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Antennas

This document contains 5 exercises on antenna design and analysis: 1. Derive the normalization condition for antenna gain. 2. Analyze an antenna with a given gain pattern, including deriving an expression for maximum gain and computing gain for given beam widths. 3. Compute the minimum receiving voltage for a cell phone antenna in a circular cell covered by 3 transmitting antennas, given antenna parameters and transmitter power. 4. Design a broadside array with omni-directional horizontal coverage and directive vertical pattern for 850MHz, including plotting the array factor. 5. Design a rectangular patch antenna at 1850MHz for a given impedance using inset feed, and compute its frequency response and pattern when used in

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Christian Manuel Palacio Roya
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350 views

Antennas

This document contains 5 exercises on antenna design and analysis: 1. Derive the normalization condition for antenna gain. 2. Analyze an antenna with a given gain pattern, including deriving an expression for maximum gain and computing gain for given beam widths. 3. Compute the minimum receiving voltage for a cell phone antenna in a circular cell covered by 3 transmitting antennas, given antenna parameters and transmitter power. 4. Design a broadside array with omni-directional horizontal coverage and directive vertical pattern for 850MHz, including plotting the array factor. 5. Design a rectangular patch antenna at 1850MHz for a given impedance using inset feed, and compute its frequency response and pattern when used in

Uploaded by

Christian Manuel Palacio Roya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercises on antennas

Course on Transmission Lines and Antennas

May 18, 2011

RR
1. Derive the normalization condition for gain (valid for any antenna): GdΩ = 4πη.

2. An antenna has a gain pattern approximated as:



G0 |θ − π/2| ≤ θw /2, |φ − φ0 | ≤ φw /2
g(θ, φ) =
0 otherwise

and a ohmic efficiency η.

(a) Derive an expression for the maximum gain G0 as a function of the beam widths θw and φw by enforcing
the normalization condition above.
(b) Compute G0 in linear units and dB for θw = φw = 10◦ and η = −2dB.

3. A GSM circular cell with a maximum diameter of 17 km is covered by three identical antennas working at
1800MHz with a pattern approximately described by the expression in exercise 2 with θw =12◦ , φw =120◦ ,
η =-0.5dB and φ0 = 0, 120◦ and 240◦ .
Each antenna in the base station has an input power P in =15W. Considering as receiver a handset equipped
with an antenna having G = −1dB and impedance 50Ω and a maximum polarization mismatch of -3dB,
compute the minimum open terminal voltage at the receiving antenna.
4. It is required to design an antenna for broadcasting in horizontal polarization that has almost omni-directional
coverage in the horizontal plane and directive pattern in the vertical plane.

(a) Design a broadside array with minimum complexity (i.e. minimum number of elements) having FNBW
≤ 15◦ and avoiding grating lobes at 850MHz. Use a computer to plot the array factor in a relevant plane
to check conformance to specs.
(b) Consider that the elementary radiator is a half-wavelength dipole whose pattern can be approximated by
the following expression (valid only when dipole lies along ẑ):

V0
Eθ = sin3/2 θ
r
i. Draw a schematic of the whole array indicating clearly the horizontal plane and locations and orien-
tations of elements.
ii. Find the E and H planes of the overall antenna.
iii. Compute the expressions for the field on these planes and use a computer to plot them.

5. (a) Design a rectangular patch antenna at 1850MHz having Rin = 50Ω using inset feed, i.e. compute L, W
and l. Substrate parameters are h = 1/20 inch, r = 2.33.
(b) Compute the frequency response of |S1,1 |dB by using the transmission line model with Rs = 2Rrad in a
band ±10% around the resonant frequency above. What is the 10dB-bandwidth (in percent)?
(c) Compute and plot the resulting pattern when the patch designed is used as basic element in the array of
the previous exercise.

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