Filter Design
LAB MANUAL
B.E (ECE), IV/I
Department of Electronics and Communication
PKC
LABORATORY RULES
Reports should include:
Name and Roll number of student
Name, purpose, theory and the procedure of experiment
Grading will be as follows:
Experiments:
Viva:
Performance:
Final Examination:
25%
25%
10%
40%
List of Experiments:
I.
II.
Analysis and design of filter circuits using computer simulation
Butterworth Filter Using Matlab
III.
Chebyshev Type I filter design
IV.
Chebyshev Type II filter design
Experiment 01:
Analysis and design of filter circuits using computer simulation
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. Matlab
2. Simulink
Simulation Procedure:
Write fdatool in the command window.
>> fdatool
This tool allows one to construct filters of different types:
Lowpass, HighPass, Bandpass and Bandstop together with different designs like Butterworth,
ChebyshevI, Chebyshev II and Elliptic filters (IIR) or FIR filters using window methods among
other techniques. We can of course specify very high orders or choose from 16 different
windows. The frequency specification need sampling frequency and frequencies for passband
and stopband. These need to be written either as frequency[Hz] or as normalized between 0 and
1. In the menu one can find other useful things like: impulse responses, step responses, pole/zero
map, filter coefficients, magnitude and phase characteristics. This tool also provides possibilty to
import filters or export a variable to the command window/ or as a block to Simulink or even
generate a m-file.
Now let us export our filter to Simulink.
Enter File-> Export to Simulink Model
Give the Block used in the Simulink environment a name: LP_Filter
Press the button Realize Model at the bottom.
Simulink starts and an mdl-file is opened with our filter there
Let us now apply some signals to the filter to see how it performs.
If you are curious you can also double-click on the Filter icon to see how its Block diagram looks
like
Output waveform:
Experiment 02:
Butterworth Filter Using Matlab
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. Matlab
INTRODUCTION
Butterworth filters have a magnitude response that is maximally flat in the passband and
monotonic overall. This smoothness comes at the price of decreased rolloff steepness. Elliptic
and Chebyshev filters generally provide steeper rolloff for a given filter order.
Syntax:
[b,a] = butter(n,Wn)
[b,a] = butter(n,Wn,ftype)
[z,p,k] = butter( ___ )
Algorithm:
1. Find the lowpass analog prototype poles, zeros, and gain using the function buttap.
2. Convert the poles, zeros, and gain into statespace form.
3. If required, use a statespace transformation to convert the lowpass filter into a bandpass,
highpass, or bandstop filter with the desired frequency constraints.
4. For digital filter design, use bilinear to convert the analog filter into a digital filter through a
bilinear transformation with frequency prewarping.
Careful frequency adjustment enables the analog filters and the digital filters to have the same
frequency response magnitude at Wn or at w1 and w2.
MATLAB PROGRAM
Output:
Waveform:
EXERCISES
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Butterworth Low Pass Filter Matlab Program
Butterworth High Pass Filter
Butterworth Band Pass Filter
Butterworth Band Reject Filter
Experiment 03:
Chebyshev Type I filter design Using Matlab
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. Matlab
INTRODUCTION
Chebyshev Type I filters are equiripple in the passband and monotonic in the stopband. Type I
filters roll off faster than Type II filters, but at the expense of greater deviation from unity in the
passband.
Syntax:
[b,a] = cheby1(n,Rp,Wp)
[b,a] = cheby1(n,Rp,Wp,ftype)
[z,p,k] = cheby1(___)
Algorithms
1.
2.
3.
It finds the lowpass analog prototype poles, zeros, and gain using the function cheb1ap.
It converts the poles, zeros, and gain into state-space form.
If required, it uses a state-space transformation to convert the lowpass filter to a highpass,
bandpass, or bandstop filter with the desired frequency constraints.
4.
For digital filter design, it uses bilinear to convert the analog filter into a digital filter
through a bilinear transformation with frequency prewarping. Careful frequency adjustment
enables the analog filters and the digital filters to have the same frequency response
magnitude at Wp or w1 and w2.
5.
It converts the state-space filter back to transfer function or zero-pole-gain form, as
required.
MATLAB PROGRAM
Output:
Waveform:
EXERCISES
I.
II.
Chebyshev Type I Low Pass Filter Matlab Program
Chebyshev Type I Band Pass Filter
Experiment 04:
Chebyshev Type II filter design Using Matlab
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. Matlab
INTRODUCTION
Chebyshev Type II filters are monotonic in the passband and equiripple in the stopband. Type II
filters do not roll off as fast as Type I filters, but are free of passband ripple.
Syntax:
[b,a] = cheby2(n,Rs,Ws)
[b,a] = cheby2(n,Rs,Ws,ftype)
[z,p,k] = cheby2(___)
Algorithm:
1.
2.
3.
It finds the lowpass analog prototype poles, zeros, and gain using the function cheb2ap.
It converts poles, zeros, and gain into state-space form.
If required, it uses a state-space transformation to convert the lowpass filter into a
bandpass, highpass, or bandstop filter with the desired frequency constraints.
4.
For digital filter design, it uses bilinear to convert the analog filter into a digital filter
through a bilinear transformation with frequency prewarping. Careful frequency adjustment
the analog filters and the digital filters to have the same frequency response magnitude
at Ws or w1 and w2.
5.
It converts the state-space filter back to transfer function or zero-pole-gain form, as
required.
MATLAB PROGRAM
Output:
Waveform:
EXERCISES
I.
II.
Chebyshev Type II Low Pass Filter Matlab Program
Chebyshev Type II Band Pass Filter
