Sass source maps

This commits enables `sourceMapIncludeSources` when using the modern Sass API so that sources are included in generated
source map.

Closes #24394

(cherry picked from commit 27b22b0)

…use `globalThis`.

This commit changes how we set the `LOCALE_ID` when using the `localize` option

- We now include the locale setting snippet only in the main bundle.
- We use `globalThis` to set the the value globally and be accessible across module boundaries. This is important as in some causes such as when using MF `@angular/core` can be located in a bundles others than `main` and `vendor`.

(cherry picked from commit afe9fea)

…hen targeting Safari <=v15

This commits enables `@babel/plugin-proposal-private-methods` when targeting Safari <=v15 as this is needed to handle private class methods when using `@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties`.

Closes #24411

(cherry picked from commit 9737301)

…tyle does not exist in Karma builder

Prior to this change the the error was not displayed correctly due to compilation being undefined.

Closes #24416

(cherry picked from commit 8fd0849)

…timizations are enabled

When using the experimental esbuild-based browser application builder, the `ngDevMode` global
runtime variable was unintentionally always being set to false due to a previous bug fix that stopped
the variable from being replaced with the value of true when script optimizations were disabled.
By doing so, the fix caused the imported compiler-cli `GLOBAL_DEFS_FOR_TERSER_WITH_AOT` constant
to take precedence which contains an `ngDevMode` value of false. To prevent this situation for
development builds where a non-false `ngDevMode` is helpful to surface potential runtime problems,
`GLOBAL_DEFS_FOR_TERSER_WITH_AOT` will no longer change the value of `ngDevMode`. This fix does not
have any effect on production builds since `ngDevMode` would have been set to false regardless.

(cherry picked from commit 310144d)

Closes #24414