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Differential Equation - Examples of Substitution Suggested by The Equation

1. The document describes a method for substituting common terms in differential equations to simplify them. 2. It provides two examples of using this method by identifying common terms between the equations with dx and dy and substituting them with a new variable v. 3. This allows the equations to be solved using standard methods like separation of variables or integrating factors.

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Aimi Najwa Zailan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1K views

Differential Equation - Examples of Substitution Suggested by The Equation

1. The document describes a method for substituting common terms in differential equations to simplify them. 2. It provides two examples of using this method by identifying common terms between the equations with dx and dy and substituting them with a new variable v. 3. This allows the equations to be solved using standard methods like separation of variables or integrating factors.

Uploaded by

Aimi Najwa Zailan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBSTITUTION SUGGESTED BY THE EQUATION

ANZ
Summary
① 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
① 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.

② 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑣𝑣 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒.

③ 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

④ 𝐶𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦


Examples Explanations
Example 1:
Solve the equation
(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 3(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.

Solution:
(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 3(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 Firstly, the obvious common term
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 was found by comparing the equation
with dx with the equation with dy.
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Then, it was equated with v and the
(𝑣𝑣 − 1)(𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑) + 3𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 0 differentiation of v was found, which
𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 3𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 were then substituted into the original
(𝑣𝑣 − 1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑣𝑣 + 2)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 equation.
(𝑣𝑣 − 1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 The appropriate method, which is
(𝑣𝑣 + 2)
3 separation of variables was used and
�1 − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 it was solved.
(𝑣𝑣 + 2)
3
� �1 − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
(𝑣𝑣 + 2)
𝑣𝑣 − 3 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙|𝑣𝑣 + 2| + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦) − 3 ln|𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2| + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 3 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙|𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2|
Example 2:
Solve the equation
(1 + 3𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.

Solution:
(1 + 3𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Firstly, the differentiation relationship
(1 + 3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 was found by comparing the equation
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 + 3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 with dx with the equation with dy.
+ =0 Then, it was equated with v and the
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 1 differentiation of v was found, which
+ 𝑣𝑣 = − 2 were then substituted into the original
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
3 equation.
𝜇𝜇(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 ∫�𝑥𝑥� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 3 ln 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 1 The appropriate method, which is
𝑥𝑥 3 � + 𝑣𝑣� = 𝑥𝑥 3 �− 2 � integrating factor was used and it
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑 was solved.
(𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 3 ) = −𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3
𝑥𝑥 2
𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 = � −𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − + 𝑐𝑐
2
2
𝑥𝑥
(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦)𝑥𝑥 3 = − + 𝑐𝑐
2
1 𝑐𝑐
(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦) = − + 2
2𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥

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