Jzsef Wildt International Mathematical Competition

The Edition XXIV

th
, 2014
1
The solution of the problems W.1 - W.41 must be mailed before 30. September 2014, to Mihly Bencze,
str. Hrmanului 6, 505600 Scele - Ngyfalu, Jud. Braov, Romania, E-mail: [email protected]
W1. Let a, b N, with b 2. If a 0 (mod b), then
{
a
b
}
=
{
a 1
b
}
+
1
b
.
If a 0 (mod b), then
{
a 2
b
}
= 1
2
b
.
Michael Th. Rassias
W2. Let V
1
, V
2
and V
3
be three subspaces of a vectorial space V of dimension n. Prove that
1
n
(
dim(V
1
) + dim(V
2
) + dim(V
3
) dim(V
1
V
2
V
3
)
)
2
Jos Luis Daz-Barrero
W3. Let A be a 3 3 real orthogonal matrix with det(A) = 1. Compute
(trA1)
2
+

i<j
(a
ij
a
ji
)
2
Jos Luis Daz-Barrero
W4. A sequence of integers {a
n
}
n1
is given by the conditions a
1
= 1, a
2
= 12, a
3
= 20, and
a
n+3
= 2a
n+2
+ 2a
n+1
a
n
for every n 1. Prove that for every positive integer n, the number
1 + 4a
n
a
n+1
is a perfect square.
Jos Luis Daz-Barrero
W5. Let f : R R be the function dened by
f(x) = ln(x +

1 + x
2
) + (1 + x
2
)
1/2
x(1 + x
2
)
3/2
and suppose that for the reals a < b is ln
(
f(b)
f(a)
)
= b a. Show that there exists c (a, b) for which
holds
2c
2
= 1 + (1 + c
2
)
5/2
ln(c +

1 + c
2
)
Jos Luis Daz-Barrero
W6. Let D
1
be set of strictly decreasing sequences of positive real numbers with rst term equal to
1.For any x
N
:= (x
1
, x
2
, ..., x
n
, ...) D
1
prove that

n=1
x
3
n
xn+4xn+1

4
9
and nd the sequence for which equality occurs.
Arkady Alt
1
Received 15.04.2014
2000 Mathematics Subject Classication. 11-06.
Key words and phrases. Contest.
W7. Let ABC be a right triangle with right angle in C and let be intersection point of bisectors
AA
1
, BB
1
of acute angles A and B, respectively.
Find the right triangle with greatest value of ratio of the "bisectoria" quadrilateral A
1
CB
1
I area to the
triangle ABC area.
Arkady Alt
W8. Let
(x, y, z) = 2xy + 2yz + 2zx x
2
y
2
z
2
.
Find all triangles with sidelengths a, b, c such that (a
n
, b
n
, c
n
) > 0 for any n N.
Arkady Alt
W9. Let R, r and s be, respectively,circumradius, inradius and semiperimeter of a triangle.
a) Prove inequality R
2
4r
2

1
5

(
s
2
27r
2
)
;
b) Find the maximum value for constant K such that inequality R
2
4r
2
K
(
s
2
27r
2
)
holds for any
triangle;
c) Find the lim
R2r
R
2
4r
2
s
2
27r
2
.
Arkady Alt
W10. Let a, b and c be positive numbers such that a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ 2abc = 1. Prove that

cyc

a
(
1
b
b
)(
1
c
c
)

3
2

cyc
c(ab + c)
2abc + a
2
+ c
2
Paolo Perfetti
W11. Let a, b and c be positive numbers such that a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ 2abc = 1. Prove that

cyc

a
(
1
b
b
)(
1
c
c
)

(
3
2
)
3/2

cyc
c(ab + c)(2abc + a
2
+ b
2
)
a(bc + a)(2abc + c
2
+ b
2
)
Paolo Perfetti
W12. Evaluate

/2
0
(ln(1 + tan
4
))
2
2 cos
2

2 (sin(2))
2
d
Answer:
4

2
C +
13
3
24

2
+
9
2
ln
2
2

2

3
2

2
ln 2

2
C =

k=0
(1)
k
(2k+1)
2
=

1
0
arctan x
x
dx 0, 915916 is the Catalan constant.
Paolo Perfetti
W13. Show that x
x
1 xe
x1
(x 1) for 0 x 1.
Paolo Perfetti
W14. Calculate

1
0

1
0
ln(1 x) ln(1 xy)dxdy.
Ovidiu Furdui
W15. Calculate

k=1
(
1 +
1
2
+ +
1
k
ln
(
k +
1
2
)

)
.
Ovidiu Furdui
W16. Calculate

1
0
xln
(
1 + x

1 x
)
ln
(
1 + x +

1 x
)
dx.
Ovidiu Furdui
W17. Let a R
+, b,c(1,)
and f, g : R R be continuous and odd functions. Prove that:
a

a
f (x) ln
(
b
g(x)
+ c
g(x)
)
dx = ln (bc)
a

0
f (x) g (x) dx.
D.M. Btineu-Giurgiu and Neculai Stanciu
W18. Prove that if m, n (0, ) , then in any triangle ABC with usual notations holds:
ma
2
+ nb
2
a + b c
+
mb
2
+ nc
2
b + c a
+
mc
2
+ na
2
c + a b
2 (m + n) s
D.M. Btineu-Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu and Titu Zvonaru
W19. If n N, n 3, a, b, c, d, x
k
R

k
, k = 1, n, x
n+1
= x
1
such that
(
n

k=1
1
x
k
)
n

k=1
x
k
d,
then prove that:
n

k=1
(
ax
n1
k
+ bx
n1
k
+ c
) x
3
k
+ x
3
k+1
x
2
k
+ x
k
x
k+1
+ x
2
k+1

2n
3d
((a + b) d + cn)
n

k=1
x
k
D.M. Btineu-Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu and Titu Zvonaru
W20. Let a, b, and c denote the side lengths of a triangle. Show that

cyc
40bc
5a
2
5(b + c)
2
+ 48bc

29
11
+

cyc
bc
(b + c)
2
a
2
.
Pl Pter Dlyay
W21. Let m and n be positive integers, and let A
1
, A
2
, . . . , A
m
be open subsets of R, each of them
with n connected components such that for any 1 i < j m we have A
i
A
j
= . Show that if
m = 2n + 1, then there exist three dierent positive integers i, j, and k not greater than m such that
A
i
A
j
A
k
= .
Pl Pter Dlyay
W22. Let R, r, and s be the circumradius, the inradius, and the semiperimeter of a triangle,
respectively. Show that
(4R + r)
3
s
2
(16R 5r).
When holds the equality?
Pl Pter Dlyay
W23. A, B matrices in M
n
(C) , C = AB BA suppose AC = CA , BC = BC
t R, m(t) = exp (t (A + B)) exp (tA) exp (tB)
Express m(t) only with C
Moubinool Omarjee
W24. Find all (x, y, z) Q
3
, such that
x
y
+
y
z
+
z
x
= 0
Moubinool Omarjee
W25. y Q, y
2
N nd the radius of convergence of the power series

n1
x
n
|sin (ny)|
Moubinool Omarjee
W26. Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral. We note that AC = e and BD = f. Denoted by r
a
, r
b
, r
c
respectively r
d
the radii of the incircles of the triangles BCD, CDA, DAB respectively ABC. Prove the
following equality:
e
(
r
2
a
+ r
2
c
)
= f
(
r
2
b
+ r
2
d
)
Nicuor Minculete and Ctlin Barbu
W27. In any convex quadrilateral ABCD with lengths of sides given as AB = a, BC = b, CD = c
respectiv DA = d and S the area. Prove that
(3a + b + c + d)
n
+ (a + 3b + c + d)
n
+ (a + b + 3c + d)
n
+
+(a + b + c + 3d)
n
2
n+8
2
3
n

S
for every n N
.
Nicuor Minculete
W28. For x, y, z R

, we note
E (x, y, z) = (x + y + z)
(
1
x
+
1
y
+
1
z
)
.
a). If x, y, z R so that x y z > 0 and min (x; y; z) + max (x; y; z) 0, prove that
E (x; y; z) E (min (x; y; z) ; min (x; y; z) ; max (x; y; z))
b). If x, y, z R so that x y z > 0, min (x; y; z) < 0 and min (x; y; z) + max (x; y; z) 0 prove that
E (x; y; z) 1.
Ovidiu Pop
W29. Let m N

, I R, I interval, f : I R be a function, m times dierentiable on I and the

distinct knots x
0
, x
1
, ..., x
m
I. Prove that f I exists so that
[x
0
, x
1
, ..., x
m
; f]
(
1 + (m + 1)
x
0
+ x
1
+ ... + x
m
V (x
0
, x
1
, ..., x
m
)
)
=
1
m!
f
(m)
() ,
where V (x
0
, x
1
, ..., x
m
) is the Vandermonde determinant and [x
0
, x
1
, ..., x
m
; f] is the divided dierence
of the function f on the knots x
0
, x
1
, ..., x
n
.
Ovidiu Pop
W30. Let x Poisson (2) be a random variable. Find all the values n N

so that:
P
({
|| |x() 2|
2
n
})

128
n
2
Laureniu Modan
W31. If a
k
> 0 (k = 1, 2, ..., n) , then
(
1 +
1
n
n

k=1
a
k
) n
n
k=1
a
k

1 +
n

k=1
a
k

1
n

n
k=1
a
k

1 +
n
n

k=1
1
a
k

1
n
n

k=1
1
a
k
Mihly Bencze
W32. If 0 < a b then
ln
b (2a + )
a (2b + )
<
b

a
arctgx
x
2
dx <

2
ln
b (a + 2)
a (b + 2)
Mihly Bencze
W33. If x
i
1 (i = 1, 2, ..., n) and k N

, then
n

i=1
1
1 + x
i

cyclic
1
1 +
n+k1

x
k
1
x
2
x
3
...x
n
Mihly Bencze
W34. If a
i
> 0 (i = 1, 2, ..., n) and k N

, then
n

i=1
a
k1
i
(1 + a
k
)
n(k1)+
k(k+1)
2
1

n(1 + a
1
)
2
(1 + a
2
)
3
... (1 + a
n
)
n+1
(n + k)
n+k
a
1
a
2
...a
n
Mihly Bencze
W35. If x
i
1 (i = 1, 2, ..., n) and k N

, then

cyclic
(
x
k
1
x
2
...x
n

1
x
k
1
x
2
...x
n
)
(n + k 1)
n

i=1
(
x
i

1
x
i
)
Mihly Bencze
W36. If a
i
> 0 (i = 1, 2, ..., n) , k N, k 2 then
1).

cyclic
1
a1+a2+...+an1

k
n

i=1
a
k1
i
k

(k1)
k1
(n1)
k1
n

i=1
a
k
i
2).

cyclic
1
a
k1
1
+a
k1
2
+...+a
k1
n1

k
n

i=1
ai
k

(k1)
k1
(n1)
n

i=1
a
k
i
Mihly Bencze
W37. If a, b, c > 0 then

(
a
4
+ 3b
4
+ 3a
2
c
2
+ 3b
2
c
2
)

a
3
a
3
+ (b + c)
3

(

a
2
)
2
Mihly Bencze
W38. If n, k N

, then
k
(
1 +
1
2
+ ... +
1
n
)
+ (k 1)
(
1
n + 1
+ ... +
1
n
2
)
+ (k 2)
(
1
n
2
+ 1
+ ... +
1
n
3
)
+ ...
+2
(
1
n
k2
+ 1
+ ... +
1
n
k1
)
+
(
1
n
k1
+ 1
+ ... +
1
n
k
)

k (k + 1)
2
ln n +
1
2
(
k +
n
k
1
(n 1) n
k
)
Mihly Bencze
W39. Prove that
n(n + 1) (n + 2)
3
<
n

k=1
1
ln
2
(
1 +
1
k
) <
n
4
+
n(n + 1) (n + 2)
3
Mihly Bencze
W40. Prove that
n

k=1
ln
(
1 +
1
k
)
2k + 1
<
n
n + 1
< 2
n

k=1
1
(2k + 1) ln (2k + 1)
Mihly Bencze
W41. Let be x
0
= 0, x
1
= 1 and x
n+2
= (2n + 5) x
n+1

(
n
2
+ 4n + 3
)
x
n
for all n N. Prove that:
1). x
n
N for all n N
2). x
4n
is divisible by n(4n)!
3). x
4n+1
is divisible by (n + 1) (4n + 1)!
Gyrgy Szllsy