What is an applet?

- Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displa
yed by a java capable browser.
What is the difference between applications and applets?
- a)Application must be run on local machine whereas applet needs no explicit in
stallation on local machine. b)Application must be run explicitly within a java-
compatible virtual machine whereas applet loads and runs itself automatically in
a java-enabled browser. d)Application starts execution with its main method whe
reas applet starts execution with its init method. e)Application can run with or
without graphical user interface whereas applet must run within a graphical use
r interface.
How does applet recognize the height and width?
- Using getParameters() method.
When do you use codebase in applet?
- When the applet class file is not in the same directory, codebase is used.
What is the lifecycle of an applet?
- init() method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded start() method -
Can be called each time an applet is started. paint() method - Can be called whe
n the applet is minimized or maximized. stop() method - Can be used when the bro
wser moves off the applet s page. destroy() method - Can be called when the browse
r is finished with the applet.
How do you set security in applets?
- using setSecurityManager() method
What is JDBC?
- JDBC is a set of Java API for executing SQL statements. This API consists of a
set of classes and interfaces to enable programs to write pure Java Database ap
plications.
What are drivers available?
- a) JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver b) Native API Partly-Java driver c) JDBC-Net Pure J
ava driver d) Native-Protocol Pure Java driver
What is the difference between JDBC and ODBC?
- a) OBDC is for Microsoft and JDBC is for Java applications. b) ODBC can t be dir
ectly used with Java because it uses a C interface. c) ODBC makes use of pointer
s which have been removed totally from Java. d) ODBC mixes simple and advanced f
eatures together and has complex options for simple queries. But JDBC is designe
d to keep things simple while allowing advanced capabilities when required. e) O
DBC requires manual installation of the ODBC driver manager and driver on all cl
ient machines. JDBC drivers are written in Java and JDBC code is automatically i
nstallable, secure, and portable on all platforms. f) JDBC API is a natural Java
interface and is built on ODBC. JDBC retains some of the basic features of ODBC
.
What are the types of JDBC Driver Models and explain them?
- There are two types of JDBC Driver Models and they are: a) Two tier model and
b) Three tier model Two tier model: In this model, Java applications interact di
rectly with the database. A JDBC driver is required to communicate with the part
icular database management system that is being accessed. SQL statements are sen
t to the database and the results are given to user. This model is referred to a
s client/server configuration where user is the client and the machine that has
the database is called as the server. Three tier model: A middle tier is introdu
ced in this model. The functions of this model are: a) Collection of SQL stateme
nts from the client and handing it over to the database, b) Receiving results fr
om database to the client and c) Maintaining control over accessing and updating
of the above.
What are the steps involved for making a connection with a database or how do yo
u connect to a database?
a) Loading the driver : To load the driver, Class. forName() method is used. Cla
ss. forName( sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver ); When the driver is loaded, it regist
ers itself with the java. sql. DriverManager class as an available database driv
er. b) Making a connection with database: To open a connection to a given databa
se, DriverManager. getConnection() method is used. Connection con = DriverManage
r. getConnection ( jdbc:odbc:somedb , user , password ); c) Executing SQL statements : To
execute a SQL query, java. sql. statements class is used. createStatement() meth
od of Connection to obtain a new Statement object. Statement stmt = con. createS
tatement(); A query that returns data can be executed using the executeQuery() m
ethod of Statement. This method executes the statement and returns a java. sql.
ResultSet that encapsulates the retrieved data: ResultSet rs = stmt. executeQuer
y( SELECT * FROM some table ); d) Process the results : ResultSet returns one row at
a time. Next() method of ResultSet object can be called to move to the next row
. The getString() and getObject() methods are used for retrieving column values:
while(rs. next()) { String event = rs. getString( event ); Object count = (Integer)
rs. getObject( count );
What type of driver did you use in project?
- JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver (is a driver that uses native(C language) libraries an
d makes calls to an existing ODBC driver to access a database engine).
What are the types of statements in JDBC?
- Statement: to be used createStatement() method for executing single SQL statem
ent PreparedStatement To be used preparedStatement() method for executing same S
QL statement over and over. CallableStatement To be used prepareCall() method fo
r multiple SQL statements over and over.
What is stored procedure?- Stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that fo
rms a logical unit and performs a particular task. Stored Procedures are used to
encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on database. Stored proce
dures can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results and may
have any combination of input/output parameters.
How to create and call stored procedures?- To create stored procedures: Create p
rocedure procedurename (specify in, out and in out parameters) BEGIN Any multipl
e SQL statement; END; To call stored procedures: CallableStatement csmt = con. p
repareCall( {call procedure name(?,?)} ); csmt. registerOutParameter(column no. , da
ta type); csmt. setInt(column no. , column name) csmt. execute();
What is servlet?
- Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented servers, such as ja
va-enabled web servers. For example, a servlet might be responsible for taking d
ata in an HTML order-entry form and applying the business logic used to update a
company s order database.
What are the classes and interfaces for servlets?
- There are two packages in servlets and they are javax. servlet and
What is the difference between an applet and a servlet?
- a) Servlets are to servers what applets are to browsers. b) Applets must have
graphical user interfaces whereas servlets have no graphical user interfaces.
What is the difference between doPost and doGet methods?
- a) doGet() method is used to get information, while doPost() method is used fo
r posting information.
 b) doGet() requests can t send large amount of information and is limited to 240
-255 characters. However, doPost()requests passes all of its data, of unlim
ited length.
c) A doGet() request is appended to the request URL in a query string and this
allows the exchange is visible to the client, whereas a doPost() request passes
directly over the socket connection as part of its HTTP request body and the ex
change are invisible to the client.
What is the life cycle of a servlet?
- Each Servlet has the same life cycle: a) A server loads and initializes the se
rvlet by init () method. b) The servlet handles zero or more client s requests thr
ough service() method. c) The server removes the servlet through destroy() metho
d.
Who is loading the init() method of servlet?
- Web server
What are the different servers available for developing and deploying Servlets?
- a) Java Web Server b) JRun g) Apache Server h) Netscape Information Server i)
Web Logic
How many ways can we track client and what are they?
- The servlet API provides two ways to track client state and
they are: a) Using Session tracking ; b) Using Cookies ; (c) URL rewriting ; (d)
Hidden Files
What is session tracking and how do you track a user session in servlets?
- Session tracking is a mechanism that servlets use to maintain state about a se
ries requests from the same user across some period of time. The methods used fo
r session tracking are: a) User Authentication - occurs when a web server restri
cts access to some of its resources to only those clients that log in using a re
cognized username and password. b) Hidden form fields - fields are added to an H
TML form that are not displayed in the client s browser. When the form containing
the fields is submitted, the fields are sent back to the server. c) URL rewritin
g - every URL that the user clicks on is dynamically modified or rewritten to in
clude extra information. The extra information can be in the form of extra path
information, added parameters or some custom, server-specific URL change. d) Coo
kies - a bit of information that is sent by a web server to a browser and which
can later be read back from that browser. e) HttpSession- places a limit on the
number of sessions that can exist in memory. This limit is set in the session. m
axresidents property.

What are cookies and how will you use them?

- Cookies are a mechanism that a servlet uses to have a client hold a small amou
nt of state-information associated with the user. a) Create a cookie with the Co
okie constructor: public Cookie(String name, String value) b) A servlet can send
a cookie to the client by passing a Cookie object to the addCookie() method of
HttpServletResponse: public void HttpServletResponse. addCookie(Cookie cookie) c
) A servlet retrieves cookies by calling the getCookies() method of HttpServletR
equest: public Cookie[ ] HttpServletRequest. getCookie().
Is it possible to communicate from an applet to servlet and how many ways and ho
w?- Yes, there are three ways to communicate from an applet to servlet and they
are: a) HTTP Communication(Text-based and object-based) b) Socket Communication
c) RMI Communication
What is connection pooling?
- With servlets, opening a database connection is a major bottleneck because we
are creating and tearing down a new connection for every page request and the ti
me taken to create connection will be more. Creating a connection pool is an ide
al approach for a complicated servlet. With a connection pool, we can duplicate
only the resources we need to duplicate rather than the entire servlet. A connec
tion pool can also intelligently manage the size of the pool and make sure each
connection remains valid. A number of connection pool packages are currently ava
ilable. Some like DbConnectionBroker are freely available from Java Exchange Wor
ks by creating an object that dispenses connections and connection Ids on reques
t. The ConnectionPool class maintains a Hastable, using Connection objects as ke
ys and Boolean values as stored values. The Boolean value indicates whether a co
nnection is in use or not. A program calls getConnection() method of the Connect
ionPool for getting Connection object it can use; it calls returnConnection() to
give the connection back to the pool.
Why should we go for interservlet communication?
- Servlets running together in the same server communicate with each other in se
veral ways. The three major reasons to use interservlet communication are: a) Di
rect servlet manipulation - allows to gain access to the other currently loaded
servlets and perform certain tasks (through the ServletContext object) b) Servle
t reuse - allows the servlet to reuse the public methods of another servlet. c)
Servlet collaboration - requires to communicate with each other by sharing speci
fic information (through method invocation)
Is it possible to call servlet with parameters in the URL?
- Yes. You can call a servlet with parameters in the syntax as (?Param1 = xxx ||
m2 = yyy).
What is Servlet chaining?
- Servlet chaining is a technique in which two or more servlets can cooperate in
servicing a single request. In servlet chaining, one servlet s output is piped to
the next servlet s input. This process continues until the last servlet is reache
d. Its output is then sent back to the client.
How do servlets handle multiple simultaneous requests?
- The server has multiple threads that are available to handle requests. When a
request comes in, it is assigned to a thread, which calls a service method (for
example: doGet(), doPost() and service()) of the servlet. For this reason, a sin
gle servlet object can have its service methods called by many threads at once.
What is the difference between TCP/IP and UDP?
- TCP/IP is a two-way communication between the client and the server and it is
a reliable and there is a confirmation regarding reaching the message to the des
tination. It is like a phone call. UDP is a one-way communication only between t
he client and the server and it is not a reliable and there is no confirmation r
egarding reaching the message to the destination. It is like a postal mail.
What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI object?
- Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allows java object that executes on one machine
and to invoke the method of a Java object to execute on another machine. The st
eps involved in developing an RMI object are: a) Define the interfaces b) Implem
enting these interfaces c) Compile the interfaces and their implementations with
the java compiler d) Compile the server implementation with RMI compiler e) Run
the RMI registry f) Run the application
What is RMI architecture?
- RMI architecture consists of four layers and each layer performs specific func
tions: a) Application layer - contains the actual object definition. b) Proxy la
yer - consists of stub and skeleton. c) Remote Reference layer - gets the stream
of bytes from the transport layer and sends it to the proxy layer. d) Transport
ation layer - responsible for handling the actual machine-to-machine communicati
on.
what is UnicastRemoteObject?
- All remote objects must extend UnicastRemoteObject, which provides functionali
ty that is needed to make objects available from remote machines.
Explain the methods, rebind() and lookup() in Naming class?
- rebind() of the Naming class(found in java. rmi) is used to update the RMI reg
istry on the server machine. Naming. rebind( AddSever , AddServerImpl);
lookup() of the Naming class accepts one argument, the rmi URL and returns a ref
erence to an object of type AddServerImpl.
What is a Java Bean?
- A Java Bean is a software component that has been designed to be reusable in a
variety of different environments.
What is a Jar file?
- Jar file allows to efficiently deploying a set of classes and their associated
resources. The elements in a jar file are compressed, which makes downloading a
Jar file much faster than separately downloading several uncompressed files. Th
e package java. util. zip contains classes that read and write jar files.
What is BDK?
- BDK, Bean Development Kit is a tool that enables to create, configure and conn
ect a set of set of Beans and it can be used to test Beans without writing a cod
e.
What is JSP?
- JSP is a dynamic scripting capability for web pages that allows Java as well a
s a few special tags to be embedded into a web file (HTML/XML, etc). The suffix
traditionally ends with .jsp to indicate to the web server that the file is a JS
P files. JSP is a server side technology - you can t do any client side validation
with it. The advantages are: a) The JSP assists in making the HTML more functio
nal. Servlets on the other hand allow outputting of HTML but it is a tedious pro
cess. b) It is easy to make a change and then let the JSP capability of the web
server you are using deal with compiling it into a servlet and running it.
What are JSP scripting elements?
- JSP scripting elements lets to insert Java code into the servlet that will be
generated from the current JSP page. There are three forms: a) Expressions of th
e form <%= expression %> that are evaluated and inserted into the output, b) Scr
iptlets of the formthat are inserted into the servlet s service method, and c) Dec
larations of the form <%! Code %>that are inserted into the body of the servlet
class, outside of any existing methods.
What are JSP Directives?
- A JSP directive affects the overall structure of the servlet class. It usually
has the following form:<%@ directive attribute= value %> However, you can also com
bine multiple attribute settings for a single directive, as follows:<%@ directiv
e attribute1= value1? attribute 2= value2? . . . attributeN = valueN %> There are two m
ain types of directive: page, which lets to do things like import classes, custo
mize the servlet superclass, and the like; and include, which lets to insert a f
ile into the servlet class at the time the JSP file is translated into a servlet
What are Predefined variables or implicit objects?
- To simplify code in JSP expressions and scriptlets, we can use eight automatic
ally defined variables, sometimes called implicit objects. They are request, res
ponse, out, session, application, config, pageContext, and page.
What are JSP ACTIONS?
- JSP actions use constructs in XML syntax to control the behavior of the servle
t engine. You can dynamically insert a file, reuse JavaBeans components, forward
the user to another page, or generate HTML for the Java plugin. Available actio
ns include: jsp:include - Include a file at the time the page is requested. jsp:
useBean - Find or instantiate a JavaBean. jsp:setProperty - Set the property of
a JavaBean. jsp:getProperty - Insert the property of a JavaBean into the output.
jsp:forward - Forward the requester to a newpage. Jsp: plugin - Generate browse
r-specific code that makes an OBJECT or EMBED
How do you pass data (including JavaBeans) to a JSP from a servlet?
- (1) Request Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans, a request dispatcher
(using either include or forward ) can be called. This bean will disappear after pr
ocessing this request has been completed. Servlet: request. setAttribute( theBean ,
myBean); RequestDispatcher rd = getServletContext(). getRequestDispatcher( thepage
. jsp ); rd. forward(request, response); JSP PAGE:<jsp: useBean id= theBean scope= requ
est class= . . . . . />(2) Session Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans tha
t are relevant to a particular session (such as in individual user login) over a
number of requests. This bean will disappear when the session is invalidated or
it times out, or when you remove it. Servlet: HttpSession session = request. ge
tSession(true); session. putValue( theBean , myBean); /* You can do a request dispat
cher here, or just let the bean be visible on the next request */ JSP Page:<jsp:
useBean id= theBean scope= session class= . . . /> 3) Application Lifetime: Using this
echnique to pass beans that are relevant to all servlets and JSP pages in a part
icular app, for all users. For example, I use this to make a JDBC connection poo
l object available to the various servlets and JSP pages in my apps. This bean w
ill disappear when the servlet engine is shut down, or when you remove it. Servl
et: GetServletContext(). setAttribute( theBean , myBean); JSP PAGE:<jsp:useBean id= th
eBean scope= application class= . . . />
How can I set a cookie in JSP?- response. setHeader( Set-Cookie , cookie string ); To g
ive the response-object to a bean, write a method setResponse (HttpServletRespon
se response) - to the bean, and in jsp-file:<% bean. setResponse (response); %>
How can I delete a cookie with JSP?
- Say that I have a cookie called foo, that I set a while ago & I want it to go a
way. I simply: <% Cookie killCookie = new Cookie( foo , null); KillCookie. setPath( / );
killCookie. setMaxAge(0); response. addCookie(killCookie); %>
How are Servlets and JSP Pages related?
- JSP pages are focused around HTML (or XML) with Java codes and JSP tags inside
them. When a web server that has JSP support is asked for a JSP page, it checks
to see if it has already compiled the page into a servlet. Thus, JSP pages beco
me servlets and are transformed into pure Java and then compiled, loaded into th
e server and executed
What makes J2EE suitable for distributed multitiered Applications?
- The J2EE platform uses a multitiered distributed application model. Applicatio
n logic is divided into components according to function, and the various applic
ation components that make up a J2EE application are installed on different mach
ines depending on the tier in the multitiered J2EE environment to which the appl
ication component belongs. The J2EE application parts are:
Client-tier components run on the client machine.
Web-tier components run on the J2EE server.
Business-tier components run on the J2EE server.
Enterprise information system (EIS)-tier software runs on the EIS server.
What is J2EE?
- J2EE is an environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications. T
he J2EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfac
es (APIs), and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multitier
ed, web-based applications.
What are the components of J2EE application?
- A J2EE component is a self-contained functional software unit that is assemble
d into a J2EE application with its related classes and files and communicates wi
th other components. The J2EE specification defines the following J2EE component
s:
Application clients and applets are client components.
Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technology components are web components.
Enterprise JavaBeans components (enterprise beans) are business components.
Resource adapter components provided by EIS and tool vendors.
What do Enterprise JavaBeans components contain?
- Enterprise JavaBeans components contains Business code, which is logic that so
lves or meets the needs of a particular business domain such as banking, retail,
or finance, is handled by enterprise beans running in the business tier. All th
e business code is contained inside an Enterprise Bean which receives data from
client programs, processes it (if necessary), and sends it to the enterprise inf
ormation system tier for storage. An enterprise bean also retrieves data from st
orage, processes it (if necessary), and sends it back to the client program.
Is J2EE application only a web-based?
- No, It depends on type of application that client wants. A J2EE application c
an be web-based or non-web-based. if an application client executes on the clien
t machine, it is a non-web-based J2EE application. The J2EE application can prov
ide a way for users to handle tasks such as J2EE system or application administr
ation. It typically has a graphical user interface created from Swing or AWT API
s, or a command-line interface. When user request, it can open an HTTP connectio
n to establish communication with a servlet running in the web tier.
Are JavaBeans J2EE components?
- No. JavaBeans components are not considered J2EE components by the J2EE specif
ication. They are written to manage the data flow between an application client
or applet and components running on the J2EE server or between server components
and a database. JavaBeans components written for the J2EE platform have instanc
e variables and get and set methods for accessing the data in the instance varia
bles. JavaBeans components used in this way are typically simple in design and i
mplementation, but should conform to the naming and design conventions outlined
in the JavaBeans component architecture.
Is HTML page a web component?
- No. Static HTML pages and applets are bundled with web components during appl
ication assembly, but are not considered web components by the J2EE specificatio
n. Even the server-side utility classes are not considered web components, eithe
r.
What can be considered as a web component? - J2EE Web components can be either s
ervlets or JSP pages. Servlets are Java programming language classes that dynami
cally process requests and construct responses. JSP pages are text-based documen
ts that execute as servlets but allow a more natural approach to creating static
content.
What is the container?
- Containers are the interface between a component and the low-level platform s
pecific functionality that supports the component. Before a Web, enterprise bean
, or application client component can be executed, it must be assembled into a J
2EE application and deployed into its container.
What are container services?
- A container is a runtime support of a system-level entity. Containers provide
components with services such as lifecycle management, security, deployment, an
d threading.
What is the web container?
- Servlet and JSP containers are collectively referred to as Web containers. It
manages the execution of JSP page and servlet components for J2EE applications.
Web components and their container run on the J2EE server.
What is Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) container?
- It manages the execution of enterprise beans for J2EE applications.
Enterprise beans and their container run on the J2EE server.
What is Applet container?
- IManages the execution of applets. Consists of a Web browser and Java Plugin r
unning on the client together.
How do we package J2EE components?
- J2EE components are packaged separately and bundled into a J2EE application fo
r deployment. Each component, its related files such as GIF and HTML files or se
rver-side utility classes, and a deployment descriptor are assembled into a modu
le and added to the J2EE application. A J2EE application is composed of one or m
ore enterprise bean,Web, or application client component modules. The final ente
rprise solution can use one J2EE application or be made up of two or more J2EE a
pplications, depending on design requirements. A J2EE application and each of it
s modules has its own deployment descriptor. A deployment descriptor is an XML d
ocument with an .xml extension that describes a component s deployment settings.
What is a thin client?
- A thin client is a lightweight interface to the application that does not hav
e such operations like query databases, execute complex business rules, or conne
ct to legacy applications.
What are types of J2EE clients?
- Following are the types of J2EE clients:
Applets
Application clients
Java Web Start-enabled rich clients, powered by Java Web Start technology.
Wireless clients, based on Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology.