President Donald Trump has repeatedly proposed — and reneged on — plans to impose tariffs on other countries, giving whiplash to both consumers and the stock market. 

Tariffs are a tax that U.S. importers pay to the U.S. government. To make up for that tax, these importers either eat the costs or pass them along to you in the form of higher prices.

Imported packages valued under $800 are no longer protected under a rule known as the de minimis exemption, which had allowed them to enter the U.S. duty free. That rule already ended for Chinese imports back in May.  Dozens of countries have responded by announcing plans to suspend or restrict shipments to the U.S. 

Trump’s months-long plan to impose reciprocal tariffs on other countries finally went into effect in August. Countries around the world now face tariff rates of 10% to 50%, although certain goods may face different rates depending on trade agreements they have with the U.S.

Trump has also imposed universal tariffs on goods like cars, steel and aluminum during his second term. 

Here’s a list of the tariff rates on countries around the world:

Additional tariff rates and exceptions to the above list:

• 10% baseline tariff on all other countries not included in this list 

• 50% on all steel and aluminum imports, including hundreds of products that use these materials, with the exception of the U.K., which faces a lower tariff rate of 25% on these materials 

• 50% on copper products, including copper wire and cable

• 25% on imported vehicles and car parts

• 54% on Chinese imports worth under $800 

• 17% on Mexican tomatoes

• 10% on imports of potash (a popular fertilizer) from Canada and Mexico

• 10% on energy imports from Canada

• 0% on imports from Mexico and Canada, generally, if they are compliant with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement

Oct. 1: The Trump administration postpones plans to impose 100% tariffs on pharmaceuticals, a rate that was supposed to take effect on this date. 

Sept. 29: Trump says he will impose a 100% tariff on all movies made outside of the U.S. 

The White House announces a 10% tariff will be imposed on softwood lumber and timber, set to take effect mid-October. 

More details are released on Trump’s planned tariffs on furniture. 25% tariffs will be placed on kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities and upholstered wooden furniture instead of the higher rates he previously announced on Truth Social. These rates are also set to take effect in mid-October. 

Sept. 25: Trump says he plans to impose 100% tariffs on pharmaceuticals, 50% tariffs on kitchen cabinets and bathroom vanities, 30% tariffs on upholstered furniture and 25% on heavy trucks.

The Trump administration formally implements its trade agreement with the EU, lowering auto tariffs to 15% – a rate that applies retroactively from Aug. 1. Airplanes, generic pharmaceuticals and unavailable natural resources like cork are exempt from 15% tariffs and will instead face most-favored nation tariffs, which are zero or close to zero. 

Sept. 4: Trump signs an executive order lowering the tariff rate on Japanese auto car imports to 15%. 

Aug. 29: The de minimis exemption, a rule that allowed goods under $800 to enter the U.S. duty free, finally ends. The exemption already expired back in May for goods imported from China. Postal services can choose to pay a flat duty of $80 to $200, depending on the country of origin, for up to six months. Afterwards, they have to pay the tariff rate. 

A federal appeals court finds that most of Trump’s tariffs on other countries are illegal, but allows them to stay in place until mid-October. 

Aug. 27: Trump’s 25% tariff on India — imposed after the country purchased Russian oil — takes effect, bringing India’s total tariff rate to 50%. 

Aug. 25: Trump threatens to impose tariffs on countries with digital taxes or regulations that he says are harming American tech companies. 

Aug. 21: The U.S. and the European Union release a framework of the trade deal that had been announced in July. The deal includes a 15% tariff on most EU goods. EU car imports will face that lowered 15% rate only after they formalize their tariff plans.

In return, the EU will “provide preferential market access for a wide range of U.S. seafood and agricultural goods” and remove tariffs on all industrial goods. The EU will also purchase $750 billion worth of U.S. energy and invest $600 billion in the country.

Aug. 18: Trump expands his 50% steel and aluminum tariffs to include 407 additional products that use these materials.  

Aug. 12: The U.S. agrees to extend its temporary trade deal with China for another 90 days. 

Back in May, the two countries agreed to a 90-day trade deal, temporarily lowering tariff rates on each other’s imports. The U.S. lowered tariffs on most Chinese goods from 145% to 30%, while China lowered rates on U.S. imports from 125% to 10%. Those percentages will now remain the same. 

Aug. 7: Trump’s reciprocal tariff rates on dozens of countries, ranging between about 15% and 40%, take effect. 

Aug. 6: Trump’s 50% punitive tariff on goods from Brazil takes effect, although there are some exceptions for imports such as orange juice and aircraft. 

Trump signs an executive order that will place a 25% tariff on India for purchasing Russian oil, a duty that Trump had threatened to impose last month. That duty is set to take effect in 21 days, which will bring India’s total tariff rate to 50%. 

Trump also announces plans to impose a 100% tariff on computer chip imports. 

Aug. 1: Trump’s 35% tariff on Canada and 50% tariff on copper products take effect. 

July 31: Trump signs an order pushing back the start date for reciprocal tariffs from Aug. 1 to Aug. 7, with some exceptions. Trump signs an executive order raising Canada’s tariff rate from 25% to 35%, which will take effect on Aug. 1 as planned.

Trump’s plan to impose 30% tariffs on Mexico is postponed after he agrees to a 90-day trade deal extension with the country. 

The U.S. reaches trade deals with South Korea and Pakistan, which will lower their tariff rates. These rates are set to take effect on the postponed date. The tariff rate on South Korean goods drops from 25% to 15%, and South Korea agrees to invest $350 billion in the U.S. 

Tariffs on goods from Pakistan are reduced from 29% to 19%. In exchange, Pakistan will allow the U.S. to develop its oil reserves. 

July 30: Trump signs an executive order imposing 50% tariffs on products made with copper, including copper pipes and wires, but holds back on applying duties to raw copper. 

Trump also says he will place a 25% tariff on India after the country purchased Russian oil. Trump says purchases like these are helping to prolong the war in Ukraine. Trump also signs an executive order to justify 50% tariffs on Brazil, which will take effect in a week. 

July 27: The U.S. and the EU reach a trade agreement, with most EU goods now set to face a tariff rate of 15% instead of the 30% that were expected to take effect on Aug. 1. The EU will in turn invest $600 billion in the U.S. and purchase $750 billion worth of U.S. energy exports. 

July 22: Trump announces trade deals with the Philippines, Japan and Indonesia. Trump says the Philippines will now face a tariff rate of 19%, instead of the expected 20%, while the Philippines will not place tariffs on imported U.S. goods. Trump also says Japan’s tariff rate will drop from 25% to 15%, while Japan will invest $550 billion in the U.S. at his direction and open its country to U.S. cars, trucks and agricultural products such as rice. Indonesia’s tariff rate will drop from 32% to 19%, and in exchange Indonesia will eliminate tariffs on nearly all U.S. goods. 

July 15: Trump says that he will place tariffs of more than 10% on smaller countries in Africa and the Caribbean. 

July 14: The U.S. places a 17% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico after ending a deal that had kept these imports from the country duty-free.  

Trump also threatens to place “severe tariffs” on Russia if the country can’t reach a peace deal with Ukraine in 50 days. 

July 12: Trump says he will place 30% tariffs on the EU and Mexico, which will take effect on Aug. 1. 

July 11: Trump threatens to place 35% tariffs on Canadian goods, set to take effect on Aug. 1. 

July 9: Trump threatens to impose a 50% tariff on Brazil because of what he calls a “witch hunt” against the country’s former president, Jair Bolsonaro. Bolsonaro faces trial for allegedly attempting a coup to stay in power after his 2022 election loss. Trump continues to send letters to countries, such as Libya and the Philippines, with new tariff rates of at least 20%. Those are also set to take effect starting on Aug. 1.

Trump also announces plans to impose 50% tariffs on copper imports. 

July 7: The White House announces that Trump has sent letters to more than a dozen countries informing them of their new reciprocal tariff rates, set to take effect on Aug. 1. Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and Kazakhstan will face a tariff rate of 25%, South Africa will face a tariff rate of 30%, Indonesia will face a tariff rate of 32% and Myanmar and Laos will face a tariff rate of 40%. If they raise their tariffs in response, the U.S. will raise its tariffs on those countries by that percentage, in addition to the new tariff rate.

July 6:  With Trump’s reciprocal tariff plan set to go into effect soon, Trump announces that the U.S. will start delivering letters to other countries on what their new, higher tariff rates will be if they haven’t struck a trade deal. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick says reciprocal tariffs will go into effect on Aug. 1. 

July 2: Trump strikes a trade deal with Vietnam that entails a 20% tariff on Vietnamese imports and a 40% tariff on Vietnamese goods that originated from a different country. Vietnam will not place any tariffs on U.S. imports. Vietnamese imports would have faced a 46% tariff under Trump’s reciprocal tariff plan, which was put on hold back in April.

June 4:  Trump raises the tariff rate on nearly all steel and aluminum imports from 25% to 50%, although imports from the U.K. will remain at 25%.

May 29: A federal appeals court temporarily allows Trump’s sweeping tariffs to remain in place. 

May 28: A federal court rules that Trump does not have the authority to impose sweeping tariffs on imported goods.  

May 25: Trump postpones his plan to impose a 50% tariff on EU imports from June to July. 

May 23: Trump threatens to impose a 50% tariff on goods from the EU at the beginning of June and a 25% tariff on smartphones by the end of June. 

May 14: The 90-day U.S.-China trade deal goes into effect.

May 12: The U.S. and China hash out a 90-day trade deal. The U.S. will lower the tariff rate on most Chinese goods from 145% to 30%. Lower-priced packages under $800 will see their tariff rate reduced from 120% to 54%, or face a flat rate of $100 instead of $200. Meanwhile, China will lower the tariff rate on U.S. goods from 125% to 10%. 

May 8: The U.S. and the U.K. reach a trade deal that will lower tariffs on British car imports to 10% on up to 100,000 cars, although the deal has yet to be formalized. The U.S. will also remove tariffs on imported U.K. steel and aerospace parts like airplane engines from Rolls Royce. In turn, the U.K. will remove tariffs on U.S. ethanol up to 1.4 billion liters and lower tariffs on U.S. products like olive oil, wine and sports equipment. The average tariff on U.S. goods will now stand at 1.8%. Both the U.K. and the U.S. will also allow the other to export beef into their respective countries. 

May 5: The White House, following up on Trump’s film tariff announcement, tells The Hollywood Reporter that “no final decisions on foreign film tariffs have been made.”

May 4: Trump announces he’s placing a 100% tariff on movies that are produced in other countries. 

May 3: Trump’s 25% tariff on imported auto parts goes into effect.

May 2: Trump ends a tariff loophole that allowed packages worth under $800 to be imported tax-free. 

April 29: Auto manufacturers who import autos and auto parts that face 25% tariffs no longer face 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum or on imports from Canada and Mexico, according to an executive order from Trump. Trump also allows auto manufacturers who import auto parts to receive tariff reimbursements worth 3.75% of the retail price of a U.S.-made car. This offer will last until April 30, 2026. Afterwards, the reimbursement will decline to 2.5% and last for another year.

April 22: The U.S. Commerce Department announces plans to impose tariffs of up to 3,521% on four South East Asian countries, which include Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

April 13: U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick tells ABC’s news show “This Week” that the electronics exemptions are temporary and that they will face “semiconductor tariffs” within the next couple of months. Trump says there are no tariff “exceptions,” and that the electronic products that appeared to be exempt on April 11 are still subject to duties, but at a 20% rate. 

April 11: Smartphones, computers and other electronic devices appear to be excluded from Trump’s reciprocal tariffs, according to updated guidance published by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

China increases its retaliatory tariffs against the U.S. to 125%. 

April 10: The White House clarifies that China will face a minimum tariff rate of 145%, not 125%. Trump is imposing a 125% tariff rate on top of an already-existing 20% rate he imposed earlier this year. 

April 9: Trump’s reciprocal tariffs go into effect, but Trump later decides to postpone tariffs on 75 countries for 90 days. Trump also announces he will impose a tariff rate of 125% on Chinese imports. China announces it will impose 84% retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods starting April 10, while the EU says it will impose 25% tariffs on U.S. goods in waves starting on April 15.

The White House says imports on goods from Mexico and Canada will continue to face 25% tariffs if they are not USMCA compliant, and that its 10% tariff rate on energy and potash will remain in effect. 

Canada imposes 25% tariffs on American vehicles that are not compliant with USMCA.

April 8: The White House announces that Trump will impose a total tariff rate of 104% on Chinese imports, which includes the 20% the administration already imposed this year and an additional 84% rate set to go into effect April 9.

April 5: A 10% baseline tariff on nearly all imported goods goes into effect.

April 3: 25% tariffs on imported vehicles go into effect.

April 2: Trump announces a 10% baseline tariff rate on all countries, along with a higher rate of up to 54% on select countries. Trump is planning to impose a total tariff rate of 54% on China, including the 20% it already faces; 46% on Vietnam; 32% on Taiwan; and 20% on the EU.

The Trump administration confirms that the planned 25% tariffs on automobiles will take effect on April 3 and the tariffs on auto parts are set to go into effect on May 3.

March 26: Trump announces that he will place 25% tariffs on all automobiles and auto parts.

March 20: The EU will delay plans to reinstate tariffs that were set to go into effect on April 1, the first of two planned batches of tariffs on U.S. products. The first set of tariffs, which are set to hit products like motorcycles, bourbon and jeans, will now go into effect in mid-April.

March 16: Trump states he has “no intention” to offer any exemptions on the 25% aluminum and steel tariffs that are in effect. He also says that reciprocal tariffs and additional tariffs on autos, steel and aluminum will go into effect on April 2.

March 13: Trump threatens to place a 200% tariff on imported alcohol from the EU if the bloc doesn’t reverse its plans to impose tariffs on U.S. whiskey.

March 12: Trump’s planned steel and aluminum tariffs go into effect. His administration reinstates 25% tariffs on all steel imports and raises tariffs on all aluminum imports to 25%. 

In response, the EU announces that it will impose retaliatory tariffs on $28 billion worth of U.S. goods. The EU is set to impose them in two batches. On April 1, the EU is set to lift a suspension on tariffs that were in place from 2018 to 2020, which will hit products like motorcycles, bourbon and jeans. The EU will then impose additional tariffs on April 13. Proposed products include steel and aluminum, textiles, home appliances and agricultural products.

Canada is also planning to impose tariffs on $21 billion worth of U.S. goods, including tableware. stoves, fishing equipment and machinery, which will take effect on March 13. The United States’ trading partner has already imposed 25% tariffs on $30 billion worth of goods, which includes certain types of meat, wine, orange juice, pajamas and footwear. 

March 11: The premier of Ontario, Canada, agrees to halt a 25% surcharge on electricity that the province supplies to Minnesota, New York and Michigan. Trump says he will double tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum imports to 50%, but rolls back his plan after the premier backs down on plans to impose a surcharge on Canadian electricity.

March 10: In response to Trump’s tariffs, the premier of Ontario, Canada, announces that Ontario will charge 25% more for the electricity it supplies to Minnesota, New York and Michigan. 

March 6: Trump postpones 25% tariffs on products from Canada and Mexico for one month if they are USMCA compliant, while lowering the tariff rate on potash, a popular fertilizer, from 25% to 10% if it’s imported from Canada or Mexico. 

However, Canada is committed to keeping retaliatory tariffs on U.S. imports in place. Canada has a plan to set 25% tariffs on $155 billion worth of imported U.S. goods, and has already imposed tariffs on $30 billion worth of goods.

March 5: The Trump administration announces that U.S. automakers are exempt from tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico for one month, as long as they follow rules set forth by the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. 

March 4: Planned 25% tariffs on products from Canada and Mexico go into effect, ending the 30-day pause on these taxes, although Canadian energy faces a lower tariff rate of 10%. The Trump administration also slaps an additional 10% tariff on China, meaning Chinese imports now face a tariff of 20%. 

China announces it will impose 15% tariffs on U.S. imports, including chicken, pork, soy and beef, that will take effect on March 10. These tariffs are on top of the 10%-15% tariffs China imposed in February. 

During a joint address to Congress, Trump also says the U.S. might impose a 25% tariff on copper. 

Canada announces it plans to move forward with its plans to set 25% tariffs on $155 billion worth of imported U.S. goods, and has already imposed tariffs on $30 billion worth of goods. That $30 billion worth of goods includes certain types of meat, wine, orange juice, pajamas and footwear. 

Feb. 27: The EU says it will fight Trump’s plan to impose 25% tariffs on EU imports, targeting the U.S. bourbon, jean and motorcycle industries. 

Feb. 26: Trump threatens to impose 25% tariffs on imports from the EU. Trump says the planned 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico will go into effect on April 2, although a White House official walks back that claim and says they’re still set to go into effect in early March. 

Feb. 13: Trump signs a memorandum calling for the development of a reciprocal tariff plan. These reciprocal tariffs would ensure that U.S. tariff rates on other countries match the rates that countries have imposed on U.S. exports. 

Feb. 10: China’s retaliatory tariffs on the U.S. go into effect. The country imposes a 15% tariff on coal and liquefied natural gas products, and a 10% tariff on crude oil, agricultural machinery and large-engine cars. 

Trump announces plans to reinstate 25% tariffs on steel imports and raise tariffs on aluminum imports to 25% “without exceptions” on March 12. 

Feb. 4:  Trump’s 10% tariffs on China go into effect. China announces it plans to retaliate against the U.S. by imposing a 15% tariff on coal and liquefied natural gas products, and a 10% tariff on crude oil, agricultural machinery and large-engine cars. 

Feb. 3: Trump agrees to a deal with Canada and Mexico, pausing 25% tariffs on both countries for 30 days, but tariffs on China are set to go into effect. Canada agrees to appoint a fentanyl “czar” and create a joint strike force with the U.S. to tackle organized crime, fentanyl and money laundering, according to a tweet from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Mexico agrees to reinforce the U.S.-Mexico border with 10,000 troops from its National Guard to curb drug trafficking, especially fentanyl. 

Trump hints the EU could also face tariffs. 

Feb. 1: The White House announces that Trump is planning to impose 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico, and a 10% tariff on China, which are set to take effect on Feb. 4.  Energy from Canada, specifically, will face a 10% tariff. 

Mexico announces it plans to respond with its own tariffs against the U.S., although it does not specify what those tariffs will look like. Canada says it plans to impose 25% tariffs on $155 billion worth of goods. 

Jan. 20: Trump announces that he plans to put 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico, on Feb. 1. While Trump threatened to place tariffs on China prior to Inauguration Day, he does not mention any concrete plans for China.