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Aburact—Propagation delay across long on-chip buses is signifcant
when adjacent wires are tansioning in opposte direction (he. crustal
transitions) as compared fo transitioning inthe same direction. By ex-
PloltingFibonaccl number syste, we proposes family of Fibonacdl coding
techniques for erossalk avoidance, relate them to some of the existing
crosstalk avoidance techniques, and show how the encoding logle of one
{echnique can be modiied to generate codewords of theater technique.
Index Terms—On-ehip bus, vost, Fibonacel coding.
1. Ixrropucrios
Inthe deep submicrometer CMOS process technolog
ect resistance, length, and inter-wire capacitance are increasing sig-
nificantly, which contribute to large on-chip interconnect propagation
delay [1] 2]. Data transmitted over interconnect determine the props-
gation delay and the delay is very significant when adjacent wires are
transitioning in oppesite directions (Le. erosstalk transitions) as com-
pared to transitioning in the same direction,
Several techniques have been proposed in literature to eliminate
crosstalk transitions, A simple technigue to eliminate crosstalk tansi-
tions is to inser a shield wire between every air of adjacent wires [3].
As there is no activity on shield wires, the shielding (SHD) technique
completely eliminates crosstalk transitions.
‘Abstracted from the concept of shielding, forbidden transition
coding (FTC) technique with/without memory is proposed in [4]. For
32-bit data, both memory-based and memory-less PTC techniques
‘require 40 and 46 wires, respectively, as compared to 63 wires required
by the SHD technique. Note tht the memory-based FTC technique is
very complex as compared to the memory-less PTC technique
Forbidden pattern coding (FPC) technique [5] prohibits 010 and 101
patterns from codewords, which in um eliminates crosstalk: transitions
i requires $2 wires fora 32-bit bus.
No adjacent transition (NAT) coding is proposed in (6)
(nbeA)-NAT codes, where 7 is the dataword width, 1 is the
codeword width, and / is the maximum number of 1s allowed in
codewords, are designed in such a way that no two adjacent Is are
present in codewords. NAT codes are transmitted using the transition
signaling technique (7]. For n-bit codewords, the maximum number
of (nyt) (-¢Clurt 11.1), C1 § |n/2), (6)
Whea ? — “(1/2 the cardinality of the (n.0,#)-NAT codeword set
is fy. where fs the mth Fibonacei number.
By relating Fibonaeci number system to erosstalk-fre codes, we
proposed a crosstalk-ree bus encoding technique [8] and provided a
Fecursve procedure to generate such codes. Crosstall-fre codes gen-
crated in [8] are same as tht of the memory-less FTC technique 4
By combining the ideas of [4], [5]. (8, efficient codec desig for
crosstalk avoidance are proposed in [9 [10], In forbidden transition
free crosstalk avoidance eoding (PTF-CAC) [9], data are encoded using
Fibonacci number system in such a way that O1 or 10 on two adjacent
Manuscript rcsved June 13, 2010; revised November 19, 2010, May 30
2011; aceeped July 04, 2011. Date of publication August O4, 2011; dat of
tuten ersion Jy 19, 2012,
'M. Muyam is wih tbe Department of Computer Science and Enginserng,
Indian Tasuite of Techaology Madras, Chena 600036, Tadis (-m
‘mad @ eset...
Digital Object eater 10.1109/TVLSL201 12162010,