This is a carefully researched, beautifully written book about a place and an event that are both insignificant and universal. Royal, Nebraska is a dying prairie town. The school, post office, library, and Methodist church have closed their doors as the population declined. Young folks leave for more opportunities. The only ones left are those who are too old, too sick, or too odd to live elsewhere.
Everyone loves the idea of living in a small town, but few people understand the realities of living in a place where you have little choice of friends and no privacy at all. Resentments fester and feuds are common. As one local says, "Royal has always had a 'Hatfields and McCoys' reputation." And yet the people of Royal love their town and for a few years they had something that set them apart from their neighbors. They had an accredited zoo.
Dick Haskin was a serious, studious boy who wanted to get out of Royal. From the age of 12, he was fascinated by the study of primates in the wild. He planned to use his degree in life sciences from the University of Nebraska as a springboard to a career as a primatologist. He was offered an internship with at Dian Fossey's Karisoke Research Center in Rwanda, but Fossey's murder intervened and no other offers materialized.
He took a job at a small zoo in Lincoln, Nebraska, and used his free time to study the chimpanzees. He developed a close relationship with a young chimp named Reuben, teaching him American Sign Language. But Dick disliked the concept of zoos and he eventually acquired Reuben and headed back to Royal with the dream of founding a primate study center.
Amazingly, he managed to acquire other animals and to raise funds for housing for Reuben. A $55,000 contribution from Nebraska native-son Johnny Carson was both a financial windfall and a public relations prize. The tiny educational center operated on a shoestring, but was popular with locals and attracted attention from other parts of the state. But animal centers must meet strict federal and state standards to earn and keep a license. The strain of running a poorly-financed operation broke down Dick Haskin's health and he was forced to resign as director.
A Canadian couple with experience in zoo management took over and acquired three more chimps and other animals, doubling the number of animals on display. But they didn't know that the zoo was deeply in debt and had received warnings from government agencies about the conditions in which the animals lived. When they criticized Dick Haskin's management, the board of directors indignantly fired them. Royal was NOT putting up with know-it-all outsiders!
From then on, the zoo was run by untrained volunteers. Conditions (both financial and physical) deteriorated. On September 10, 2005, a volunteer failed to close a gate while the chimp enclosure was being cleaned and the four chimpanzees (all male) escaped. Two stayed on the zoo grounds, but two wandered into town.
Chimpanzees are extremely powerful and can be very aggressive. As one expert said, "If one chimp escapes, someone will be hurt. If two chimps escape, someone will be killed." There has never been an incident int he U.S. where four chimps escaped at the same time, with some of them leaving the zoo grounds. While the rest of the country was watching the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, this tiny town was having its own horrific emergency and no one there was trained for it.
The chapter that covers the escape of the four chimpanzees is hard to read. I was left weak-knee and very emotional. Many people savagely criticized the handling of the emergency, but the fact that there were no human casualties is a miracle. These untrained civilians dealt with the danger as best they could, with no time to think before they acted. It's easy to be wise after the fact. Everyone involved was scarred by the tragedy, but they moved on. What else can you do?
What happened in Royal sounds like a horror movie, but the plain fact is that the keeping of "exotic" animals, including very dangerous ones by private individuals and in unlicensed road-side zoos without trained staff is more common than we want to believe. The tragedy in Royal could easily be repeated in many communities across America.
This is an incredible book; investigative reporting at its very best. The author shows a real feel for the people in this tiny town. He presents their lives and opinions honestly, without ever being condescending or cruel. I'll be thinking about this book for a long time.