Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

ABSTRACT

A remote control vehicle is defined as any mobile device that is controlled by

a means that does not restrict its motion with an origin external to the device .This is
often a radio control device, cable between control and vehicle or infrared or
Bluetooth controller. A remote controlled vehicle is always controlled by a human
and takes no positive action autonomously

In this project Bluetooth wireless technology is used to control

robot car which which is a very simple communication system. The
remote in the project is an android device which is a Bluetooth feature
built in. The user has to install an application on mobile and user can
perform various actions like moving forward, backward, move left and
move right using commands that are sent from the android mobi le .The
Bluetooth is a serial communication medium through which we can
connect two devices wirelessly. The task of controlling the car is done
by the Arduino, which contains micro-controller ATMEGA32.Arduino has
played major in the robotic section and has made it easier to convert
digital and analog signal to physical movements.

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

1.2 OBJECTIVE:
This project intends to construct the android guided Arduino car by extracting the
powers of both the open source technologies - Android and Arduino
Programming.

1.3 TECHNICAL APPROACH:

The main motto of the project is to control the car with android application .In this
Bluetooth based robotic car Arduino UNO (ATMEGA 328),Bluetooth module(HC05)
Are used and Bluetooth module is interfaced with the system so that the car can easily
be controlled by the smart phone application. The controlling of the robot is done
wirelessly through Android smart phone using the Bluetooth feature present in it.
The controlling device of the whole system is a Microcontroller. Bluetooth module
DC motor
1.4 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT:
The project report is divided into 4 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the project and
Technical approach. Chapter 2 deals with the components and their function which
Were used in the robotic car. Chapter 3 showcase the implementation of the robot
Car. Chapter 4 showcase the results and coclusion of the project.Appendix includes
Theoretical aspects and this report ends with list of references used to prepare this
Project.

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION:
2.2 ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino is a microcontroller board, powered with a battery or an AC to DC adapter.
Arduino was developed as an open source environment which means that the Arduino
board can be copied and cloned. It is clearly the best platform for beginners who are
just getting started with electronics and coding as there is a lot of support for Arduino
in terms of the add-on kit, the project codes, forums and tutorials. Various sizes of
Arduino board are available and bigger boards means more memory, maybe with a
different controller and obviously with more inputs and outputs. The Arduino, which
is based on the ATMEGA 328 can take the power supply from either the Data
Transfer Port or its DC jack.

Figure 1: Arduino Uno

The various characteristics of the Arduino board are:
2.1.1 Digital Input and Output Pins:
Pins 0-13 on the Arduino board are the digital pins, which can be served as inputs
or outputs in accordance with the software that was flashed. Hence these pins rely
on being either high/low or 0/1

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

2.1.2 Analog Input Pins:

The input pins (A0-A5) function between 0-5 V and can be used identically to the
digital pins, using the aliases A0 (for input 0) through A5. . For most Arduino
users, the main function of the analog pins is to read analog sensors, and digitize
the Analog Input, upon receiving one. Hence, if we put an input of 3V signal in
the Analog pins, the returned output is an integer between0-1023.
2.1.3 ATMEGA 328:
Arduino UNO is based on the ATMEL microcontroller ATMEGA328. Atmel
Pico Power 8- bit microcontroller has the following features:
• 32 kb ISP (Instructions per Second) Flash memory.
• 32 Pin count.
• 1024 BEEPROM
• 23 General purpose input-output lines.
• 24 External and Internal Interrupts.
• Serial Interface Device-USART.
• Operates between1.8-5.5V.

Figure 2: ATMEGA 328

2.1.4 USART:
It can be programmed to communicate asynchronously or synchronously with
a serial interface device. USART was primarily intended to support
synchronous protocols to make better use of bandwidth when modules were
analog devices. In synchronous mode of communication, USARTs transmit
data in frames

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 Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

2.3 HC05 MODULE:

HC05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP(Serial Port Protocol) module,
designed for transport wireless serial connections setup. The HC05 Bluetooth Module
can be used in a master or slave configuration making it a great solution for wireless
Communication .This serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR
3Mbps modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR
Bluecore 04 External single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH
(Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature).

Figure 3:HC05 module

Hardware Features

 Typical -80dBm sensitivity

 Up to +4dBm RF transmit power
 Low Power 1.8V Operation ,1.8 to 3.6V I/O
 PIO control
 UART interface with programmable baud rate
 With integrated antenna
 With edge connector

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

PIN DETAILS OF THE HC05 MODULE

1. EN- It is used to bring Bluetooth module in AT commands mode.If EN pin
is set to high ,then this module will work in command mode. Otherwise by
default it is in data mode.The default baud rate of HC05 in commad mode is
38400bps and 9600 data mode.
2. VCC- connect 5V.
3. GND- Ground pin of module
4. TXD-Transmit serial data wirelessly received data by Bluetooth module
transmitted out serially on TXD pin
5. RXD – receive data serially (received data will be transmitted wirelessly by
Bluetooth module).
6. State- It tells whether module is connected or not.

Figure 4: HC05 PIN DESCRIPTION

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

2.4 MOTOR:
Electric Motors produce Mechanical movements by taking in the electrical energy
and producing equivalent mechanical energy. Hundreds and thousands of devices are
powered by electrical motors- from small pick-and-place robots to big turbines- motors
find applications in every industry.
Motor Driver circuits are current amplifiers. They act as a bridge between the controller
and the motor in a motor drive. Motor drivers are made from discrete components which
are integrated inside an IC. The input to the motor driver IC or motor driver circuit is a low
current signal. The function of the circuit is to convert the low current signal to a high current
signal. This high current signal is then given to the motor. The motor can be a brushless DC
motor, brushed DC motor, stepper motor, other DC motors etc.

FEATURES:

o High level functionality.

o Better performance.
o Provides high voltage.
o Provides high current drive.
o Includes protection schemes to prevent the failure of motors due to any faults.

Figure 5: DC MOTOR

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

2.5 L293D:

L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows

DC motor to drive on either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can
control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any direction. It
means that it can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC.
It works on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows
the voltage to be flown in either direction. As voltage need to change
its direction for being able to rotate the motor in clockwise or anti clock
direction, Hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC motor. It works
on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows the voltage
to be flown in either direction. As you know voltage need to change its
direction for being able to rotate the motor in clockwise or anticlockwise
direction, Hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC motor.

Figure 6: L293D BOARD

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

L293D has 16 pins, they are comprised as follows:

Ground Pins - 4
Input Pins - 4
Output Pins – 4
Enable pins - 2
Voltage Pins – 2

The L293D IC receives signals from the microprocessor and transmits the
relative signal to the motors. It has two voltage pins, one of which is used to draw
current for the working of the L293D and the other is used to apply voltage to the
motors. The L293D switches it output signal according to the input received from the
microprocessor.
For Example: If the microprocessor sends a 1(digital high) to the Input
Pin of L293D, then the L293D transmits a 1(digital high) to the motor from its Output
Pin. An important thing to note is that the L293D simply transmits the signal it
receives. It does not change the signal in any case.

FIGURE 7:L293D

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Movement of Robot Using Bluetooth

CHAPTER 3

IMPLEMENTATION

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