Chapter 4: Elements, Compounds & Mixture
Worksheet 4.1 Elements, Mixtures and Compounds
Name: _____________________________________ Class: _____ Date: ___________
Elements:
1. An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by
any ordinary physical or chemical methods.
2. All metals (e.g. Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium) exist as solid at room temperature except
for mercury.
3. Non- metals such as Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Helium, Argon, and
Neon exist as gases at room temperature.
4. Only Bromine (non-metal) and Mercury (metal) exist as liquid at room temperature.
5. Properties of Metals and Non-metals:
Metals Non-metals
Good conductors of heat Poor conductors of heat
Good conductors of electricity Poor conductors of electricity
Usually hard Usually soft
Shiny in appearance Dull in appearance
Malleable & ductile Brittle
6. Periodic Table:
- Row in Periodic Table is known as Period
- Column in Periodic Table is known as Group
- Elements in same group have similar chemical properties
- Across a period from left to right, there’s a gradual change from metallic properties to non-
metallic properties.
7. Uses of Some Common Elements
Element Uses
Gold to make sculptures, ornaments and jewellery
Hydrogen for fuel in space shuttles
Copper to make water pipes, copper wire
Iron to make bridges, ships and buildings
Aluminium Make aircraft
Silicon to make electronic parts for radios, televisions and computers
Mercury used in thermometers
Helium to fill balloons, weather balloons and airships
Chlorine to kill bacteria in swimming pools and drinking water
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Compounds:
1. A compound is a substance made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined together
2. Examples of compounds:
Compound Their elements which made up the compound
Water (H2O) Hydrogen, oxygen
Nitrogen oxide Nitrogen , Oxygen
Common salt/ Table salt Sodium , Chlorine
(sodium chloride)
Sugar Carbon, Hydrogen , Oxygen
Chalk (Calcium carbonate) Calcium, Carbon , Oxygen
Sand (Silicon dioxide) Silicon and Oxygen
3. A compound can be broken down into simpler substances by heat or electricity.
e.g. Copper chloride solution → copper + chlorine
(green liquid) (reddish-brown solid) (greenish-yellow poisonous gas)
Compound Element Element
Mixtures:
1. A mixture is made up of 2 or more substances not chemically combined together.
E.g. Sea water; Bronze; Milk; Air; Blood; Salt solution
2. Differences between mixture & compound:
Mixture Compound
made up of 2 or more substances not chemically made up of 2 or more elements chemically
combined together combined together.
can be separated by any physical methods like cannot be separated by any physical methods like
filtration, evaporation, etc. filtration, evaporation, etc.
No chemical change or reaction must occur in To form a compound, a chemical change or
order to form a mixture reaction must occur
A mixture has no fixed boiling or melting point. Pure compound has a fixed boiling or melting
point
A mixture has the properties of the substances A compound doesn’t have the properties of the
that make it up. substances that make it up.
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Exercises
1. The following diagrams show the composition of 16 different materials (A to P) in terms of the
arrangement of their atoms. There are three kinds of atoms represented by , and .
Identify the diagram(s) that matches each of the following descriptions.
(a) A mixture of an element and a compound. _____________________________
(b) A compound made up of two elements. _____________________________
(c) An element made up of single atoms. _____________________________
(d) A mixture of two elements. _____________________________
(e) An element made up of molecules. _____________________________
(f) A mixture of two compounds. _____________________________
(g) A compound made up of three elements. _____________________________
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2. Classify each of the pictures below by placing the correct label in the blanks below.
A = Element B = Compound C = Mixture of Element
D = Mixture of compounds E = Mixture of Elements and compounds
Each circle represents an atom and each different color represents a different kind of atom. If
two atoms are touching, then they are bonded together.
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3. Which of the following contains three elements?
A argon, magnesium, phosphorus
B brass, phosphorus, potassium
C chlorine, air, nitrogen
D petrol, alcohol, water ( )
4. A substance X has the following properties:
I High melting point
II Good conductor of electricity
III Malleable
What could X be?
A graphite B iron
C silicon(IV) oxide D sodium chloride ( )
5. A mixture _________________________________.
A has a fixed melting point.
B has a fixed boiling point.
C is made by a chemical reaction.
D can be separated by physical methods. ( )
6. Which one of the following sets contains only one metal?
A sodium hydrogen calcium
B iron oxygen sulfur
C copper carbon calcium
D sulfur magnesium copper ( )
7. The table below shows the properties of substances X and Y.
Substance Appearance Electrical conductivity Effect of heating the substance
X Yellow solid Do not conduct electricity Turn into yellowish-orange liquid
and produced a pungent gas
Y Silver solid Conduct electricity Turn into silver liquid at high
temperature
Which substance is most likely an element? Explain your answer.
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8. Anhydrite is a white rock with the formula CaSO4.
Name the elements present in anhydrite and state whether each one is a metal or a non-metal.
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9. A list of substances is given below.
Air Water Ethanol Steel
Graphite Petrol Chromium
Choose from the list one substance which
(i) is an element. ___________________________________________________
(ii) is a compound containing two elements only. ___________________________
(iii) is a mixture of compounds. _____________________________________________
(iv) is a mixture of elements. _____________________________________________
10. The table below shows the properties of 4 elements, K, L, M and N.
Which element is definitely a metal? Give your reason.
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