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Prove That A Finite Integral Domain Is A Field. Answer

The document proves that a finite integral domain is a field by showing that: 1) It has an identity element. 2) Every non-zero element has a multiplicative inverse. It takes an integral domain D, shows 1 is the identity element, and that for any non-zero a in D there exists an inverse b such that ab=1, proving D is a field.

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377 views

Prove That A Finite Integral Domain Is A Field. Answer

The document proves that a finite integral domain is a field by showing that: 1) It has an identity element. 2) Every non-zero element has a multiplicative inverse. It takes an integral domain D, shows 1 is the identity element, and that for any non-zero a in D there exists an inverse b such that ab=1, proving D is a field.

Uploaded by

hayerpa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prove that a finite integral domain is a field.

Answer
We know that in the integral domain we have ab=0=>a=0 or b=0. Now it suffices to show that every
non-zero element has a multiplicative inverse. Let D be an integral domain. Now we show
1) There exists 1D such that a.1 = a for all aD,
2) 0aD => there exists bD such that ab=1.
Let D=*x1,x2,.,xn+ and 0aD. Now x1a, x2a,,xna are all distinct ( if xia=xja, then (xixj)a=0=>xi-xj=0=>xi=xj(since a0)).
Therefore D=*x1a,x2a,.,xna+. Since aD, a= xka for some 1<=k<=n.
Again since D is commutative, we have xka=a=axk.
We show xk is the identity element. For this, let yD then y=xia for some i.
Now consider u.xk=(xia)xk=xi(axk)=xia=y.
Thus yxk=y for all yD, therefore xk is the identity element.
For xkD={x1a,x2a,,xna+=>xk=xja for some 1<=j<=n.
Therefore xj is the multiplicative inverse of a. hence D is a field.

Prove that If S is any subset of a vector space V, then L(S) is a subspace of V.


Answer
Notation used:
A= alpha
B= Beta
Let V,W L(S) and A,BF.
Since V,W L(S), we have that
V=A1V1++AnVn and W=B1W1+..+BmWm for some ViS,AiF for 1<=i<=n and
WjS, BjF for 1<=j<=m.
Now
AV+BW=A(A1V1+.+AnVn)+B(B1W1+..+BmWm)=AA1V1+AA2V2++AANVN+BB1W1+BB
2W2++BBMWM , is a linear combination of elements from S.
Hence AV+BVL(S). this shows that L(S) is a subspace of V.

Show that [P ^ (P v Q)] v ~P is a Tautology.


Answer
P

PvQ

P^(PvQ)

~P

[P^(PvQ)]v~P

Hence from above we can conclude that [P ^ (P v Q)] v ~P is always TRUE . Hence it is TAUTOLOGY.

Convert the following statements into symbolic language


(i) All beautiful birds are ornately colored.
(ii) Birds that do not live on honey are dull in color.
Answer
Let
B(x): x is beautiful
D(x): x is a bird
O(x): x is ornately colored
H(x): x lives on honey
1) Symbol for x is beautiful bird is D(x) ^ B(x).
The statement All beautiful birds are ornately colored , is equivalent to
(x)((D(x)^B(x))O(x)) in symbolic way.
2) Given statement is Birds that do not live on honey are dull in color
~H(x) , denotes x do not have on honey
Therefore D(x)^~H(x) denotes that x is a bird and it does not live on honey.
Also ~O(x) denotes x is dull in color.
Therefore the given statement can be written in symbols as
(x)(D(x)^~H(x)~O(x))

If A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {4, 5, 6} and C = {6, 7}, then find the following
(i) (A B) X (B C)
(ii) (A X B) (B X C)

Answer
1) (A-B) = {2,3,4}-{4,5,6}
= {2, 3}
(B-C) = {4, 5, 6}-{6, 7}
= {4, 5}
(A B) X (B C) = {2,3} X {4,5}
= {(2,4),(2,5),(3,4),(3,5)}

2) A X B = {(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6)}
B X C = {(4,6),(4,7),(5,6),(5,7),(6,6),(6,7)}
(A X B) (B X C) = {(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,4),(4,5)}

Find the domain and range of the function x = 1/ 2-cos3x


Answer
Notation used
Theta = @
Domain:
Since cos@ lies between -1 and +1.
i.e -1<=cos@<=1, we have
-1 <= cos3x <= 1, for @= 3x
2-(-1)>=2-cos3x>= 2-1
3>= 2-cos3x >= 1
1<= 2-cos3x <= 3 for all real x
Hence f(x) is defined for all x R
Hence domain of f = R
Range:
Let f(x) = y 1/ 2=cos3x
=y2-cos3x = 1/y
cos3x = 2- 1/y
But -1<= cos3x <= 1
Therefore -1 <= 2 1/y <= 1
-1-2 <= - 1/y <= 1-2
-3 <= - 1/y <= -1
3 >= 1/y >= 1
1/3 <= y <= 1
y [1/3 , 1]
So range of f = [1/3 , 1]

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