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NGOs and Development in Bangladesh

An NGO is an organization that operates independently of any government. They originated from the UN and engage in areas like human rights, the environment, and development. Bangladesh has over 27,000 registered NGOs that work in sectors like education, health, microfinance, and disaster relief. NGOs in Bangladesh help target services to the poor and advocate for issues that directly affect them.

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164 views20 pages

NGOs and Development in Bangladesh

An NGO is an organization that operates independently of any government. They originated from the UN and engage in areas like human rights, the environment, and development. Bangladesh has over 27,000 registered NGOs that work in sectors like education, health, microfinance, and disaster relief. NGOs in Bangladesh help target services to the poor and advocate for issues that directly affect them.

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non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any

form of government. The term originated from the United Nations (UN) Generally engaged in human rights, environmental, or development work.
A

27,000 registered with MSA, 1600 with NAB 90% of villages have an NGO (2000) One large NGO claimed to have reached 70% of villages and 70 million people (2003) Largest NGOs employ 10 to 70 thousand staff members About 10% of ODA channeled through NGOs Business entrepreneurs: cell phones, dairy, publishing, handicrafts

Bangladesh began as a nearly failed state in 1971 due to civil war and cyclones of 1972 Recurrent floods and cyclones (1988 and 1991) Donors poured resources into NGOs NGOs moved from humanitarian relief and reconstruction to development tasks NGOs moved from consciousness raising to service provision Donors encouraged self-sufficiency

NGOs are reasonably successful in targeting services to the poor (small share of non-poor get benefits) Primary education is a good example (HIES 2000)
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
1% 18% 28% 15% 14% 25% 25% 23% 20% 20% 14% Go vernment 17% 10% Go vt Subsidized N GO o perated 44% 14% 19% M adrasa 27% 23% 19% 12% 10% 10% P rivate and Others 27% 16% 49%

Fifth quintile Fourth quintile Third quintile Second quintile First quintile

Most NGO advocacy focuses on issues directly affecting the poor (violence, land rights etc) with numerous successful examples of pro-poor change. A number of NGOs are involved in issues that challenge Government policies more directly (e.g. anti-corruption, human rights).

Basic Statistics of NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh (2011)

Effects of microcredit on Bangladesh helps the poor people in the following sectorsAgriculture Fisheries Poultry Dairy Household Livestock Building small hotels Buying household things

NGOs in this sector:

The government invited the NGOs to implement the governments NFE program in 1991. Increasing rate of female education compared to girls who dont go to school, NGO girl students have 22% higher reading scores compared to girls who dont go to school. It is also 8 % higher than the students of GOB schools.

BRAC is providing education in many areas of Bangladesh through BRAC school CARE has developed the CHOLEN pilot project, which supports Chittagong Hill Tracts basic and girls education. And many more.

>90% of TB services through NGOs. Remarkable activities on sanitation and safe water in rural areas. Primary health knowledge. Immunization programme

Total aid to NGO has remained stable at around 0.7% of GDP this is during a period when total aid to Bangladesh has fallen from 5% of GDP (1990-95) to 3% of GDP since 1995.
Total ODA, Funding to NGOs and Share of GDP
2,000 30.0 25.0

Total aid to Government

US$ million

1,500 Share of aid to NGOs 1,000 500 0 Aid as share of GDP Total aid to NGOs

20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

19 90 19 91 91 19 92 92 19 93 93 19 -94 94 19 95 95 19 96 96 19 97 97 19 98 9 19 8 99 99 -2 0 20 0 0 00 20 01 01 20 02 02 -0 3

NGO-linked commercial enterprises common in other countries typically as separate legal entities Here NGO businesses are registered under numerous laws resulting in controversy with private sector

For instance impact of NGO schools on test scores is highly significant (e.g. BRAC schools) NGO presence in a village contributes to a 20% point difference in malnutrition rates probably due to the interaction effect of micro-credit on consumption, nutritional education and nutritional supplements. On cost-effectiveness, there is evidence that certain key programs e.g. TB, micro-credit and primary schooling, are most cost-effective when delivered by NGOs.

In 1978 the Foreign Donations (Voluntary Activities) Regulation Ordinance was promulgated. The NGOs have been working alongside of Government. For example: CARE and BRAC

One key factor is role of Government. Compared to other countries GOB has provided far greater space for NGO activity. Macro-economic stability and sustained growth has contributed to the success of micro-finance.

Tough for Government alone to perform all the development activities. NGOs can play a vital role. Can bring sustainable change working in collaboration with Gov. Bangladesh face the challenge of allowing NGOs flexibility and creativity while ensuring good governance.

THANK YOU

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