TOPIC:

PROTON EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE FUEL CELL

AKA: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

 PEM Fuel Cell
Aliñabon, Inot,
Louella Ann Lysa

Delima, Lamanilao,
Venus REPORTERS Juphil

Dizon, Tuquib,
Clark Percy
Contents

OVERVIEW of FUEL CELL

HISTORY of PEMFC

What is PEMFC?
Contents

Basic Elements in a PEMFC

How PEM Fuel Cell Works

How PEM FC SYSTEM works

PEM FUEL CELL Applications

The Current PEM Market

Part II
Overview of a Fuel Cell
A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around an
electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen
over the other, generating electricity, water and heat.

A fuel cell system which includes a "fuel reformer"

can utilize the hydrogen from any hydrocarbon fuel -
from natural gas to methanol, and even gasoline.
Different Types of Fuel Cell
Description:
PAFC - uses phosphoric acid as the
electrolyte.

(MCFC) uses high-temperature compounds

of salt (like sodium or magnesium)
carbonates (chemically, CO3) as the
electrolyte.
PROTON (AFC) operates on compressed hydrogen
EXCHANGE and oxygen. They generally use a solution
MEMBRANE of potassium hydroxide (chemically, KOH)
in water as their electrolyte.

(SOFC) uses a hard, ceramic compound of

metal (like calcium or zirconium) oxides
(chemically, O2) as electrolyte.

(PEM) works with a polymer electrolyte in

the form of a thin, permeable sheet.
History of PEM Fuel Cell

PEM technology was invented at General Electric through the

1960 work of Thomas Grubb and Leonard Niedrach.

GE developed a small fuel cell for a program with the U.S. Navy's
Bureau of Ships (Electronics Division) and the U.S. Army Signal
mid-1960s
Corps. The unit was fueled by hydrogen generated by mixing water
and lithium hydride.

GE developed PEM water electrolysis technology for

mid-1970s undersea life support, leading to the US Navy Oxygen
Generating Plant.

1980s The British Royal Navy adopted this technology in early 1980s
for their submarine fleet.

1990s Los Alamos National Lab and Texas A&M University

experimented with ways to reduce the amount of platinum
required for PEM cells.
What is PEM Fuel Cell?
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane FC

- consists of an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an

anode (negative electrode) and a cathode (positive electrode).

Description

- a thin, solid, organic compound, typically the consistency of plastic

wrap and about as thick as 2 to 7 sheets of paper. This membrane
functions as an electrolyte: allows the solution to conduct electricity

Concept

PEM fuel cells work with a polymer electrolyte in the form of a thin,
permeable sheet and allow hydrogen protons to pass through but
prohibit the passage of electrons and heavier gases.
PEM Fuel Cell Basics
1
Fuel cells are operationally equivalent to a battery.

4
2 Low temperature; Polymer
The reactants or fuel in a fuel cell Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) type
can be replaced unlike a standard cells are the standard devices.
disposable or rechargeable battery.
5
For automotive applications
3 hydrogen is the fuel choice.
Theoretically the maximum voltage
that this reaction can generate is
1.2 V. However, in practice the cell 6
usually generates about 0.7 V to Electrochemical energy comes
0.9 V and about 1 W cm-2 of power. from the reaction: ½ H2 +
½ O2 → H2O.
What is PEM Fuel Cell?
Solid organic polymer
poly(perfluorosulfunic 50 - 100°C
acid) Operating 122 – 212°F
Electrolyte
Temp.

System
Output 53 – 58%
(transportation)
1KW – 250 KW 25 – 35%
Electrical (stationary)
Eff.

70 – 90%
(low grade
waste heat)
CHP
Eff.
 In comparison, the internal
compaction motor has an efficiency of
about 15%.

Efficient

Rapid load
following
Robust
capability
ADVANTAGES
High power Lower cost of
density fabrication

The Proton Exchange Membrane

(PEM) system allows compact
designs and achieves a high energy
to weight ratio.
 HIGH
Needs Pure
Manufacturing
Hydrogen
Cost

Disadvantages

Complex Heat
Heavy Auxiliary
and Water
Equipment
Management

Start and stop conditions induce drying and wetting, which contributes
to membrane stress. If run continuously, the stationary stack is
estimated at 40,000 hours. Stack replacement is a major expense.
Basic Elements of PEMFC

-It conducts the electrons that are freed from the

hydrogen molecules so that they can be used in an
Anode external circuit.
-It has channels etched into it that disperse the
hydrogen gas equally over the surface of the catalyst.

-has channels etched into it that distribute the oxygen

to the surface of the catalyst.
Cathode
-conducts the electrons back from the external circuit
to the catalyst, where they can recombine with the
hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water

Anode Reaction Cathode Reaction

H2 → 2H+ + 2e- O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2O

 Basic Elements of PEMFC

-This specially treated material, which looks something

like ordinary kitchen plastic wrap, only conducts
Electrolyte positively charged ions.
- The membrane blocks electrons.

- It is usually made of platinum powder very thinly

coated onto carbon paper or cloth.
- The catalyst is rough and porous so that the maximum
Catalyst surface area of the platinum can be exposed to the
hydrogen or oxygen.
- The platinum-coated side of the catalyst faces the
PEM.

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How a PEM Fuel Cell Works?
How a PEM Fuel Cell Works?
How a PEM Fuel Cell Works?
How a PEM Fuel System Works?
Fuel Cell Stack
PEM Fuel Cell Applications

The first viable

electric alternative to
the internal
combustion engine
for vehicles, e.g. On board Decentralized
cars, motorbikes, auxiliary power power generation
buses, locomotives, units (APUs) for for industrial and
forklifts, light aircraft land and air domestic
and UAVs. transportation applications

General battery replacement/displacement.

Portable generation systems for Small scale power packs for

domestic, industrial, military and remote, unattended and
maritime application military application
The Current PEM Market

Portable 63% Large

2%
Stationary

16% Small
Buses 3% Stationary

Light Duty Niche

10% 6% Transportation
Devices

Total Number of PEM Units Installed Globally By Application

Free Yourself!
BREAK the petroleum chain!