# Figure in brackets refers to data from a separate joint programme for schools with more than one degree that was ranked or placed outside the final table. 

† For Masters in Management, salary increase in the three years from completion to now. For MBA/EMBA, the average difference in alumni salary is between before the degree and now, three years after completion. 

‡ Faculty data are provided for information — taken from the most recent survey for a published ranking that the school took part in, which is the MBA, EMBA or Masters in Management 2023. 

* School was ranked outside the final table in 2023 for MBA, Executive Education, EMBA or Masters in Management. 

** School participated in this ranking on the basis of a joint programme. Underlying score based on proportion of total score.

Some 160 points separate the top programme, at the HEC Paris, from the school ranked 90. The schools are divided into four tiers. Business schools in tiers l and ll score above the average for the cohort, and tiers lll and lV are below it. The difference in scores between schools ranked consecutively is greater within tiers l and lV than in tiers ll and lll. Tier l includes 9 schools from HEC Paris to Essec Business School. Tier ll includes schools from EMLyon Business School, ranked 10th, to Tias Business School in 38th position. Tier lll, headed by BI Norwegian Business School spans schools ranked 39 to 77. Tier lV includes schools from University of Amsterdam in 78th place to DCU Business School at 90.