SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES

(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

Questio PO
n Questions Attainmen
No. t
UNIT – 1: AMPLITUDE MODULATION
PART A ( 2 Marks)
1 Define modulation. PO1
2 Identify the needs for modulation. PO1
3 List the advantages of Analog communication. PO1
If the modulating frequency of a carrier wave varies between 700Hz and
4 PO2
7KHz, find it’s bandwidth.
5 Define Amplitude modulation. PO1
6 Define modulation index PO1
7 Define Frequency modulation. PO1
Calculate power in each sideband, if power of carrier wave is 176W and
8 PO2
there is 60% modulation in amplitude modulated signal?
9 Define Phase modulation. PO1
A wave is modulated by two sin waves having modulation indices of 0.3
10 PO2
and 0.5. Find the total modulation index.
11 Define High level Modulation. PO1
12 Distinguish between low level and high level modulation. PO1
The voltage and electric current of a line are respectively 5kV and 1000μA.
13 PO2
Find its power.
Identify the minimum height of antenna required for transmission in terms
14 PO1
of ʎ.
A 400W carrier wave is modulated to a depth of 65%. Find the total power
15 PO2
of modulated wave.
16 Name the disadvantage of FM over AM. PO1
17 A function f(x) is even, when? PO1
18 When aliasing takes place? PO1
A 1000 KHz carrier is modulated with 300 Hz, 8000 Hz and 2 KHz waves.
19 PO2
Determine the frequencies whose chances of occurring in output is least.
Find lower frequency component in AM wave, given that highest frequency
20 PO2
component is 900KHz and bandwidth is 12KHz.
PART-B (10 Marks)
1 Explain in detail about the modulation and need for modulation. PO1, PO2
Define standard form of amplitude modulation and explain the time and
2 PO1, PO2
frequency domain expression of AM wave.
A 400 W carrier is modulated to a depth of 75%. calculate the total power
3 PO1, PO2
in the modulated wave for full AM wave.
Describe the working principle of Square law modulator for the generation
4 PO1, PO2
of AM wave.
Explain the generation of AM wave using Switching & Transistor
5 PO1, PO2
modulators.
The output power of an AM transmitter is 1KW when sinusoidal signal
6[a] modulated to a depth of 100%. Calculate the power in each side band PO1, PO2
when the modulation depth is reduced to 50%.
6[b] List the applications of AM. PO1, PO2
7 Derive Power relations in AM waves. PO1, PO2
Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 1
 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

8 Discuss single tone modulation with necessary examples. PO1, PO2

9 Explain the detection of AM wave using Square law detector. PO1, PO2
Describe the working principle of Envelop detector for the detection of an
10 PO1, PO2
AM wave.
Questio PO
n Questions Attainmen
No. t
UNIT – 2: DSB, SSB AND VSB MODULATION
PART A ( 2 Marks)
1 Name the modulation system is used for video-modulation. PO1
2 List the Continuous Modulation techniques. PO1
3 Define DSB Modulation. PO1
For which of the modulated system, the linear amplified modulated stage PO1
4
is used.
5 Describe Phase reversal concept in DSB Modulation. PO1
6 Mention Ground wave communication frequency range. PO1
7 Show the typical bandwidth of a 2-wire telephone line. PO1
8 Describe the transmission band width of DSB signal. PO1
9 Define SSB Modulation. PO1
In which of the modulation, the waveform is modified resulting in a signal PO1
10
where each quarter cycle is transposed.
11 Describe the transmission band width of SSB signal. PO1
12 Show the frequency of audio modulation. PO1
13 Label the advantage of IF modulation. PO1
14 Define VSB Modulation. PO1
15 What do you understand by the term “carrier” in modulation? PO1
A 1000 KHz carrier is modulated with 300 H z, 8000 Hz and 2 KHz waves. PO2
16
Determine the frequencies whose chances of occurring in output is least?
Balanced modulator is used to suppress carrier signal to create a SSB or PO1
17
DSB.
18 Which of the modulation is used in data communication? PO1
When bandwidth is the major consideration a narrow and wide band FM PO1
19
can be approximated to?
20 Describe the transmission band width of VSB signal. PO1
PART-B (10 Marks)
Discuss the appropriate amplitude modulation technique which requires
PO1, PO2,
1 modulated band width equal to the twice of message signal band width
PO3
and less power consumption.
Explain the working of Costas loop receiver for demodulating DSB-SC PO1, PO2,
2[a]
wave. PO3
Briefly explain the Quadrature Null Effect in DSB-SC coherent detection? PO1, PO2,
2[b]
Suggest a appropriate method to offset this problem. PO3
With a neat diagram, explain how SSB wave is generated using phase PO1, PO2,
3[a]
discriminator method with only USB and rejecting the LSB. PO3
An AM transmitter of 1KW power is fully modulated. Calculate the power PO1, PO2,
3[b]
transmitted if it is transmitted as SSB. PO3
4 Discuss the amplitude modulation which requires modulated band width PO1, PO2,
equal to the message signal band width. PO3

Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 2

 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

With neat block diagram, explain the generation of SSB wave by phase PO1, PO2,
5
discrimination method. PO3
With the canonical representation of band pass signal and derive the PO1, PO2,
6
expression for time function of SSBSC waveform. PO3
Explain the principle of ring modulator to produce DSBSC signal and why PO1, PO2,
7
this ring modulator is known as double balanced modulator. PO3
Derive the time domain expression of VSB modulated wave S(t) containing PO1, PO2,
8
a vestige of upper side band. PO3
Find the percentage of power saved in SSB when compared with AM PO1, PO2,
9[a]
system. PO3
With a neat block diagram, explain the working of FDM technique. PO1, PO2,
9[b]
PO3
Discuss the appropriate amplitude modulation technique which requires
PO1, PO2,
10 modulated band width equal to the twice of message signal band width
PO3
and more power consumption.
Questio PO
n Questions Attainmen
No. t
UNIT – 3: ANGLE MODULATION
PART A ( 2 Marks)
In which modulation, frequency of carrier signal is varied with the PO1
1
amplitude of modulating signal.
2 Describe single tone modulation of FM. PO1
3 How we limit the response of a receiver to a weak signal? PO1
4 What is the full form of AFC? PO1
5 On which factor the bandwidth required for a modulated carrier depends. PO1
6 Define Narrow Band FM. PO1
7 Define Wide Band FM. PO1
8 Label the baseband bandwidth for a voice grade signal. PO1
9 Identify the reason of miller effect in BJT PO1
10 Compare NBFM & WBFM. PO1
11 Define PLL. PO1
Calculate power in each sideband, if power of carrier wave is 176W and PO2
12
there is 60% modulation in amplitude modulated signal.
13 Define Carson’s rule. PO1
14 The minimum channel Bandwidth is used by which modulation technique. PO1
15 Describe the concept of Pre-emphasis. PO1
A 1000KHz carrier is modulated by 100H z and 200Hz waves, then which of PO2
16
the following frequencies cannot be present at the output.
17 Describe the concept of De-emphasis. PO1
18 Compare AM & FM. PO1
19 What is represented by “Figure Of Merit”? PO1
20 Compare FM & PM. PO1
PART-B (10 Marks)
Distinguish Relation between Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation. PO1, PO2,
1[a]
Show that FM can be derived using PM and vice versa. PO3
1[b] An angle modulated signal is defined by s(t)=10cos(2Π10 6t +0.2 sin PO1, PO2,

Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 3

 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

2000Πt) volts. Find the following

(i) The power in modulated signal (ii) The frequency deviation Δf PO3
(iii)Transmission bandwidth.
Draw the block diagram of indirect method of generating a wideband FM PO1, PO2,
2[a]
signal and explain its working principle. PO3
Compute the bandwidth requirement for the transmission of FM signal PO1, PO2,
2[b]
having a standard frequency deviation and an audio bandwidth of 10KHz. PO3
Explain FM generation using direct method. PO1, PO2,
3[a]
PO3
Explain the operation of zero crossing detector with neat block diagram. PO1, PO2,
3[b]
PO3
Derive the expression for FM wave in terms of Bessel functions if message PO1, PO2,
4[a]
signal is Cosmt and carrier is Cos ct. PO3
Find the bandwidth of a single tone modulated FM signal described by PO1, PO2,
4[b]
S(t)=10 cos[2Π108t +6 sin(2Π103t)]. PO3
With the help of circuit diagram, explain demodulation of FM wave using PO1, PO2,
5[a]
balanced frequency discriminator. PO3
Determine the modulation index and bandwidth for FM and PM signals for
PO1, PO2,
5[b] a modulating signal 5cos30000πt angle modulates a carrier A cos2πfct.
PO3
Assume Kf =Kp =15KHz/volt
Explain with relevant mathematical expressions for the demodulation of an PO1, PO2,
6[a]
FM signal using PLL. PO3
An FM signal is given by s(t)=2cos20000πt+cos2000πt+3cos40000πt. PO1, PO2,
6[b]
Determine the bandwidth and β assuming Kf=104Hz/Volts PO3
Explain the operation of limiter circuit in FM demodulation. PO1, PO2,
7[a]
PO3
A sinusoidal wave of amplitude 10volts and frequency of 1 kH z is applied to
PO1, PO2,
7[b] an FM generator that has a frequency sensitivity constant of 40 H z/volt.
PO3
Determine the frequency deviation and modulating index.
Explain the principle Of Armstrong method to generate FM modulated PO1, PO2,
8[a]
wave. PO3
Design Armstrong FM generator for the generation of WBFM signal with ∆ f
=75kHz and fc=100 MHz, using the narrow band carrier as 100kH z and PO1, PO2,
8[b]
second carrier as 9.5MHz. Find the suitable multiplying factors. Assume the PO3
message signal is defined in the range, 100Hz ~ 15KHz.
Derive the expression for NBFM if message is m(t) and carrier is A cCosct. PO1, PO2,
9[a] Draw the corresponding phasor diagram of NBFM and compare it with AM PO3
wave
An FM wave is defined by s(t)=10 cos(2+sin (6Πt). Find the instantaneous PO1, PO2,
9[b]
frequency of s(t). PO3
What is Carson’s rule? Show that it applies both to narrow band and wide PO1, PO2,
10[a]
band FM. PO3
Calculate for An angle-modulated signal has the form
u(t)=100cos[2πfct+4sin2πfmt] Where fc=10MHz and fm=1000Hz.
(i) Assuming that this is an FM signal, determine the modulation index PO1, PO2,
10[b]
and the transmitted signal bandwidth. PO3
(ii)Assuming that this is an PM signal, determine the modulation index
and the transmitted signal bandwidth.

Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 4

 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

Questio PO
n Questions Attainmen
No. t
UNIT – 4: TRANSMITTERS & RECEIVERS
PART A ( 2 Marks)
1 Define Aspect ratio. PO1
2 List the two basic specification of a receiver. PO1
3 Define PAM. PO1
4 Describe the concept of Selectivity. PO1
5 Who invented the super heterodyne receivers? PO1
6 List the advantage of super heterodyning. PO1
7 Which amplifier is preferably used for low level modulation? PO1
8 Define PWM. PO1
Find lower frequency component in AM wave, given that highest frequency PO2
9
component is 900KHz and bandwidth is 12KHz?
10 Describe the concept of FDM. PO1
11 Define Image frequency rejection ratio. PO1
What is the carrier power of an un-modulated carrier signal when it is PO2
12 transmitted through an antenna having an impedance of 50ῼ and it
produces a current of 5.4A?
13 Define PPM. PO1
14 What is the function of RF mixer? PO1
15 Show the stage which is present in FM receiver but not in AM receiver. PO1
16 Show the standard intermediate frequency used for AM receiver. PO1
Which device is used in TV receivers for tuning the receiver to the PO1
17
incoming signal?
18 Describe the concept of Fidelity. PO1
19 Describe the concept of Sensitivity. PO1
20 In which modulated systems, quantization noise occurs? PO1
PART-B (10 Marks)
Define multiplexing in communication. PO1, PO2,
1[a]
PO4
With a neat block diagram, explain the working of FDM technique. PO1, PO2,
1[b]
PO4
Explain the generation and demodulation of PPM with the help of block PO1, PO2,
2
diagram and hence discuss its spectral characteristics. PO4
Write a short note on PAM modulation and its generation with neat PO1, PO2,
3[a]
sketches. PO4
Write a short note on PWM modulation and its generation with neat PO1, PO2,
3[b]
sketches. PO4
Describe Tuned radio frequency (TRF) Receiver. PO1, PO2,
4[a]
PO4
4[b] Explain the limitations of TRF receivers. PO1, PO2,

Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 5

 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

PO4
Draw the block diagram of super heterodyne receiver and explain. PO1, PO2,
5[a]
PO4
Draw and explain to block diagram of variable reactance type FM PO1, PO2,
6[a]
transmitter. PO4
An FM radio link has a frequency deviation of 30 kHz. The modulating
PO1, PO2,
6[b] frequency is 3 kHz. Calculate the bandwidth needed for the link. What will
PO4
be the bandwidth if the deviation is reduced to 15 kHz?
What is image frequency rejection ratio and what is its importance? PO1, PO2,
7[a]
PO4
In a broadcast super heterodyne receiver tuning at 1200 kHz having no RF
amplifier, the loaded Q of the antenna coupling circuit is 100, By PO1, PO2,
7[b]
Considering standard IF frequency determine the Image frequency and its PO4
rejection ratio.
What do you mean by automatic gain control (AGC)? What are merits of PO1, PO2,
8[a]
delayed AGC over simple AGC? PO4
Discuss the factors influencing the choice of the intermediate frequency of PO1, PO2,
8[b]
radio receivers. PO4
Compare low level modulation and high level modulation of radio PO1, PO2,
9[a]
transmitters. PO4
What can be done to improve the overall limiting performance of an FM
PO1, PO2,
9[b] receiver? Explain the operation of the double limiter and also AGC in
PO4
addition to a limiter.
Discuss about the alignment of Radio receiver with all details. PO1, PO2,
10[a]
PO4
In a broadcast super heterodyne receiver tuning at 1400 kH z having no RF
amplifier, the loaded Q of the antenna coupling circuit is 100, By PO1, PO2,
10[b]
Considering standard IF frequency determine the Image frequency and its PO4
rejection ratio.
Questio PO
n Questions Attainmen
No. t
UNIT – 5: NOISE
PART A ( 2 Marks)
1 Define base band system. PO1
2 Which one of the noise becomes of great importance at high frequencies? PO1
3 Autocorrelation function of which noise is a constant? PO1
4 Define SNR. PO1
5 Describe Figure of Merit. PO1
Identify the signal to noise ratio at the output of the demodulator to that PO1
6
at the input of DSB system.
Identify the signal to noise ratio at the output of the demodulator to that PO1
7
at the input of SSB system.
Determine the β value on order to realize an improvement in S/N ratio in PO1
8
FM over AM.
9 Describe the concept of threshold effect in FM. PO1
10 Sketch the circuit of pre-emphasis filter. PO1
11 Describe the modulation index of FM. PO1
12 Sketch the circuit of de-emphasis filter. PO1

Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 6

 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

13 Why frequency fogging is used in a carrier system? PO1

14 Sketch the power spectral density of nO(t). PO1
15 Which system is free from noise? PO1
16 Find the application of sampling theorem. PO1
17 Identify oscillator frequency of an AM receiver. PO1
18 Sketch the phasor diagram illustrating threshold effect. PO1
Find the step size of a signal with peak to peak amplitude of 8V and is PO2
19
quantized into 40 levels?
20 Sketch the diagram showing threshold effect in FM. PO1
PART-B (10 Marks)
Derive the expression for signal to noise ratio at the output of envelop PO1, PO2,
1[a]
detector of a normal AM system. PO4
An AM receiver operates with a tone modulation, and the modulation index
PO1, PO2,
1[b] ma=0.4. The message signal is 20Cos(1000Πt). Calculate the output SNR
PO4
relative to the baseband performance.
Derive the expression of SNR and figure of merit for conventional AM. PO1, PO2,
2[a]
PO4
An AM receiver operates with a tone modulation, and the modulation index
PO1, PO2,
2[b] ma=0.6. The message signal is 60Sin(5000Πt). Calculate the output SNR
PO4
relative to the baseband performance.
Derive the expression for SNR & Figure of merit of coherent reception of PO1, PO2,
3[a]
DSB modulated wave. PO4
An amplifier with 25dB nose figure and 8dB power gain is cascaded. With a
PO1, PO2,
3[b] second amplifier has a 20dB power gain and 6dB noise figure. What is the
PO4
overall noise figure and power gain.
Show that the SNR for a standard single tone FM wave is given by SNR O PO1, PO2,
4[a]
=3Ec2(mf)2/4N0W PO4
Briefly explain Threshold effect in Angle Modulation System PO1, PO2,
4[b]
PO4
Derive the expression for SNR in a PM system for tone modulation PO1, PO2,
5[a]
PO4
A phase modulation (PM) system, with the modulated wave defined by S
(t) =AcCos [2πfct + kpm(t)] where kp is a constant and m(t) is the
message signal. The additive noise n(t) at the phase detector input is
PO1, PO2,
5[b] n(t)= nI(t)cos(2πfct)−nQ(t) sin 2πfct Assuming that the carrier-to-noise
PO4
ratio at the detector input is high compared with unity, determine
(i) The output signal-to-noise ratio and
(ii) The figure of merit of the system.
Prove that narrow band FM offers no improvement in SNR over AM. PO1, PO2,
6[a]
PO4
If each stage has a gain of 10dB and noise figure of10 dB. Determine the PO1, PO2,
6[b]
overall noise figure of a two stage cascaded amplifier. PO4
How is FM superior to AM with reference to noise? PO1, PO2,
7[a]
PO4
An amplifier with 10dB nose figure and 4dB power gain is cascaded. With a
PO1, PO2,
7[b] second amplifier has a 1OdB power gain and 1OdB noise figure. What is
PO4
the overall noise figure and power gain.
Derive the expression of SNR & Figure of merit for SSB-SC? PO1, PO2,
8[a]
PO4

Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 7

 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
16ECE311 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

Write a short note on: (i) Capture effect (ii)Figure of merit PO1, PO2,
8[b]
PO4
Discuss the role of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in the improvement of PO1, PO2,
9[a]
noise immunity in FM. PO4
Prove that the figure of merit of AM system for single stone modulation PO1, PO2,
9[b]
with 100% modulation is 1/3. PO4
Explain the noise performance in SSB - SC receiver and prove its S/N PO1, PO2,
10[a]
Ratio is unity. PO4
Compare noise performance of PM and FM system. PO1, PO2,
10[b]
PO4

Prepared by: Mr.G.Hemachandra Page 8