcement: SpacetimeDSL automatically makes all struct fields private when processing DSL attributes.

Why?

✅ Prevents direct field access
✅ Forces use of wrapper types, getters, setters
✅ Prevents unauthorized modifications
✅ Enforces proper encapsulation

Use Cases for Private Columns: 🔑 Never-changing fields:

Primary and foreign key columns
created_at timestamps
Event/audit table data

No Update Method:

All columns private = no Update DSL method
Indicates row should never change after insertion

Future Enhancement:

When rust-lang/rust#105077 releases, DSL will use field mutability restrictions instead of visibility.

🎲 Unique multi-column indices

Achievement Unlocked: 🏆

Example:

#[dsl(
    plural_name = entity_relationships,
    method(update = false),
    unique_index(name = parent_child_entity_id)
)]
#[table(
    name = entity_relationship,
    public,
    index(name = parent_child_entity_id, btree(columns = [parent_entity_id, child_entity_id]))
)]
pub struct EntityRelationship {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    id: u128,

    parent_entity_id: u128,

    child_entity_id: u128,
}

Setup:

Add unique_index(name = parent_child_entity_id) to #[spacetimedsl::dsl]
Have matching multi-column index in #[spacetimedb::table]

You get:

✅ Get One instead of Get Many
✅ Update method
✅ Delete One instead of Delete Many
✅ Automatic uniqueness checks on create/update

⚠️ Important:

Only enforced when using DSL methods
Don't call DB state-mutating methods directly on &ReducerContext
Always use &spacetimedsl::DSL methods

Status:

⚠️ Unstable - will be removed when SpacetimeDB implements native support

🔗 Foreign Keys / Referential Integrity

Add #[foreign_key] and #[referenced_by] to enforce referential integrity and apply on delete strategies.

Example:

pub mod entity {
    #[dsl(plural_name = entities, method(update = false))]
    #[table(name = entity, public)]
    pub struct Entity {
        #[primary_key]
        #[auto_inc]
        #[create_wrapper]
        #[referenced_by(path = crate, table = identifier)] // Added
        id: u128,

        created_at: Timestamp,
    }
}

pub mod identifier {
    #[dsl(plural_name = identifiers, method(update = true))]
    #[table(name = identifier, public)]
    pub struct Identifier {
        #[primary_key]
        #[auto_inc]
        #[create_wrapper]
        #[referenced_by(path = crate, table = identifier_reference)]     // Added
        id: u128

        #[unique]
        #[use_wrapper(crate::EntityId)]
        #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = entity, on_delete = Delete)] // Added
        entity_id: u128

        #[unique]
        pub value: String

        created_at: Timestamp

        modified_at: Timestamp,
    }
}

#[dsl(plural_name = identifier_references, method(update = true))]
#[table(name = identifier_reference, public)]
pub struct IdentifierReference {
    #[primary_key]
    #[use_wrapper(IdentifierId)]
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = identifier, on_delete = Error)]   // Added
    id: u128,

    #[unique]
    #[use_wrapper(IdentifierId)]
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = identifier, on_delete = Delete)]  // Added
    id2: u128,

    #[unique]
    #[use_wrapper(IdentifierId)]
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = identifier, on_delete = SetZero)] // Added
    pub id3: u128,

    #[unique]
    #[use_wrapper(IdentifierId)]
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = identifier, on_delete = Ignore)]  // Added
    id4: u128,
}

📋 #[referenced_by] Attribute:

Requirements:

Values for path and table fields
Only on #[primary_key] columns
Requires #[create_wrapper]/#[use_wrapper]

Features:

Multiple #[referenced_by] per primary key allowed
One for each referencing table
Controls Delete One/Many DSL methods
Calls OnDeleteStrategy of referencing tables

🔑 #[foreign_key] Attribute:

Requirements:

Only on: #[primary_key], #[index], or #[unique] columns
Requires #[use_wrapper]
Values for: path, table, column, on_delete
One per column maximum

Features:

Referential integrity checks on create/update
Executes OnDeleteStrategy when referenced row deleted

⚠️ Compatibility Requirements:

Foreign key strategies must be compatible with the table's method configuration and column visibility:

🔄 on_delete = Delete requires the referencing table to have method(delete = true)
- The table must support delete operations to allow cascading deletes
- Compilation will fail if delete methods are not enabled
0️⃣ on_delete = SetZero requires:
- The referencing table to have method(update = true)
- The foreign key column to be non-private (public or pub(in path))
- Both conditions are necessary because setting to zero is an update operation
- Compilation will fail if either requirement is not met
⚠️ on_delete = Error and on_delete = Ignore have no special requirements

Example:

// ✅ Valid: table has delete methods enabled
#[dsl(plural_name = children, method(update = true, delete = true))]
#[table(name = child, public)]
pub struct Child {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    #[create_wrapper]
    id: u128,
    
    #[use_wrapper(ParentId)]
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = parent, on_delete = Delete)]
    parent_id: u128,  // Can use Delete strategy
}

// ✅ Valid: table has update methods and column is public
#[dsl(plural_name = items, method(update = true, delete = false))]
#[table(name = item, public)]
pub struct Item {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    #[create_wrapper]
    id: u128,
    
    #[use_wrapper(OwnerId)]
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = owner, on_delete = SetZero)]
    pub owner_id: u128,  // Must be public for SetZero
}

// ❌ Invalid: delete = false but using Delete strategy
#[dsl(plural_name = invalid, method(update = true, delete = false))]
pub struct Invalid {
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = parent, on_delete = Delete)]
    parent_id: u128,  // Compile error!
}

// ❌ Invalid: private column with SetZero strategy
#[dsl(plural_name = invalid, method(update = true, delete = true))]
pub struct Invalid {
    #[foreign_key(path = crate, table = owner, on_delete = SetZero)]
    owner_id: u128,  // Compile error! Must be public
}

⚠️ Important:

Only enforced when using DSL methods
Don't call DB methods directly on &ReducerContext
Always use &spacetimedsl::DSL methods

Status:

⚠️ Unstable

Will be removed when SpacetimeDB implements native support

Tests exist but may not cover all cases

Backup your data before testing!

Found a bug? Create a GitHub issue! 🐛

📄 Here is the `Delete One` DSL method of the Entity table

pub trait DeleteEntityRowById<T: spacetimedsl::WriteContext>: spacetimedsl::DSLContext<T> {
    fn delete_entity_by_id(
        &self,
        id: impl Into<EntityId> + Clone,
    ) -> Result<spacetimedsl::DeletionResult, spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError> {
        use spacetimedsl::Wrapper;
        use spacetimedb::{DbContext, Table};
        use spacetimedsl::itertools::Itertools;

        let id = id.clone().into().value();

        let row_to_delete = self.ctx().db().entity().id().find(id);

        let primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete = match row_to_delete {
            None => {
                return Err(spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::NotFoundError {
                    table_name: "entity".into(),
                    column_names_and_row_values: format!("{{ , id : {0}  }}", &id).into(),
                });
            }
            Some(row_to_delete) => row_to_delete.id,
        };

        let mut deletion_result_entry = spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
            table_name: "entity".into(),
            column_name: "id".into(),
            strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
            row_value: format!("{0}", EntityId::new(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete.clone())).into(),
            child_entries: vec![],
        };

        match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_one_row_of_the_entity_table_was_deleted(
            self.ctx(),
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Error,
            &primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
        ) {
            Err(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
                let error = spacetimedsl::DeletionResult {
                    table_name: "entity".into(),
                    one_or_multiple: spacetimedsl::OneOrMultiple::One,
                    entries: vec![deletion_result_entry],
                };
                return Err(
                    spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::ReferenceIntegrityViolation(
                        spacetimedsl::ReferenceIntegrityViolationError::OnDelete(
                            error,
                        ),
                    ),
                );
            }
            Ok(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
            }
        };

        match self
            .ctx()
            .db()
            .entity()
            .id()
            .delete(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
        {
            false => return Err(spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::Error("Delete One Error: `count_of_rows_to_delete ( 1 ) != ( 0 ) count_of_deleted_rows`!".to_string())),
            true => {}
        };

        match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_one_row_of_the_entity_table_was_deleted(
            self.ctx(),
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
            &primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
        ) {
            Err(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
                let error = spacetimedsl::DeletionResult {
                    table_name: "entity".into(),
                    one_or_multiple: spacetimedsl::OneOrMultiple::One,
                    entries: vec![deletion_result_entry],
                };
                return Err(
                    spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::Error(
                        format!("Delete One Error: An unknown error occurred after changing the database state! If the reducer running this doesn\'t return an error, the state changes are persisted and you have problems now! Here is the deletion result: {0}", error),
                    ),
                );
            }
            Ok(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
            }
        };

        match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_one_row_of_the_entity_table_was_deleted(
            self.ctx(),
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::SetZero,
            &primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
        ) {
            Err(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
                let error = spacetimedsl::DeletionResult {
                    table_name: "entity".into(),
                    one_or_multiple: spacetimedsl::OneOrMultiple::One,
                    entries: vec![deletion_result_entry],
                };
                return Err(
                    spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::Error(
                        format!("Delete One Error: An unknown error occurred after changing the database state! If the reducer running this doesn\'t return an error, the state changes are persisted and you have problems now! Here is the deletion result: {0}", error),
                    ),
                );
            }
            Ok(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
            }
        };

        match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_one_row_of_the_entity_table_was_deleted(
            self.ctx(),
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Ignore,
            &primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
        ) {
            Err(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
                let error = spacetimedsl::DeletionResult {
                    table_name: "entity".into(),
                    one_or_multiple: spacetimedsl::OneOrMultiple::One,
                    entries: vec![deletion_result_entry],
                };
                return Err(
                    spacetimedsl::SpacetimeDSLError::Error(
                        format!("Delete One Error: An unknown error occurred after changing the database state! If the reducer running this doesn\'t return an error, the state changes are persisted and you have problems now! Here is the deletion result: {0}"error),
                    ),
                );
            }
            Ok(mut child_entries) => {
                deletion_result_entry.child_entries.append(&mut child_entries);
            }
        };

        return Ok(spacetimedsl::DeletionResult {
            table_name: "entity".into(),
            one_or_multiple: spacetimedsl::OneOrMultiple::One,
            entries: vec![deletion_result_entry],
        });
    }
}
impl<T: spacetimedsl::WriteContext> DeleteEntityRowById<T> for spacetimedsl::DSL<'_, T> {}

Delete One/Many DSL methods call internal functions generated by tables with #[referenced_by].

🔧 Internals

💡 Optional reading - skip to plural name if not interested.

Execution:

Called multiple times to ensure OnDeleteStrategy::Error processes first
Separate implementations for one vs. multiple rows

Key Differences (Multiple vs. One Row):

Parameter: &'a [PrimaryKeyType] vs. &PrimaryKeyType
Return: HashMap<&'a u128, Vec<DeletionResultEntry>> vs. Vec<DeletionResultEntry>

📄 Function for multiple rows

pub trait ExecuteOnDeleteStrategiesOfReferencingTablesAfterMultipleRowsOfTheEntityTableWereDeleted {
    fn execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_multiple_rows_of_the_entity_table_were_deleted<'a>(
        ctx: &spacetimedb::ReducerContext,
        strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy,
        primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete: &'a [u128],
    ) -> Result<
        std::collections::HashMap<&'a u128, Vec<spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry>>,
        std::collections::HashMap<&'a u128, Vec<spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry>>,
    > {
        use spacetimedsl::Wrapper;
        use spacetimedb::{DbContext, Table};

        let mut entries = std::collections::HashMap::new();

        for primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete {
            entries.insert(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete, vec![]);
        }

        let mut error = false;

        use crate::component::identifier::ExecuteOnDeleteStrategiesOfTheIdentifierTableAfterMultipleRowsOfTheEntityTableWereDeleted;
        match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_the_identifier_table_after_multiple_rows_of_the_entity_table_were_deleted(
            ctx,
            &strategy,
            primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete,
        ) {
            Err(child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete) => {
                for (primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete, mut child_entries) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                    entries.get_mut(&primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete).unwrap().append(&mut child_entries);
                }
                error = true;
            }
            Ok(child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete) => {
                for (primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete, mut child_entries) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                    entries.get_mut(&primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete).unwrap().append(&mut child_entries);
                }
            }
        };

        match error {
            false => Ok(entries),
            true => Err(entries),
        }
    }
}
impl ExecuteOnDeleteStrategiesOfReferencingTablesAfterMultipleRowsOfTheEntityTableWereDeleted for spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals {}

Calls another internal function generated by the Identifier table (has #[foreign_key]).

📄 Function created by Identifier table

pub trait ExecuteOnDeleteStrategiesOfTheIdentifierTableAfterMultipleRowsOfTheEntityTableWereDeleted {
    fn execute_on_delete_strategies_of_the_identifier_table_after_multiple_rows_of_the_entity_table_were_deleted<'a>(
        ctx: &spacetimedb::ReducerContext,
        strategy: &spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy,
        primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete: &'a [u128],
    ) -> Result<
        std::collections::HashMap<&'a u128, Vec<spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry>>,
        std::collections::HashMap<&'a u128, Vec<spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry>>,
        >,
    > {
        use spacetimedsl::Wrapper;
        use spacetimedb::{DbContext, Table};
        use spacetimedsl::itertools::Itertools;

        let mut entries = std::collections::HashMap::new();

        for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
            entries.insert(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete, vec![]);
        }

        let mut error = false;

        match &strategy {
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Ignore => {}
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete => {
                let mut child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete = std::collections::HashMap::new();

                let mut primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete = std::collections::HashMap::new();
                
                for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
                    primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete
                        .insert(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete, vec![]);
                }

                for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
                    match ctx.db().identifier().entity_id().find(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete)
                    {
                        None => {}
                        Some(row) => {
                            if !child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete.contains_key(&row.id) {
                                primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete
                                    .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete)
                                    .unwrap()
                                    .push(row.id);
                                child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete.insert(row.id, vec![]);
                            }
                        }
                    };
                }

                let primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete = child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete
                    .keys()
                    .cloned()
                    .collect_vec();
                
                match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_multiple_rows_of_the_identifier_table_were_deleted(
                    ctx,
                    spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Error,
                    &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete[..],
                ) {
                    Err(
                        child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                    ) => {
                        error = true;
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                    Ok(child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete) => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                };
                match error {
                    false => {}
                    true => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                            primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete,
                        ) in primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete {
                            for id in &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete {
                                let child_entries = child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete
                                    .remove(&id)
                                    .unwrap();
                                entries
                                    .get_mut(
                                        primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                                    )
                                    .unwrap()
                                    .push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                        table_name: "identifier".into(),
                                        column_name: "entity_id".into(),
                                        strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
                                        row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                        child_entries,
                                    });
                            }
                        }
                        return Err(entries);
                    }
                };
                for id in &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete {
                    ctx.db().identifier().id().delete(id);
                }
                match error {
                    false => {}
                    true => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                            primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete,
                        ) in primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete {
                            for id in &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete {
                                let child_entries = child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete
                                    .remove(&id)
                                    .unwrap();
                                entries
                                    .get_mut(
                                        primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                                    )
                                    .unwrap()
                                    .push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                        table_name: "identifier".into(),
                                        column_name: "entity_id".into(),
                                        strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
                                        row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                        child_entries,
                                    });
                            }
                        }
                        return Err(entries);
                    }
                };
                match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_multiple_rows_of_the_identifier_table_were_deleted(
                    ctx,
                    spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
                    &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete[..],
                ) {
                    Err(
                        child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                    ) => {
                        error = true;
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                    Ok(child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete) => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                };
                match error {
                    false => {}
                    true => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                            primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete,
                        ) in primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete {
                            for id in &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete {
                                let child_entries = child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete
                                    .remove(&id)
                                    .unwrap();
                                entries
                                    .get_mut(
                                        primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                                    )
                                    .unwrap()
                                    .push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                        table_name: "identifier".into(),
                                        column_name: "entity_id".into(),
                                        strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
                                        row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                        child_entries,
                                    });
                            }
                        }
                        return Err(entries);
                    }
                };
                match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_multiple_rows_of_the_identifier_table_were_deleted(
                    ctx,
                    spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::SetZero,
                    &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete[..],
                ) {
                    Err(
                        child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                    ) => {
                        error = true;
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                    Ok(child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete) => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                };
                match error {
                    false => {}
                    true => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                            primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete,
                        ) in primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete {
                            for id in &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete {
                                let child_entries = child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete
                                    .remove(&id)
                                    .unwrap();
                                entries
                                    .get_mut(
                                        primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                                    )
                                    .unwrap()
                                    .push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                        table_name: "identifier".into(),
                                        column_name: "entity_id".into(),
                                        strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
                                        row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                        child_entries,
                                    });
                            }
                        }
                        return Err(entries);
                    }
                };
                match spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals::execute_on_delete_strategies_of_referencing_tables_after_multiple_rows_of_the_identifier_table_were_deleted(
                    ctx,
                    spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Ignore,
                    &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete[..],
                ) {
                    Err(
                        child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                    ) => {
                        error = true;
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                    Ok(child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete) => {
                        for (
                            primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete,
                            mut child_entries,
                        ) in child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete {
                            child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete
                                .get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_to_delete)
                                .unwrap()
                                .append(&mut child_entries);
                        }
                    }
                };
                for (
                    primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                    primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete,
                ) in primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete_by_primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete {
                    for id in &primary_key_values_of_rows_to_delete {
                        let child_entries = child_entries_by_primary_key_value_of_row_to_delete
                            .remove(&id)
                            .unwrap();
                        entries
                            .get_mut(
                                primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete,
                            )
                            .unwrap()
                            .push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                table_name: "identifier".into(),
                                column_name: "entity_id".into(),
                                strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
                                row_value: ::alloc::__export::must_use({
                                        ::alloc::fmt::format(
                                            format_args!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())),
                                        )
                                    })
                                    .into(),
                                child_entries,
                            });
                    }
                }
            }
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Error => {}
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::SetZero => {}
        };
        match error {
            false => Ok(entries),
            true => Err(entries),
        }
    }
}
impl ExecuteOnDeleteStrategiesOfTheIdentifierTableAfterMultipleRowsOfTheEntityTableWereDeleted for spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals {}

Because the Identifier table is referenced by the Identifier Reference table, it does much during execution of the OnDeleteStrategy::Delete strategy.

It calls it's own function generated because it has at least one #[referenced_by].

📄 Let's have a look into it (which doesn't do that much stuff in the OnDeleteStrategy::Delete match arm as the one for the Identifier table)

pub trait ExecuteOnDeleteStrategiesOfTheIdentifierReferenceTableAfterMultipleRowsOfTheIdentifierTableWereDeleted {
    fn execute_on_delete_strategies_of_the_identifier_reference_table_after_multiple_rows_of_the_identifier_table_were_deleted<'a>(
        ctx: &spacetimedb::ReducerContext,
        strategy: &spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy,
        primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete: &'a [u128],
    ) -> Result<
        std::collections::HashMap<&'a u128, Vec<spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry>>,
        std::collections::HashMap<&'a u128, Vec<spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry>>,
    > {
        use spacetimedsl::Wrapper;
        use spacetimedb::{DbContext, Table};
        use spacetimedsl::itertools::Itertools;

        let mut entries = std::collections::HashMap::new();

        for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
            entries.insert(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete, vec![]);
        }

        let mut error = false;

        match &strategy {
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Error => {
                for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
                    match ctx.db().identifier_reference().id().find(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete) {
                        None => {}
                        Some(row) => {
                            error = true;

                            let child_entries = vec![];

                            let id = &row.id;

                            entries.get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete).unwrap().push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                table_name: "identifier_reference".into(),
                                column_name: "id".into(),
                                strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Error,
                                row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                child_entries,
                            });
                        }
                    };
                }
            }
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::SetZero => {
                for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
                    match ctx.db().identifier_reference().id3().find(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete) {
                        None => {}
                        Some(mut row) => {
                            row.id3 = 0;

                            let child_entries = vec![];

                            let id = &row.id;

                            entries.get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete).unwrap().push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                table_name: "identifier_reference".into(),
                                column_name: "id3".into(),
                                strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::SetZero,
                                row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                child_entries,
                            });

                            ctx.db().identifier_reference().id().update(row);
                        }
                    };
                }
            }
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete => {
                for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
                    match ctx.db().identifier_reference().id2().find(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete) {
                        None => {}
                        Some(row) => {
                            let child_entries = vec![];

                            let id = &row.id;

                            entries.get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete).unwrap().push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                table_name: "identifier_reference".into(),
                                column_name: "id2".into(),
                                strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Delete,
                                row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                child_entries,
                            });

                            ctx.db().identifier_reference().id().delete(row.id);
                        }
                    };
                }
            }
            spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Ignore => {
                for primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete in primary_key_values_of_rows_of_another_table_to_delete {
                    match ctx.db().identifier_reference().id4().find(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete) {
                        None => {}
                        Some(row) => {
                            let child_entries = vec![];
                            let id = &row.id;
                            entries.get_mut(primary_key_value_of_a_row_of_another_table_to_delete).unwrap().push(spacetimedsl::DeletionResultEntry {
                                table_name: "identifier_reference".into(),
                                column_name: "id4".into(),
                                strategy: spacetimedsl::OnDeleteStrategy::Ignore,
                                row_value: format!("{0}", IdentifierId::new(id.clone())).into(),
                                child_entries,
                            });
                        }
                    };
                }
            }
        };

        match error {
            false => Ok(entries),
            true => Err(entries),
        }
    }
}
impl ExecuteOnDeleteStrategiesOfTheIdentifierReferenceTableAfterMultipleRowsOfTheIdentifierTableWereDeleted for spacetimedsl::internal::DSLInternals {}

📝 The `plural name` DSL attribute field

Found in: #[spacetimedsl::dsl(plural_name = entities)]

Required: ✅
Used in: DSL method names for #[index(btree)] columns

Get Many methods
Delete Many methods

🎯 Other DSL methods

Complete Method Coverage: Every DB method has an equivalent DSL method! 🎉

DSL methods generated by the example project

Example usage of the generated dsl methods

🪝 Hooks System

Execute custom logic automatically during database operations!

SpacetimeDSL supports hooks that run before and after insert, update, and delete operations. This enables:

✅ Custom validation beyond basic constraints
📊 Audit logging and tracking
🔔 Triggering side effects (notifications, related table updates)
🎯 Enforcing business rules across multiple tables
Setting defaults before insert/update by mutating the row

Syntax:

Add hook() configuration to your #[spacetimedsl::dsl] attribute:

#[spacetimedsl::dsl(
    plural_name = entities,
    method(update = true, delete = true),
    hook(before(update, delete), after(insert))
)]
#[spacetimedb::table(name = entity, public)]
pub struct Entity {
    #[primary_key]
    #[auto_inc]
    #[create_wrapper]
    id: u128,
    
    pub value: String,
    created_at: Timestamp,
    modified_at: Option<Timestamp>,
}

Hook Types:

🔜 before(insert) - Called before inserting a row
🔜 before(update) - Called before updating a row
🔜 before(delete) - Called before deleting a row
✅ after(insert) - Called after successfully inserting a row
✅ after(update) - Called after successfully updating a row
✅ after(delete) - Called after successfully deleting a row

Implementing Hook Functions:

Mark your hook functions with #[spacetimedsl::hook]:

use spacetimedsl::hook;

// After insert hook
#[hook]
pub fn after_entity_insert(dsl: &spacetimedsl::DSL<'_, T>, row: &Entity) -> Result<(), SpacetimeDSLError> {
    log::info!("Inserted entity with id={}", row.id());
    Ok(())
}

// Before update hook - has access to both old and new values and can Mutate the new row before the update occurs
#[hook]
pub fn before_entity_update(
    dsl: &spacetimedsl::DSL<'_, T>,
    old_row: &Entity,
    mut new_row: Entity
) -> Result<Entity, SpacetimeDSLError> {
    if new_row.get_value().is_empty() {
        return Err(SpacetimeDSLError::Error("Value cannot be empty".to_string()));
    }
    log::info!("Updating entity {} from '{}' to '{}'", 
        old_row.get_id(), old_row.get_value(), new_row.get_value());
    Ok(new_row)
}

// Before delete hook
#[hook]
pub fn before_entity_delete(dsl: &spacetimedsl::DSL<'_, T>, row: &Entity) -> Result<(), SpacetimeDSLError> {
    log::info!("Deleting entity with id={}", row.id());
    Ok(())
}

Hook Execution Timing:

⏰ before hooks run before the database operation
⏰ after hooks run after the database operation completes successfully
🚫 If a hook returns Err(SpacetimeDSLError), the operation is aborted and propagated
🔄 For update hooks, both the old row (current state) and new row (updated values) are provided

Error Handling:

When a hook returns an error:

🔙 For before hooks: the database operation is cancelled before any changes
⚠️ For after hooks: the row is already in the database, but the error is returned to the caller

Hook Naming Convention:

SpacetimeDSL expects hook functions to follow this naming pattern:

{before|after}_{table_name}_{insert|update|delete}

For a table named Entity, the expected function names are:

before_entity_insert, after_entity_insert
before_entity_update, after_entity_update
before_entity_delete, after_entity_delete

⚠️ Important Notes:

Hook functions must be in the same module as the table definition
Use the #[spacetimedsl::hook] attribute to mark hook implementations
Hooks work seamlessly with foreign keys and OnDeleteStrategy
For cascading deletes, delete hooks are called for each affected row

🔒 Hook-Method Compatibility:

Hooks require compatible method configuration:

❌ hook(before(update)) or hook(after(update)) requires method(update = true)
❌ hook(before(delete)) or hook(after(delete)) requires method(delete = true)
✅ Insert hooks always work (create methods are always generated)

// ❌ Invalid: update hook without update method
#[spacetimedsl::dsl(
    plural_name = entities,
    method(update = false, delete = true),
    hook(after(update))  // Compile error!
)]
pub struct Entity { /* ... */ }

// ✅ Valid: update hook with update method enabled
#[spacetimedsl::dsl(
    plural_name = entities,
    method(update = true, delete = true),
    hook(after(update))  // OK!
)]
pub struct Entity { /* ... */ }

See Method Configuration for details on enabling update/delete methods.

🎛️ Method Configuration

Explicit control over generated methods:

SpacetimeDSL requires you to explicitly specify which DSL methods to generate using the method() configuration:

#[spacetimedsl::dsl(
    plural_name = entities,
    method(update = true, delete = false)  // Generate update methods, but not delete methods
)]
#[spacetimedb::table(name = entity, public)]
pub struct Entity {
    // ... fields
}

Configuration Options:

🔄 update = true|false - Generate/skip update DSL methods
🗑️ delete = true|false - Generate/skip delete DSL methods
✨ Create and Get methods are always generated

Why Explicit Configuration?

Making these decisions explicit helps you:

🎯 Express intent clearly - Your code documents whether entities should be mutable
🔒 Prevent accidents - No accidental updates/deletes on immutable data
📊 Design better schemas - Think carefully about data lifecycle

Automatic Restrictions:

SpacetimeDSL validates your configuration and ensures consistency:

For update = true:

✅ Requires at least one non-private, updatable column OR
✅ A timestamp column named modified_at or updated_at (even if all other columns are private)
🔄 This allows updates that only refresh timestamps

For delete = true:

✅ Compatible with all table configurations
⚠️ Must be enabled if any foreign key uses on_delete = Delete strategy

Hook Constraints:

❌ hook(before(update)) or hook(after(update)) requires method(update = true)
❌ hook(before(delete)) or hook(after(delete)) requires method(delete = true)
🎯 This ensures hooks are never orphaned

Foreign Key Constraints:

❌ #[foreign_key(on_delete = Delete)] requires the table to have method(delete = true)
❌ #[foreign_key(on_delete = SetZero)] requires:
- The table to have method(update = true)
- The foreign key column to be non-private (public or pub(crate))

See Foreign Keys / Referential Integrity for detailed examples.

Example Patterns:

// Immutable audit log - never changes after creation
#[spacetimedsl::dsl(
    plural_name = audit_logs,
    method(update = false, delete = false)
)]
pub struct AuditLog { /* ... */ }

// User profiles - can be updated but never deleted
#[spacetimedsl::dsl(
    plural_name = user_profiles,
    method(update = true, delete = false)
)]
pub struct UserProfile { /* ... */ }

// Temporary cache entries - can be both updated and deleted
#[spacetimedsl::dsl(
    plural_name = cache_entries,
    method(update = true, delete = true)
)]
pub struct CacheEntry { /* ... */ }

Ready to try? 🚀

Add to your server modules Cargo.toml:

# https://crates.io/crates/spacetimedsl Ergonomic DSL for SpacetimeDB
spacetimedsl = { version = "*" }

Get started with #[spacetimedsl::dsl] and helper attributes:

✨ #[create_wrapper]
🔄 #[use_wrapper]
🔗 #[foreign_key]
📌 #[referenced_by]

⚠️ Current limitations

Using IndexScanRangeBounds / FilterableValue 🔄
SpacetimeDSL is not available in #[spacetimedb::view] functions until SpacetimeDB#3787 is merged and released.
- If you encounter that you can't access a method on the (Anonymous)ViewContext type because it's private, please follow these instructions: https://github.com/tamaro-skaljic/SpacetimeDSL/issues/90#issuecomment-3573925117 until SpacetimeDB#3754 is resolved and released.

❓ FAQ

❔ Why must #[primary_key] columns be private?

Currently, they are allowed to be public, until SpacetimeDB#3754 is resolved and released.

🔒 They should never change after insertion
DSL generates setters for non-private columns
Making them public would:
- ❌ Allow changes after creation via setters
- ❌ Allow direct struct member access
- ❌ Bypass wrapped types

📜 Licensing

SpacetimeDSL is dual-licensed under:

⚖️ MIT License
⚖️ Apache License (Version 2.0)

Open Source ❤️

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in this crate by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.

Dependencies

~9.5MB
~172K SLoC

8 breaking releases

✨ SpacetimeDSL

📑 Table of Contents

Core Unique Features

Enhanced Developer Experience

Implementation Details

Additional Information

🔧 Vanilla SpacetimeDB

⚠️ Problems with Vanilla SpacetimeDB

⚡ SpacetimeDB with SpacetimeDSL

🎨 The Create DSL method

🚨 The SpacetimeDSLError Type

⚠️ The Error variant

🔍 The NotFoundError variant

🔒 The UniqueConstraintViolation variant

📈 The AutoIncOverflow variant

🔗 The ReferenceIntegrityViolation variant

📊 The DeletionResult[Entry] Type

🎯 The OnDeleteStrategy Type

🏷️ The #[create_wrapper] and #[use_wrapper] attributes - aka Wrapper Types

🔄 Accessors (Getters and Setters)

🎲 Unique multi-column indices

🔗 Foreign Keys / Referential Integrity

🔧 Internals

📝 The plural name DSL attribute field

🎯 Other DSL methods

🪝 Hooks System

🎛️ Method Configuration

⚠️ Current limitations

❓ FAQ

📜 Licensing

Dependencies

🎨 The `Create` DSL method

🚨 The `SpacetimeDSLError` Type

⚠️ The `Error` variant

🔍 The `NotFoundError` variant

🔒 The `UniqueConstraintViolation` variant

📈 The `AutoIncOverflow` variant

🔗 The `ReferenceIntegrityViolation` variant

📊 The `DeletionResult[Entry]` Type

🎯 The `OnDeleteStrategy` Type

🏷️ The `#[create_wrapper]` and `#[use_wrapper]` attributes - aka Wrapper Types

📝 The `plural name` DSL attribute field