Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Is The Branch of Electrical Engineering Concerned With The
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Is The Branch of Electrical Engineering Concerned With The
unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy which may cause
unwanted effects such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or even physical damage in
operational equipment. The goal of EMC is the correct operation of different equipment in a common
electromagnetic environment.
EMC pursues three main classes of issue. Emission is the generation of electromagnetic energy,
whether deliberate or accidental, by some source and its release into the environment. EMC studies
the unwanted emissions and the countermeasures which may be taken in order to reduce unwanted
emissions. The second class, susceptibility, is the tendency of electrical equipment, referred to as
the victim, to malfunction or break down in the presence of unwanted emissions, which are known as
Radio frequency interference (RFI). Immunity is the opposite of susceptibility, being the ability of
equipment to function correctly in the presence of RFI, with the discipline of "hardening" equipment
being known equally as susceptibility or immunity. A third class studied is coupling, which is the
mechanism by which emitted interference reaches the victim.
Interference mitigation and hence electromagnetic compatibility may be achieved by addressing any
or all of these issues, i.e., quieting the sources of interference, inhibiting coupling paths and/or
hardening the potential victims. In practice, many of the engineering techniques used, such as
grounding and shielding, apply to all three issues.