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Position Vector in Polar Coordinates

This document discusses angular and rotational motion concepts like position, velocity, and acceleration vectors in polar coordinates. It defines equations for circular motion, angular momentum, torque, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. It also summarizes Kepler's laws of planetary motion, including that planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at a focus, sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals, and have orbital periods proportional to the 3/2 power of the semi-major axis.

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ノエル ビクトリア
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68 views4 pages

Position Vector in Polar Coordinates

This document discusses angular and rotational motion concepts like position, velocity, and acceleration vectors in polar coordinates. It defines equations for circular motion, angular momentum, torque, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. It also summarizes Kepler's laws of planetary motion, including that planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at a focus, sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals, and have orbital periods proportional to the 3/2 power of the semi-major axis.

Uploaded by

ノエル ビクトリア
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Angular stuff

Position vector in polar coordinates

r = r0(i cos + j sin ) r

i cos + j sin is a unit vector in the direction of r

r = (i sin + j cos )

= (i sin + j cos ) is a unit vector perpendicular to r

r = and = -r

Velocity vector

r=rr

r = v = rr+r r

for circular motion r = 0


= v = r = r

Acceleration vector

for circular motion


Angular momentum

Torque

Angular velocity

Angular acceleration

Work

W = d = dt

Conservation of angular momentum for a central force

Consider

J is conserved
Keplers laws

I
The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.

(rearranging the expression for energy)

(use the following substitutions:)

(rearranging the expression for )

which is the equation for an ellipse in polar coordinates.


II
A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.

III
The squares of the orbital periods of planets are directly proportional to the cubes of the
semi-major axis of the orbits.

For a circle

For an ellipse

alpha = GmM

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