!

Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Course Syllabus (revised 12/19/2012)
Curriculum Core D r u m -10 5 1 credit
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Quarter:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Instructor:""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Days/Times:""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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" Prerequisites:"none"
" Contact!Hours:"One"lecture/lab"once"a"week"for"one"quarter"
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Course"Description" " " " " " """""
"
The" Introduction" to" Keyboards" class" focuses" on" the" piano"
keyboard," the" musical" staff" and" major" scales." The" layout" of" lines"
and"spaces"of"treble"and"bass"clefs"will"be"explained."The"names"of"
the" piano" keys" will" be" explained." Major" scales" in" all" keys" will" be"
constructed" and" analyzed" along" with" the" correct" fingerings" for"
both"hands."Diatonic"and"chromatic"melodies"will"also"be"learned."
"
Objectives"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " """"""""""""""""""
The" objectives" of" the" Introduction" to" Keyboards" class" are" to"
present" the" keyboard" as" a" tool" for" all" musicians" and" give" the"
student"a"working"knowledge"of"the"piano."Students"will"learn"the"
!
basics"of"the"piano"and"develop"rudimentary"piano"skills."This"class"
will"also"prepare"the"student"for"music"theory"and"help"the"student"
"
in" the" development" their" musical" ear." " This" class" will" also" present"
the"various"benefits"one"gains"from"studying"keyboard"instruments"
"
and"music"theory." "
" "
"Required"Materials" " " " " " " """"""
• Introduction*to*Keyboards*1*Course"Packet* "
• Pencil"and"manuscript"paper* "
• Headphones"and"¼”"adaptor" "
" "
"
Grade"Calculation""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
• Attendance" " " " " 25%"
• Participation" " " " " 25%"
• Midterm" " " " " 10%"
• Final"Exam" " " " " 40%"
" Total! ! ! ! " ! 100%!
"

"
"
 C ourse " C ont e nt" ""

Course!Content:"(exact"order"and"pacing"of"topics"is"subject"to"change)""
"
Week!1:"""
The"musical"staff,"the"musical"alphabet"and"clefs."
"
Week!2:!
The"layout"of"the"keyboard"plus"the"names"of"the"notes"on"the"keyboard"and"how"they"relate"to"
the"grand"staff."Intervals,"naturals,"sharps,"flats"and"enharmonic"equivalents"will"also"be"
explained."
"
Week!3:""
The"basics"of"keyboard"technique"along"with"some"basic"exercises."
"
Week!4:""
Major"scale"construction"in"sharp"keys."
"
Week!5:""
Circle"of"Fifths"and"major"scales"in"flat"keys."
"
Week!6:""
Mid"term"exam."Basic"reading."
"
Week!7:""
Key"signatures"
"
Week!8:!
Diatonic"and"chromatic"notes"and"scales."
"
Week!9:""
Bass"clef"reading."Common"bass"lines."
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Week!10:!!
Whole"tone"scale."Final"review."
"
Week!11:""
Final"Exam"
"
Date!and!Time!of!Final!Exam/Project!(if!applicable):!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Room!#:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

"
"
! ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 1: Staves and Clefs
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it

Description!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!!
In!this!unit!you!will!learn!about!the!Musical!Staff,!Alphabet!and!
Clefs.!
!

Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!
 Understand!the!basics!of!Treble!and!Bass!Clef.!
 Understand!the!function!of!ledger!lines!
 Name!the!notes!of!the!Grand!Staff!
 Locate!middle!C!on!the!Grand!Staff!!
!

Table!of!Contents!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!
Preface..….………………………………………………….……….…….….……2!
Chapter!1:!The!Staff..….…......................................................3!
Chapter!2:!The!Musical!Alphabet!..………................................4!
Chapter!3:!Clefs!……...…………...........................................5!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit ...….................................9!
!

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 Preface:!The!Advantages!of!Possessing!Keyboard!Knowledge!
!!
Many!young!drummers!do!not!understand!the!importance!of!developing!keyboard!skills.!All!
musicians!including!drummers!must!have!a!working!knowledge!of!the!basics!of!music.!!
Studying!the!piano!will!make!you!a!much!better!drummer!by!improving!your!knowledge!of!
music!and!your!listening!skills.!Here!are!a!few!more!reasons:!
!
I. Become!a!Well-Rounded!Musician(
!
Every!musician!in!a!band!is!equally!important.!However,!a!band!sounds!
best! and! has! great! gigs! when! the! drummer! is! on! their! game.! A!
supporting!band!feeds!off!of!the!energy!of!the!drummer.!!
!
!All!bands!have!a!leader!or!musical!director,!oftentimes,!this!person!is!
guitarist!who!has!many!jobs:!rehearsing!the!band,!cueing!sections!or!
endings,! calling! tunes! and! arranging! tunes.! Drummers! with! great!
ears! have! a! stronger! ability! to! aid! a! leader! or! even! lead! a! band!
themselves.!!
!
!
!
!
II.!Generate!Income!by!Publishing!
Learning!piano!and!theory!will!give!you!the!tools!to!write!songs!!People!who!write!
songs!can!get!them!published!and!sell!them.!You!can!write!music!with!your!band!
mates!or!start!that!solo!cd!!There!is!also!a!huge!market!for!tv,!movies!and!video!
games.!!
!
III.!Become!a!Producer!
Many!drummers!are!producers.!Yes,!they!still!perform;!but!they!
have!been!so!invaluable!that!they!gained!a!reputation!as!a!great!
musician.!Eventually,!they!were!asked!to!produce.!If!you!want!to!
produce!for!artists!you!must!have!a!working!knowledge!of!what!
is! happening! musically! and! the! ability! to! tell! other! musicians!
what! they! must! play.! This! means! more! income! and! more!
longevity.!A!few!drummers!who!have!moved!to!the!other!side!of!
the!console!by!producing!music!for!other!artists!are!Steve!Jordan!(Keith!Richards,!Soul!Asylum),!
Butch!Vig!(Nirvana,!Garbage)!and!?uestlove!(D’Angelo,!Collateral!Soundtrack).!
!
IV.!Have!Fun!
This! is! new! for! you! so! take! it! slow! and! ask! questions.! You! are! drummer! first! and! foremost.!
Learning! piano! and! theory! is! essential! to! all! musicians! but! if! you! are! to! learn! it! you! must! be!
focused.!It!is!easy!to!feel!a!little!overwhelmed!when!you!first!tackle!this!information.!The!better!
you!understand!the!absolute!basics`the!easier!it!all!becomes.!!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 2
!
Chapter!1:!The!Staff!!
The!Staff!
!
Standard!Western!musical!notation!utilizes!a!set!of!parallel!horizontal!lines!called!a!staff.!The!
staff!is!used!to!notate!melody!and!rhythm!and!it!is!comprised!of!five!lines!with!four!spaces!in!
between!them.!
!
Ex.!1.1!
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Bar!Lines!
!
The!staff!is!divided!into!measures!by!using!single!bar!lines.!
!
Ex.!1.2!
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There!are!also!other!types!of!bar!lines,!such!as:!
!
The!double!bar!line!separates!sections!of!music!within!a!single!piece!of!music.!This!is!a!visual!
aid!for!the!performer!to!keep!his!or!her!place!while!reading!the!music.!!
!
A!final!bar!line!is!placed!at!the!end!of!a!piece!of!music!to!confirm!the!ending.!
!
Ex.!1.3!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Double!Bar!Lines!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Final!Bar!Line!
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Repeat!Signs!
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A!repeat!sign,!notated!below!with!the!bracketed!bar!lines!and!the!two!vertical!dots,!is!the!
symbol!that!indicates!a!section!should!be!repeated.!
!
Ex.!1.4!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 3
 !
! Chapter!2:!The!Musical!Alphabet!and!Pitch!
!
The!letter!names!given!to!each!note!is!the!musical!alphabet,!which!is!used!to!create!music.!
There!are!only!seven!letters!that!make!up!the!musical!alphabet:!A!-!B!-!C!-!D!-!E!-!F!-!G!
!
This!seven`letter!pattern!is!circular,!which!means!the!note!after!“G”!is!“A”!and!the!series!then!
repeats!itself.!!
!
The! musical! alphabet! should! be! learned! forward! and! backward,! starting! on! any! note.! Many!
songs!and!melodies!will!not!always!start!from!an!“A”!note!and!then!continue!up!the!musical!
alphabet! in! sequence! so! it! is! beneficial! to! learn! these! notes! in! every! sequence! possible.
! !
FORWARD! BACKWARD!
! !
A!`!B!`!C!`!D!`!E!`!F!`!G! G!`!F!`!E!`!D!`!C!`!B!`!A!
! !
A!B!C!D!E!F!G!A! A!G!F!E!D!C!B!A!
B!C!D!E!F!G!A!B! G!F!E!D!C!B!A!G!
C!D!E!F!G!A!B!C! F!E!D!C!B!A!G!F!
D!E!F!G!A!B!C!D! E!D!C!B!A!G!F!E!
E!F!G!A!B!C!D!E! D!C!B!A!G!F!E!D!
F!G!A!B!C!D!E!F!!!!! C!B!A!G!F!E!D!C!
G!A!B!C!D!E!F!G! B!A!G!F!E!D!C!B

Pitch!
Now!that!we!have!learned!the!musical!alphabet!(and!understand!that!they!represent!notes),!I!
will!now!define!what!a!note,!or!pitch!is.!Within!music,!pitch!represents!the!fundamental!sound!
frequency! the! ears! hear! and! perceive.! While! pitch! can! physically! be! measured,! other! factors!
such! as! timbre! and! overtones! may! affect! how! the! pitch! is! heard.! Imagine! the! difference!
between!a!heavily!distorted!guitar!and!a!child!singing!the!same!exact!pitch.!Although!the!pitch!
or!note!is!the!same,!the!ear!may!not!be!able!to!distinguish!that!the!same!pitch!is!being!produced!
by!both!sources`as!the!quality!of!sound!is!quite!different.!
!
Definite!and!Indefinite!Pitch!
When!an!instrument!(or!voice)!creates!notes!with!a!clear!pitch,!many!sound!vibrations!occur!at!
the!same!time.!The!slowest!vibration!is!referred!to!as!“the!fundamental!frequency”!and!a!clear!
single!tone!is!produced.!This!is!much!louder!than!the!secondary!frequencies,!called!overtones.!
This! is! known! as! definite! pitch.! An! indefinite! pitch! instrument! has! little! or! no! overtones,!
however,! they! still! produce! tones! that! are! easily! distinguishable! from! one! another.! Many!
percussion!instruments!are!categorized!as!indefinite!pitch!instruments.!!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 4
 Chapter!3:!Clefs!

!
A! clef! is! used! to! designate! one! particular! line! as! a! certain! pitch.! The! remaining! notes! are!
mapped!in!ascending!and!descending!order!to!that!reference!line.!Treble!and!Bass!clef!are!the!
most!commonly!used!clefs.!!
!
!Ex.!1.5!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Treble!Clef!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Bass!Clef!
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Clefs!were!developed!in!the!10th!century`alongside!the!staff.!The!look!of!the!clefs!has!evolved!
over!time.!There!have!been!(and!still!are)!other!clefs!in!usage!today.!These!aid!musicians!who!
perform!on!exotic!instruments!within!eclectic!music.!!
!
A!few!clefs!that!are!still!relevant!today!are:!
!
The!C!clef:!The!C!clef!is!a!movable!clef.!The!middle!of!the!clef!designates!where!the!note!C!is!on!
the!staff.!
!
Ex.!1.5a!
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!
!
!
!
The!Neutral!Clef:!This!clef!is!used!for!percussion!instruments!that!have!no!definite!pitch.!Often!
times,!this!staff!has!less!then!5!lines.!!
!
Ex.!1.5b!
!
!
!
!
!
Tablature:! is! used! for! guitars! and! other! fretted! instruments.! This! diagram! or,! tab,! shows! the!
musician!where!to!place!their!fingers!on!the!fretboard`instead!of!using!tradition!music!notation.!!
!
Ex.!1.5c!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 5
The!Treble!Clef!
The!most!commonly!used!clef!in!modern!music!is!the!Treble!Clef.!There!are!many!instruments!
that!use!the!Treble!Clef.!These!are:!the!guitar,!saxophones,!keyboards,!trumpet,!flute,!violin,!and!
most!vocal!ranges.!
!
The!Treble!Clef!is!commonly!referred!to!as!the!“G”!clef!because!the!clef!itself!indicates!where!
the!note!G!is!located.!It!encircles!and!bisects!the!second!line!from!the!bottom!of!the!staff.!
!
Ex.!1.6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!
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!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
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By!placing!the!note!G!in!this!specific!location,!most!of!the!notes!(within!the!ranges!of!common!
instruments)!will!fit!comfortably!within!the!staff.!! !
!
Ex.!1.7! ! !
Lines!of!Treble!Clef!
!!

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!
An!easy!way!to!memorize!the!lines!of!treble!clef:!!!!!!“Every!!Good!!!Boy!!Does!!Fine”!
!
!
!
Ex.!1.8!
Spaces!of!Treble!Clef!
!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
An!easy!way!to!remember!the!spaces!of!treble!clef:!!!!!“F!A!C!E”!
!
!
!
Ex.!1.9!
Lines!and!spaces!Combined:!

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!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 6
The!Bass!Clef!
Another!very!commonly!used!clef!is!the!Bass!Clef.!By!placing!a!dot!on!either!side!of!the!line,!Bass!
Clef!indicates!where!the!F!is!on!a!music!staff!and!this!is!why!it!has!the!nickname!'F!Clef’.!!
!
Ex.!1.10!
! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!F! !
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By!placing!the!note!F!in!this!specific!location,!most!of!the!notes!(within!the!ranges!of!common!
lower!register!instruments)!will!fit!comfortably!within!the!staff.!
!
!
!
Ex.!1.11!! !
Lines!of!Bass!Clef!
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An!easy!way!to!memorize!the!lines!of!bass!clef:!!!!!!!!!“Good!Boys!!Do!!Fine!Always”!
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Ex.!1.12!
Spaces!of!Bass!Clef!
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An!easy!way!to!remember!the!spaces!of!bass!clef:!!!!!!!!“All!Cows!Eat!Grass”!
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Ex.!1.13!
Lines!and!spaces!combined:!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 7
!
Ledger!Lines!
Ledger!lines!are!the!additional!lines!(above!and!below!the!staff)!used!to!expand!the!range!of!a!
clef.!The!musical!alphabet!remains!in!sequential!order!at!all!times.!!
!
Ex.!1.14!
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Ex.!1.15!
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The!Grand!Staff!&!Middle!C!
If!the!Treble!and!Bass!Clefs!are!combined,!the!result!is!called!a!Grand!Staff.!The!Grand!Staff!is!
used!when!writing!lead!sheets!or!for!piano.!The!two!clefs!intersect!at!the!note!C.!This!particular!
note!C!is!also!known!as!“Middle!C”!because!it!located!exactly!between!the!two!staves.!Middle!C!
is!designated!C4!in!scientific!pitch!notation!because!it!is!the!fourth!C!key!on!a!standard!88`key!
piano!keyboard!which!will!be!looked!at!in!the!next!unit.!!
!
!
!Ex.!1.16!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Middle!‘C’!
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! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Middle!‘C’!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 8
!
! On!Your!Own!
!
!
!
Exercise!
!
 Label!the!names!of!the!notes!on!the!staff!below:!
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Homework
!
 Memorize!the!notes!of!the!Treble!and!Bass!Clefs.!
 Familiarize!yourself!with!notes!on!Ledger!Lines.!
 Practice!reciting!the!musical!alphabet!forward!and!backward!

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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 9
 !
! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 2: The Keyboard and Intervals
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it

!
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!
!
!
Description!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
In!this!unit,!you!will!learn!the!layout!of!the!keyboard,!plus!the!
!
names!of!the!notes!on!the!keyboard!and!how!they!relate!to!the!
grand!staff.!Intervals,!naturals,!sharps,!flats!and!enharmonic!
equivalents!will!also!be!explained.!!! !
! !
!
Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!
!
 Understand!the!notes!of!the!keyboard!and!how!they!
relate!to!the!Grand!Staff! !
 Understand!intervals!!
!
 Name!the!function!of!sharp,!flat!and!natural!signs!
!
 Name!the!enharmonic!equivalent!of!all!notes!
!
!
!
Table!of!Contents!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!
Chapter!1:!The!Keyboard!and!Middle!C ! ...................................11!
Chapter!2:!Intervals!and!Accidentals!….……..............................14!
Chapter!3:!Enharmonic!Equivalents ! .........................................16!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit ! …..…................................17!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 10
!Chapter!1:!The!Keyboard!and!Middle!“C”!
!
!
The!modern!piano!keyboard!was!established!during!the!13th!century!in!Medieval!Europe.!
!It!is!made!up!of!twelve!basic!notes!that!repeat!(in!a!black!and!white!pattern)!across!a!layout!of!
88!wooden!keys.!
!
The! first! piano! keyboard! instrument,! the! Hydraulis,! was! invented! in!
Greece!over!2,300!years!ago!and!was!designed!with!only!seven!basic!
notes.!These!seven!musical!notes!were!given!names!based!on!the!first!
seven!letters!of!the!Latin!alphabet:!
!
A,!B,!C,!D,!E,!F,!and!G!
!
Just!like!today’s!modern!piano!keyboard,!these!seven!notes!repeated!
themselves!within!a!specific!pattern!throughout!the!length!of!the!
piano!note!chart.!As!late!as!the!year!1,200!AD!the!medieval!church!
organ!was!still!only!using!the!same!seven!notes!it!originally!inherited!from!its!ancestor,!the!
Hydraulis.!
!
It! soon! became! apparent! that! this! limited! version! of! the! piano! lacked! harmonic! diversity! and!
forced!organ!players!to!use!only!a!finite!number!of!harmonic!scales,!modes!and!chords.!As!the!
medieval!church!organist!continued!to!push!beyond!the!boundaries!of!early!music!composition!
(and! experiment! with! different! theories! in! music),! the! original! seven! piano! notes! were!
eventually!joined!with!five!additional!notes!creating!a!total!of!twelve!notes.!!!
!
Before!we!learn!the!five!new!notes,!take!a!look!at!the!original!seven!notes!and!where!they!are!
on!the!keyboard.!The!original!seven!are!named!on!the!white!keys.!
!
Ex.!2.1!
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The!note!C!is!to!the!left!of!the!group!of!two!black!keys!and!the!note!F!is!to!the!left!of!the!group!
of!three!black!keys.!!
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!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 11
Now,!let’s!see!how!the!keyboard!and!the!staff!relate!to!one!another!on!the!Treble!Clef.!All!the!
notes!within!the!Treble!Clef!staff!are!located!above!middle!C.!
!
Ex.!2.2!!
Middle!C!
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!!!!!C!!!!!D!!!!E!!!!!F!!!!!!G!!!!!A!!!!!B!!!!!!C!!!!!D!!!!!E!!!!!F!!!!!G!!!!A!!!!!!B!!!!C!!!!!D!!!!!E!!!!!F!!!!!G!!!!!A!!!!!B!!!!C!!!!!D!!!
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!
!
Now!we!see!the!keyboard!as!it!relates!to!Bass!Clef.!All!the!notes!within!the!Bass!Clef!are!below!
middle!C.!!
!
Ex.!2.3!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Middle!C!
!
!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!!!!C!!!!!D!!!!!E!!!!!F!!!!!!G!!!!!A!!!!!!B!!!!!C!!!!D!!!!!E!!!!!F!!!!!G!!!!!A!!!!!B!!!!C!!!!!D!!!!!E!!!!!F!!!!!G!!!!!A!!!!!B!!!!C!!!!!D!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 12
Middle!C!
Middle!C!gets!its!name!because!it!sits!in!the!middle!on!an!88!key!(full!size)!keyboard,!It!is!also!
known!C4.!
!
Ex.!2.4!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
C1!!!!!!!!!!!!C2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C7!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(Middle)!
!
Now! let’s! put! the! two! staves! together! to! form! the! grand! staff.! Here! is! how! the! notes! on! the!
keyboard!relate!to!the!entire!grand!staff.!
!
Ex.!2.5!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 13
! Chapter!2:!Intervals!and!Accidentals!
!
An!interval!is!the!difference!in!sound!or!distance!between!two!musical!pitches.!The!smallest!!
possible!interval!is!called!a!half(step.!Combining!two!half!steps!creates!one!whole(step.!
!
Examine! half! steps! and! whole! steps! on! the! keyboard.! If! you! move! just! one! key! up! or! down,!
(black! or! white)! you! have! moved! the! distance! of! one! half! step.! All! adjacent! keys! are! one! half!
step!apart.!For!example:!
!
!
Ex.!2.6!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! ! !!!!!!!!!Half!Step!!!!!!!!!!!!Half!Step!!!!!!!!!!!!Whole!Step!!!!!!!!!!!Whole!Step!
!
Basic!Intervals:!
!
Ex.!2.7!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C!!!!!!!D!!!!!!!E!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!A!!!!!!!B!!!!!!C!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 14
Accidentals!
The!symbols!used!to!mark!notes!sharp,!flat!or!natural!are!called!accidentals.!An!accidental!raises!
or!lowers!the!note!from!its!normal!pitch!by!either!a!half!step!or!a!whole!step.!!In!later!units!the!
definition!and!function!of!accidentals!will!be!refined!and!more!closely!examined.!
!
Ex!2.8!
!
!
! A!sharp!sign!raises!a!note!one!half!step.!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A#!
!
!
!
! A!flat!sign!lowers!a!note!one!half!step.!
!
!
! !
! A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ab!
!
!
! A!natural!sign!restores!a!note!to!its!original!pitch.!
!
!
!
! A§!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ab!
!
!
! A!double!flat!sign!lowers(a!note!one!whole!step.*!
!
!
!
! Abb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A!
!
!
!
! A!double!sharp!sign!raises!a!note!one!whole!step.*!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ax!
(

(((((*Double(sharps(and(flats(occur(in(advanced(scales(and(chords,(which(will(be(explained(in(later(units.(

(
(

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 15
( Chapter!3:!Enharmonic!Equivalents!
!
A!single!pitch!can!have!more!than!one!name,!depending!on!the!context!in!which!it!is!being!used.!
These!are!known!as!enharmonic!equivalents.!The!correct!labeling!of!a!note!is!vital!to!the!
creation!of!scales!and!chords.!For!example,!there!is!a!gap!of!one!whole!step!(two!1/2!steps)!
between!A!and!B.!!
!
Ex.!2.9!
!
!
!
! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!!!!!One!Whole!Step!
!
The!note!in!the!gap!between!A!and!B!may!be!called!either!A!sharp!(A#)!or!B!flat!(Bb)!
!
!
Ex.!2.10!
!!!!!! ! !A#!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!Bb!
!!!!!!!!!!(1/2!step!higher!than!A)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(1/2!step!lower!than!B)!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
One!Half!Step!
!
Both!A#!and!Bb!sound!the!same,!but!the!name!used!depends!on!how!the!note!has!been!derived.!
Notes! are! named! according! to! the! CONTEXT! in! which! they! are! being! used! i.e.,! scales,! chords,!
intervals,!etc.!!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 16
!
! On!Your!Own!
!
!
!Exercise!
!
 Label!the!note!names!on!the!keyboard!below.!Label!the!black!keys!with!both!
enharmonic!names:!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
 Write!these!notes!on!the!staff!below!in!bass!and!treble!clef.!!
!
! ! !!!!!!!!!!1.!A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2.!C#!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3.!Gb !!!!!!!!!!!4.!D!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5.!E! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 17
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 3: Technique and Exercises
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! Description!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! In!this!unit,!you!will!learn!the!basics!of!keyboard!technique!along!
! with!some!basic!exercises.!!
! !
! !
!
! Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!
!  Understand!the!proper!technique!for!playing!the!
! keyboard!!
!  Perform!basic!warm`up!exercises!!
!  Further!your!knowledge!of!the!staff!and!its!relationship!
! to!the!keyboard!
! !
! !
!
! Table!of!Contents!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!
! Chapter!1:!Technique!…………………………….................................19!
! Chapter!2:!Basic!Exercises!…..……..............................................20!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit……………………..…………….…..22!
! !
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !
!
! !
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 18
!
! Chapter!1:!Technique!
!
Bench!Height!and!Distance!from!Piano!
Sit! at! the! bench! with! your! elbows! at! your! sides! and! forearms! pointing! straight! towards! the!
piano.!With!your!hands!on!the!keys!in!playing!position,!the!elbows!should!be!slightly!below!the!
height!of!the!keys.!Now!place!your!hands!on!the!white!keys!``!the!distance!of!the!bench!from!
the!piano!(and!your!sitting!position)!should!be!such!that!the!elbows!just!miss!your!body!as!you!
move! them! in! towards! each! other.! Do! not! sit! at! the! center! of! the! bench,! but! sit! closer! to! the!
front!edge!so!that!you!can!plant!your!feet!firmly!on!the!floor!or!pedals.!
!
Hand/Finger!Positions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ex!3.1!
Relax! the! fingers! and! place! your! hand! on! a! flat! surface! with! all!
the!fingertips!resting!on!the!surface.!The!wrist!should!be!at!the!
same!height!as!the!knuckles.!The!hand!and!fingers!should!form!a!
dome.!All!the!fingers!should!be!curved.!!!!
!!!
!
Relax!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Relaxing!means!that!you!use!only!those!muscles!that!are!needed!to!play.!Relaxation!is!energy!
conservation.! There! are! at! least! two! ways! to! conserve! your! energy:! 1.! Don't! use! unnecessary!
muscles!–!especially!the!opposing!muscles!and!2.!Turn!off!the!working!muscles!as!soon!as!their!
jobs!are!done.!While!practicing,!be!sure!to!examine!if!you!are!getting!tense!in!any!parts!of!the!
body!such!as!your!fingers,!mouth!or!toes.!Also,!be!sure!to!stop!practicing!if!you!are!feeling!pain.!
Fatigued!muscles!need!rest!and!you!can!always!quiz!yourself!on!the!notes!on!the!staff,!intervals,!
etc.!!
!
Focus!
You!must!have!a!clear!mind!to!practice!efficiently.!You!must!also!work!keyboard!practice!time!
into! your! schedule.! Touch! base! with! the! material! everyday! even! if! only! for! a! few! minutes.!
Moments!before!you!practice!take!a!second,!clear!all!thoughts!and!think!about!exactly!what!you!
are!going!to!practice.!Always!start!slowly!and!take!one!step!at!a!time.!!
!
Ex.!3.2!
!
The!Finger!Number!System!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Use!the!Finger!Number!System!to!number!each!finger.!
!
! Thumb………..#1!
! Index!Finger…#2!
! Middle!Finger..#3!
! Ring!Finger…..#4!
! Pinky…………..#5!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 19
 Chapter!2:!Basic!Exercises!

These!exercises!are!designed!to!help!you!develop!individual!finger!independence.!While!
practicing,!keep!your!hands!as!relaxed!as!possible!and!try!not!to!move!the!idle!fingers.!A!
common!bad!habit!is!to!lift!the!idle!fingers!off!of!the!keyboard.!Stay!focused!on!the!fingers!that!!!
are!working.!!!
!
The! numbers! above! the! notes! the! treble! clef! notes! are! the! right! hand! fingerings! and! the!
numbers!under!the!bass!clef!notes!are!the!left!hand!fingerings.!When!playing!these!exercises,!
play!the!notes!long;!but!do!not!let!them!bleed!into!one!another.!Be!sure!to!lift!your!finger!off!!
the!previous!key!as!you!play!the!next!note.!!
!
Exercise!#1:!Two!Finger!Manipulation!
Ex!3.3!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
Exercise!#2:!Two!Finger!Manipulation!with!Shift!
Ex!3.4!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Exercise!#3:!Basic!Three!Finger!Manipulation!
Ex!3.5!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 20
Exercise!#4:!!Three!Finger!Manipulation!Variation!
Ex!3.6!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Exercise!#5:!Basic!Five!Finger!
Ex!3.7!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Exercise!#6:!Basic!Hanon!
Ex!3.8!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Exercise!#7:!Advanced!Hanon!
Ex!3.9!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 21
!
!
On!Your!Own!
!
Homework!and!Exercise!
!
• Practice!exercises!1`7!starting!out!very!slowly!at!50!bpm!while!remembering!your!basic!
technique!guidelines.!!
!
• Once!you!feel!comfortable!with!an!exercise!try!to!not!look!at!your!hand!and!only!at!the!
music!while!saying!the!notes!you!are!playing!out!loud.!!
!
• Try!moving!the!tempo!up!to!70!bpm,!100!bpm,!etc.!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 22
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 4: The Major Scale
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Description!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
In!this!unit,!you!will!learn!the!how!the!Major!Scale!is!
!
constructed.!
!
! !
! !
!
Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:________!
!
 Construct!Major!Scales!in!all!of!the!Sharp!Keys!
!
 Learn!the!proper!fingering!for!all!the!Major!Scales!in!
!
Sharp!Keys! !
! !
! !
!
Table!of!Contents____________________________________!
!
Chapter!1:!Introduction!to!the!Major!Scale..........................24!
!
Chapter!2:!Major!Scale!Construction:!Sharp!Keys!…….…......27!
!
Chapter!3:!Major!Scales!in!all!of!the!Sharp!Keys!………….……28
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit.…………………………………..32!
!
! !
!
! !
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 23
 !
Chapter!1:!Introduction!to!the!Major!Scale!
!
!
A!scale!is!a!sequence!of!pitches!ascending!and!descending!that!are!used!to!form!the!basis!of!
songs,!parts!of!songs,!melodies!and!chords.!Each!note!of!a!scale!is!called!a!scale!degree!and!
these!degrees!are!derived!from!a!sequence!of!half!steps!and!whole!steps.!!
!
Tonic!
All!scales!have!a!starting!note!and!all!scales!have!scale!degrees.!The!starting!note!is!referred!to!
as! “tonic”! or! “1”.! After! tonic! each! scale! degree! gets! labeled! with! a! number.! Example:! The! C!
major!scale!would!is!labeled!as:!C=1!(tonic),!D=2,!E=3,!F=4,!G=5,!A=6,!B=7!and!then!the!pattern!
repeats.!!
!
The!Major!Scale!
The! Major! Scale! is! used! as! the! harmonic! basis! for! practically! all! music`especially!
pop,! rock! and! jazz.! There! are! many! other! scales! utilized! in! popular! music! such! as! the! minor,!
blues! and! pentatonic;! but! the! major! scale! is! the! most! common! (and! most! widely! used).!!
Musicians!must!be!familiar!with!the!major!scale,!its!construction!and!usage.!!
!
The!Major!Scale!is!a!diatonic!scale.!This!means!that!it!is!constructed!with!(and!it!contains)!five!
whole!steps!and!two!half!steps.!The!formula!of!steps!for!all!major!scales!is:!
!
!
!
Whole!Step,!Whole!Step,!Half!Step,!Whole!Step,!Whole!Step,!Whole!Step,!Half!Step!or:!
!
Ex.!4.1!
W!-!W!-!½!-!W!-!W!-!W!-!½!

Using(this(formula,(one(can(construct(a(Major(Scale(from(any(note(on(the(keyboard.!
!
!
Starting!with!C!as!tonic!and!following!the!Major!Scale!formula,!we!have!formed!a!C!major!scale:!
!
Ex.!4.2!
!
!
!
!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 24
!
Analysis!!
Let’s!now!take!a!closer!look!at!this!scale!and!break!it!down:!
!
Ex!4.3!
Scale!degrees!(not!fingerings)!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!Ex.!4.4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!½!Step!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!½!Step!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

C!!!!!!!!!D!!!!!!!!!E!!!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!!!A!!!!!!!!!B!!!!!!!!!C!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
• Notice!the!type!of!steps!(whole!or!half)!between!each!scale!tone.!!
• Notice!where!the!half!steps!occur`between!degrees!3!&!4!and!7!&!8.!!With!all!other!
Major!Scales!besides!C!major,!accidentals!(sharps!and!flats)!are!needed!to!enable!the!
proper!construction!of!the!major!scale.!The!half!steps!between!E!&!F!and!B!&!C!on!the!
keyboard!are!known!as!naturally(occurring(half(steps.!This!is!because!no!notes!had!to!
be!altered!to!accommodate!the!scale!construction.!
• The!scale!starts!and!ends!with!the!same!note.!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 25
!
Very!important!rules!that!pertain!to!Major!Scales:!
!
1. Notes!must!be!named!in!sequential!order.!Pitches!are!never!skipped!or!named!twice!
in! a! row.! It! is! imperative! to! keep! this! rule! in! mind! when! constructing! major! scales!
because!of!enharmonic!equivalents.!For!example:!if!you!are!playing!the!note!A!and!the!
scale!requires!a!half!step!after!A,!then!the!next!note!must!be!called!B!flat,!not!A!sharp.!
! !
2. Once!the!pitches!are!named!in!a!given!major!scale,!the!names!never!change!regardless!
of!sequence.!One!very!common!misconception!is!that!if!a!scale!is!ascending!(going!up!in!
pitch),!any!black!keys!played!are!named!with!sharps!and!named!flats!on!the!way!down!
(descending)..!!
!
3. All!seven!notes!of!the!musical!alphabet!must!be!represented!in!the!major!scale.!If!W`
W`1/2`W`W`W`1/2!is!followed!correctly,!tonic!will!be!reached!again!on!the!eighth!note!
of!the!scale!and!then!the!pattern!repeats.!!
!
!
The!C!Major!Scale!
Now! that! we! have! constructed! and! analyzed! the! C! major! scale,! let’s! learn! how! to! play! it!
properly.!When!playing!scales,!play!the!notes!long!but!do!not!let!them!bleed!into!one!another.!
Be! sure! to! lift! your! finger! off! of! the! previous! key! as! you! play! the! next! note.! ! Once! you! feel!
comfortable!with!the!scale!try!to!look!at!the!staff!and!not!at!your!hand.!Also,!say!each!note!as!
you!play!it.!This!will!assist!with!learning!the!staff!and!relating!it!to!the!keyboard.!!
!
Traditionally,!pianists!learn!the!major!scales!with!both!hands!and!ascending!and!descending!in!
two!octaves.!However,!for!our!class!it!is!required!to!play!the!scales!ascending!and!descending!
(but! in! only! one! octave! and! one! hand).! It! is! suggested! to! focus! on! the! right! hand;! but! the!
fingerings!for!both!the!right!and!left!hand!are!provided.!Many!of!the!major!scales!will!have!the!
same!fingerings;!but!the!fingerings!will!fluctuate!as!you!progress!through!the!scales.!!
!
Ex!4.5!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
• With! the! right! hand,! upon! reaching! the! third! scale! degree! (E)! you! must! pivot! on! your!
middle!finger!(3)!and!cross!the!thumb!(1)!under!it!to!the!note!F!to!be!in!position!to!finish!
the!scale!smoothly.!
!
• With! the! left! hand,! the! middle! finger! (3)! must! cross! over! the! thumb! (1)! to! get! to! the!
sixth!scale!degree!(A).!!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 26
!
! Chapter!2:!Major!Scale!Construction!–!Sharp!Keys!
!
The!following!seven!major!scales!contain!sharps.!By!following!the!formula!for!major!scales!!
(W`W`1/2`W`W`W`1/2),!obeying!the!rules!of!major!scales!and!to!maintain!enharmonic!balance`!
sharps!must!be!used!when!starting!the!following!scales!on!these!specific!tonics:!
!
G!–!D!–!A!–!E!–!B!–!F#!–!C#!
!
If!you!play!a!C!major!scale!and!stop!on!the!fifth!note!of!the!scale,!you!are!stopping!on!the!note!
G.!Now!think!of!G!as!tonic!of!a!new!scale,!the!G!major!scale.!This!will!add!one!sharp!to!the!scale,!
F#!because!there!needs!to!be!a!whole!step!between!the!sixth!and!seventh!scale!degrees.!In!this!
case,!F#!is!one!whole!step!above!E.!For!example:!
!
Ex!4.6!
!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C!!!!!!!D!!!!!!!E!!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!A!!!!!!!B!!!!!!C!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!2!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!5!!!!!!!!!!6!!!!!!!!!!7!!!!!!!!!!8!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!is!the!5th!scale!degree!of!the!C!major!scale!
!
Ex.!4.7!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F#!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!A!!!!!!!B!!!!!!!C!!!!!!!D!!!!!!!E!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!2!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!5!!!!!!!!!!6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!7!!!!!!!8!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!½!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!!½!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
Notice! the! D! is! the! fifth! scale! degree! of! the! G! major! scale:! If! D! is! used! as! tonic! (1)! of! a! major!
scale!then!two!sharps!will!be!included!in!the!scale!(because!of!the!rules!and!pattern!of!the!major!
scale).! ! If! you! continue! this! pattern,! it! creates! a! cycle! of! all! major! scales! which! belong! to! the!
sharp!key!family.!!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 27
 Chapter!3:!Major!Scales!in!all!Sharp!Keys!

This! is! a! complete! list! of! all! sharp! key! major! scales! (with! right! hand! and! left! hand! fingerings).!
Practice!each!one!slowly.!
!
!
Ex!4.8!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex!4.9!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
Ex!4.10!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex!4.11!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 28
 !
Ex!4.12!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex!4.13!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!
Ex!4.14!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex!4.15!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 29
 !!
Ex!4.16!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex!4.17!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!4.18!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!4.19!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 30
 !
Ex!4.20!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex!4.21!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 31
!
!
! On!Your!Own!
!
Homework!and!exercise:!
!
• Practice! all! seven! scales! slowly,! making! each! note! flow! smoothly! and! evenly! into! the!
next!note.!!
!
• LOOK!and!the!music!while!SAYING!the!note!names!OUT!LOUD.!This!is!very!important.!
The! parts! of! the! brain! associated! with! verbalization! and! visualization! are! very! close! to!
one!another,!which!make!them!very!connected.!While!this!may!be!a!little!awkward!at!
first,!it!is!crucial!that!you!develop!this!ability.!It!will!assist!you!in!internalizing!the!notes!
of!the!staff!and!to!ensure!enharmonic!correctness.!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 32
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 5: The Circle of Fifths & Flat Key Major
Scales
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!
!
!
!
!
!
Description!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
In!this!unit,!the!Circle!of!Fifths!will!be!explained!along!with!the!
!
construction!of!the!Flat!Key!Major!Scales.!!!
! !
! !
!
Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:________!
!
 Construct!Major!Scales!in!all!Sharp!and!Flat!keys!
!
 Play!all!major!scales!with!the!proper!fingerings!
 Understand!the!Circle!of!Fifths! !
! !
! !
!
!
Table!of!Contents____________________________________!
!
Chapter!1:!The!Circle!of!Fifths……………………………………………34!
!
Chapter!2:!Major!Scale!Construction`Flat!Keys!……………......35!
Chapter!3:!Major!Scales!in!all!Flat!Keys!…………………………….36
!
! !!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit!…..…….………………………..40!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !
!
!
! !
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 33
 Chapter!1:!The!Circle!of!Fifths!
The!Circle!of!Fifths!is!an!easy!way!to!visualize!all!12!major!keys!and!scales.!If!you!play!a!C!major!
scale! and! stop! on! the! fifth! scale! tone! you! arrive! at! G.! Now! play! a! G! Major! scale.! The! G! major!
scale!has!one!sharp.!If!you!continue!this!process!you!will!be!adding!one!sharp!to!the!next!scale!
you!play.!!This!technique!works!when!going!clockwise!around!the!circle.!
!
If! you! go! counterclockwise! in! fifths! you! will! cycle! the! flat! key! scales.! You! can! also! go! UP! in!
Fourths!to!cycle!the!flat!keys.!
!
The! Circle! of! Fifth’s! is! a! great! tool! to! help! you! memorize! your! scales! and! key! signatures.! You!
should! practice! your! scales! utilizing! the! Circle.! Also,! take! notice! of! the! enharmonic! equivalent!
overlap!that!exists!between!the!sharp!and!flats!keys:!B/Cb,!F#/Gb!and!C#/Db!
!
!
!
Ex.!5.1!
FLATS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!SHARPS!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 34
! Chapter!2:!Major!Scale!Construction!–!Flat!Keys!
!
The!following!seven!major!scales!contain!flats.!By!following!the!formula!for!major!scales!!
(W`W`1/2`W`W`W`1/2),!obeying!the!rules!of!major!scales!and!to!maintain!enharmonic!balance,!
flats!must!be!used!when!starting!the!following!scales!on!these!specific!tonics:!
!
F!–!Bb!–!Eb –!Ab!–!Db –!Gb!–!Cb!
!
If!you!play!a!C!major!scale!and!stop!on!the!fourth!note!of!the!scale,!you!are!stopping!on!the!note!
F.!Now!think!of!F!as!tonic!of!a!new!scale,!the!F!major!scale.!This!will!add!one!flat!to!the!scale,!Bb !
because!there!needs!to!be!a!half!step!between!the!third!and!fourth!scale!degrees.!In!this!case,!
Bb !is!one!half!step!above!A.!See!below:!
!
Ex.!5.2!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C!!!!!!!D!!!!!!!E!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!A!!!!!!!B!!!!!!C!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!2!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!5!!!!!!!!!!6!!!!!!!!!!7!!!!!!!!!!8!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F!is!the!4th!scale!degree!of!the!C!major!scale!
!
!
Ex.!5.3!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Bb!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!!!!A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!C!!!!!!!D!!!!!!!!!E!!!!!!!!F!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!2!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5!!!!!!!!!!6!!!!!!!!!7!!!!!!!!8!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!½!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!½!!!!!!!!!
!
!
Notice!that!Bb!is!the!fourth!scale!degree!of!the!F!major!scale.!If!Bb!is!used!as!tonic!(1)!of!a!major!
scale!then!two!flats!will!be!included!in!the!scale!because!of!the!rules!and!pattern!of!the!major!
scale.! ! Continuing! this! pattern! creates! a! cycle! of! all! major! scales! that! belong! to! the! flat! key!
family.!!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 35
! Chapter!3:!Major!Scales!in!all!Flat!Keys!
!
The! following! is! a! complete! list! of! all! flat! key! major! scales! (with! right! hand! and! left! hand!!!!
fingerings).!Practice!each!one!slowly.!
!
Ex.!5.4!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!
Ex.!5.5!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! ! ! ! !
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
Ex!5.6!
!

!
!
!
Ex.!5.7!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 36
Ex.!5.8!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!5.9!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!5.10!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!5.11!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 37
Ex.!5.12!
!

!
!
!
Ex.!5.13!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!
!
!
Ex.!5.14!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!5.15!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
In!this!scale,!notice!that!this!white!key!is!labeled!Cb!and!not!B.!Remember!the!rules!of!major!
scale!construction!and!enharmonic!equivalents.!!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 38
Ex.!5.16!
!

!
!
!
!
Ex.!5.17!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Cb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Fb!
!
Here!is!another!scale!that!(because!of!the!major!scale!construction!rules)!includes!the!notes!
Cb!and!Fb.!Remember,!there!are!naturally!occurring!half!step!between!C!&!B!and!E!&!F.!A!note!
does!not!necessarily!have!to!be!on!a!black!key!to!be!labeled!with!a!sharp!or!flat.!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 39
!
!
! On!Your!Own!
!
!!Homework!and!exercise:!
!
• Practice! all! seven! scales! slowly,! making! each! note! flow! smoothly! and! evenly! into! the!
next!note.!!
!
• LOOK!and!the!music!while!SAYING!the!note!names!OUT!LOUD.!This!is!very!important,!
the! parts! of! the! brain! associated! with! verbalization! and! visualization! are! very! close! to!
one!another!making!them!very!connected.!While!this!may!be!a!little!awkward!at!first,!it!
is!crucial!that!you!develop!this!ability!to!assist!you!to!internalize!the!notes!of!the!staff!
and!to!ensure!enharmonic!correctness.!!
!
• Also,!practice!all!sharp!and!flat!key!major!scales.!
!
• Memorize!the!order!of!sharp!scales!and!flat!scales!as!they!appear!on!the!Circle!of!Fifths.!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 40
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 6: Midterm & Introduction to Reading
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Description__!
! _!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
In! this! unit,! you! will! take! a! midterm! exam.! You! should! display!
!
your!knowledge!of!the!Treble!and!Bass!Clefs!plus!your!ability!to!
!
perform!Major!Scales!in!all!keys!(Sharps!and!Flats).!You!will!also!
!
be!introduced!to!reading!music!at!the!keyboard.!!
! !
!
!
Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:________!
!
 Understand!how!to!read!music!on!the!staff.!!
! !
!
Table!of!Contents____________________________________!
!!!!!!!!!!
Chapter!1:!Reading!Basics……………………………………………..…..42!
! Chapter!2:!Melodies!based!on!C!major!……………………………..44!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 41
!
Chapter!1:!Reading!Basics!
!
!
Standard!notation!is!the!system!used!to!read!and!write!music.!Just!as!words!and!letters!enable!
writers!to!put!their!thoughts!on!paper,!standard!notation!lets!composers!transcribe!music!from!
sound! onto! the! printed! page.! Musicians! trained! to! read! standard! notation! can! interpret! and!
perform!any!piece!of!written!music!as!the!composer!intended!it!to!be!played.!
!
Why!Learn!to!Read!Music?!
It!isn’t!essential!to!learn!how!to!read!music!in!order!to!play!most!instruments—for!instance,!you!
can! learn! a! few! chords! on! the! guitar! and! then! play! countless! familiar! songs! that! contain! only!
those!few!chords.!However,!the!ability!to!read!music!is!essential!if!you’d!like!to:!
!
• Play! music! that! you! don’t! already! know:! Reading! standard! notation! allows! you! to!
play!any!piece!of!music!correctly,!even!if!you’ve!never!heard!it!before.!

• Play!with!other!musicians!who!read!music:!Though!you!can!play!guitar!in!a!rock!band!
without!ever!reading!music,!most!jazz!and!classical!ensembles!play!music!by!reading!
standard!notation.!

READING!TIPS:!
!
!
1.!Develop!Your!“Relative”!Sense!of!Touch.!

Acquire!the!skill!of!playing!so!that!you!don’t!need!to!look!down!at!your!hands.!Without!looking!
at!the!keyboard,!glide!your!hands!so!you!feel!the!two!and!three!black!keys.!When!you!need!a!C,!
D,!or!E,!feel!for!the!‘2s’.!When!you!need!an!F,!G,!A,!or!B,!feel!for!the!‘3s’.!

2.!Practice!Finger!Technique!Without!Looking!at!Your!Hands.!

A!creative!way!to!do!this!is!to!play!your!scales!and!exercises!in!the!dark.!This!will!add!confidence!
to!your!sense!of!touch.!This!exercise!is!to!further!enhance!tactile!awareness!that!is!developed!in!
step!1.!

3.!Practice!Only!the!Rhythmic!Information.!

In! a! composition! you! are! working! on,! ignore! the! correct! pitches.! Just! play! the! rhythmic!
information!of!the!piece!on!any!notes.!Your!brain!will!enjoy!the!ability!to!work!on!just!one!thing.!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 42
!

4.!Practice!Only!the!Pitch!and!Fingering!Information.!

In! a! composition! you! are! working! on,! ignore! the! correct! rhythm.! Just! play! the! correct! pitches!
along!with!the!correct!fingering.!Don’t!try!to!play!in!time!here.!This!way,!you!can!focus!on!just!
the! right! notes! with! the! right! fingers.! Your! brain! will! enjoy! the! ability! narrow! its! focus.!
Eventually,! you! will! be! able! to! play! the! right! notes! with! the! right! fingering! and! with! the! right!
rhythm!all!at!the!same!time.!

5.!Play!Easy!Pieces!up!to!Tempo.!

Force!yourself!to!keep!going!no!matter!what.!Don’t!worry!about!mistakes.!This!helps!you!to!look!
ahead.!

6.!Play!Difficult!Pieces!Very!Slowly.!

Don’t!dare!make!even!one!mistake.!This!helps!to!develop!accuracy.!

7.!Look!For!Patterns!in!Music.!

Don’t!be!afraid!to!look!way!ahead!for!a!second!just!so!you!can!anticipate!what!will!be!easy!or!
difficult.!Patterns!make!it!easy.!If!you!detect!a!pattern!then!you!can!devote!your!concentration!
to!other!things.!
!

!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 43
 Chapter!2:!Melodies!Based!on!the!C!Major!Scale!

Now!that!you!have!an!understanding!of!how!the!Major!Scale!is!constructed!and!are!familiar!
with!the!staff,!you!are!now!ready!to!work!on!melodic!sightreading.!!

All!of!the!melodies!below!are!based!on!the!C!Major!Scale.!This!means!that!the!notes!that!are!
on!the!staff!all!exist!within!the!C!Major!Scale.!!

In!these!first!two!examples!your!fingers!will!be!assigned!to!one!specific!note!only!and!you!will!
not!shift!your!hand!position.!Be!sure!to!follow!the!right!hand!fingerings!above!the!notes.!!

Ex!6.1!

Ex.!6.2!

These!next!two!examples!will!require!a!shift!in!the!hand!to!make!fingers!available!to!reach!all!
the!notes.!!

Ex.!6.3!

Ex.!6.4!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 44
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 7: Reading With Key Signatures
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!

!
Description__________________________________________!
!
This!unit!focuses!on!the!explanation!and!uses!of!Key!Signatures.!
! !
!
! !
! Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:________!
! • Read!and!play!melodies!in!all!Major!Keys!
• Understand!and!recognize!key!signatures!for!all!Major!
! Keys.!
!
! !
!
Table!of!Contents____________________________________!
! Chapter!1:!Key!Signatures……………………………………….……...….46!
Chapter!2:!Melodies!with!Key!Signatures!…………..……………...47!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit!………………………….…..……50!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !
!
!
! !

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 45
!
Chapter!1:!Key!Signatures!
!

In! musical! notation,! a! Key! Signature! is! a! series! of! sharps! or! flats! placed! on! the! staff,!
designating!notes!that!are!to!be!consistently!sharp!or!flat.!Key!Signatures!tell!the!reader!what!
key!the!piece!of!music!is!in.!!

An!easy!way!to!decipher!a!Key!Signature!is!to!count!the!amount!of!sharps!or!flats!included!in!the!
key!signature!and!relate!it!to!the!major!scale!that!matches!the!key!signature:!
!
The!G!major!scale!includes!one!sharp,!F#.!!
!
Ex!7.1!
!
!
!
!
!
The!key!signature!for!G!major:!
!
!
By!placing!a!sharp!symbol!on!the!top!line!of!treble!clef,!F!is!now!known!to!be!F#.!This!tells!you!
that!this!particular!piece!of!music!is!based!on!the!G!major!scale!and!all!notes,!anywhere!on!the!
grand! staff! is! to! be! F#.! This! makes! the! music! look! neater! and! avoids! the! redundancy! of!
constantly!placing!a!sharp!symbol!next!to!every!F!note.!!
!
!
Key! Signatures! are! written! immediately! after! the! clef! at! the! beginning! of! a! line! of! musical!
notation,!although!they!can!appear!in!other!parts!of!a!score,!notably!after!a!double!bar!or!key!
change.!
!
Ex.!7.2!
D!Major!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!with!key!signature! ! !!!!!without!key!signature!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!7.3!
Bb!Major!
! !!!!!!
!!
!
!
(
Study(your(key(signatures(by(using(the(Circle(of(Fifth’s(diagram.(
(
(
(

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 46
 (
Chapter!2:!Major!Scale!Melodies!with!Key!Signatures!
!
!
The!following!melodies!are!based!on!major!scales!in!different!keys.!Be!sure!to!watch!the!right!
hand!fingerings.!
!
!
!
Ex.!7.4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!major!melody!#1!
!

!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!7.5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!major!melody!#2!
!

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Ex.!7.6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F!major!melody!#1!
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Ex.!7.7!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F!major!melody!#2!
!
!

!
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!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 47
Ex.!7.8!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!D!major!melody!#1!
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Ex.!7.9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!D!major!melody!#2!
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Ex.!7.10!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Bb!major!melody!#1!
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Ex.!7.11!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Bb!major!melody!#2!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 48
 !
Ex.!7.12!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A!major!melody!#1!
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Ex.!7.13!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A!major!melody!#2!
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Ex.!7.14!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Eb!major!melody!#1!
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Ex.!7.15!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Eb!major!melody!#2!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 49
 ! On!Your!Own!
!
!
!
Homework!and!exercise:!
!
• Practice!all!melodies!from!pages!47`49.!
• Practice!very!slowly!to!avoid!wrong!notes!
• Practice!at!slightly!faster!tempos!concentrating!on!your!fingerings!and!rhythm.!Do!not!
stop!if!wrong!notes!are!played.!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 50
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 8: Diatonic & Chromatic
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! Description__________________________________________!
This!unit!focuses!on!diatonic!and!non`diatonic!(chromatic)!scales!
!
and!melodies.!This!unit!will!also!take!a!more!in`depth!look!at!the!
! use!of!accidentals!
! !
!
! !
!
Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:________!
! • Understand!the!definition!of!chromaticism.!!
! • Read!and!play!melodies!that!include!non`diatonic!notes!
• Further!understand!accidentals!
!
!
! !
!
Table!of!Contents____________________________________!
! Chapter!1:!Diatonic!and!Chromatic!Scales!and!Notes…..……..52!
! Chapter!2:!Accidentals,!Part!2!………………….…………………….….54!
Chapter!3:!Major!Melodies!with!Chromaticism……………….….55!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit……….…………………………...56!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 51
!
Chapter!1:!Diatonic!and!Chromatic!Scales!and!Notes!!
!
Until!now,!all!the!melodies!played!have!been!composed!entirely!from!notes!that!belong!to!the!
scales!in!which!they!are!derived!from.!These!notes!are!considered!to!be!diatonic,!because!they!
belong!to!the!scale!that!is!the!basis!for!the!melodies.!!
A!diatonic!scale,!such!as!the!major!scale,!is!a!scale!that!includes!five!whole!steps!and!two!half!
steps.!!All!notes!from!that!scale!are!diatonic!to!that!scale.!This!inherently!does!create!limitations!
on!the!types!of!melodies!that!can!be!written!if!one!is!to!only!use!notes!from!the!scale.!!
This!limitation!can!be!avoided!by!using!notes!that!do!not!belong!to!the!scale.!These!notes!are!
considered!to!be!non`diatonic!or!chromatic.!Let’s!take!a!look!at!the!chromatic!scale,!which!is!a!
scale!made!entirely!of!half!steps!between!each!scale!degree.!
!
Ex.!8.1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!Chromatic!Scale!!(with!right!hand!fingerings)!
!

!
!!
Using!chromaticism!within!a!diatonic!melody!expands!the!harmonic!possibilities!in!music.!Here!
is!an!example!of!a!diatonic!melody!peppered!with!some!chromaticism:!
!
Ex.!8.2!

!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!chromatic!notes!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!D#! !!!A#!
The! melody! above! is! in! the! key! of! C! major,! the! C! major! scale! is! the! basis! or! template! of! the!
piece.!The!notes!D#!and!A#!do!not!exist!in!the!C!major!scale!but!by!adding!these!notes!and!using!
them!sporadically!the!melody!becomes!more!interesting.!Without!the!use!of!the!D#!and!A#!the!
melody!becomes!a!bit!bland:!
Ex.!8.3!

!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 52
In! this! next! melodic! example! utilizing! chromaticism! we! have! a! key! signature,! Bb! major,! and! a!
chromatic!or!non`diatonic!note.!!The!key!signature!has!already!established!that!the!notes!B!and!
E!are!actually!Bb!and!Eb!because!of!the!Bb!major!scale!but!the!note!Db!does!not!belong!to!the!
Bb!major!scale.!Thus,!a!flat!must!be!placed!next!to!the!note.!
!
Ex.!8.4!
!
!
!
!
!
The!term!chromatic!derives!from!the!Greek!word!chroma,!meaning!color.!Chromatic!notes!are!
traditionally!understood!as!harmonically!inessential!embellishments,!shadings,!or!inflections!of!
diatonic!notes.!
!
One! thing! to! note! is! that! chromatic! notes! must! resolve! in! a! logical! way! to! a! diatonic! pitch,!
otherwise! the! overload! of! 'color'! undermines! the! integrity! of! the! key! and! begins! to! suggest! a!
modulation! to! a! different! key! and! will! be! too! misleading! to! the! listener.! As! a! general! rule,!
chromatically!raised!tones!resolve!upward!while!chromatically!lowered!ones!resolve!downward.!
Hence,!chromatically!introduced!A#!usually!goes!upward!to!B!while!Eb!would!go!downward!to!
D.!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 53
!Chapter!2:!Accidentals,!Part!II!
!
In!most!cases,!a!sharp!raises!the!pitch!of!a!note!one!half!step!while!a!flat!lowers!it!one!half!step.!
A! natural! is! used! to! cancel! the! effect! of! a! flat! or! sharp,! whether! from! a! key! signature! or! a!
previous!accidental.!!
Accidentals!have!been!understood!to!continue!for!the!remainder!of!the!measure!in!which!they!
occur.! Therefore,! a! subsequent! note! on! the! same! staff! position! is! still! affected! by! that!
accidental,!unless!replaced!by!an!accidental!of!its!own.!Notes!on!other!staff!positions!(including!
those!that!are!one!octave!away)are!unaffected.!!
Once!a!bar!line!is!passed,!the!effect!of!the!accidental!ends,!except!when!a!note!affected!by!an!
accidental! is! tied! to! the! same! note! across! a! bar! line.! This! system! for! accidentals! operates! in!
conjunction!with!the! key!signature,!whose!effect!continues!throughout!an!entire!piece,!unless!
cancelled!by!another!key!signature.!!
The!key!signature!reduces!the!number!of!accidentals!required!for!a!measure.!This!accomplished!
by!specifying!(in!advance)!the!notes!in!the!key!that!are!usually!flat!or!sharp.!An!accidental!can!be!
used! to! cancel! (or! reinstate)! the! flats! or! sharps! within! the! key! signature! as! well! as! for! the!
duration!of!a!measure.!
Ex.!8.5!
EXAMPLE!USES!OF!ACCIDENTALS!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!F#!!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!!F#!!!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!!!!!!G!!!!!!!!F#!!!!!!!!F!!!!!!!!F#!
!
!
• Measure( One,( Beat( Two:! The! note! is! F#! because! of! the! key! signature! (Key! of! G,! one!
sharp)!
• Measure(One,(Beat(Four:!The!note!is!F!because!the!natural!sign!negates!the!sharp!from!
the!key!signature.!
• Measure(Two,(Beat(Two:!The!note!is!F#!again!because!of!the!key!signature.!The!barline!
cancels!the!natural!sign!from!the!previous!measure!and!reinstates!the!accidental!from!
the!key!signature.!
• Measure(Two,(Beat(Three:!The!note!is!F!because!the!natural!sign!negates!the!sharp!sign!
from!the!key!signature.!!
• Measure(Two,(Beat(Four:!The!natural!sign!is!still!in!effect!so!the!note!is!F!because!we!
are!still!in!the!same!measure.!
• Measure( Three,( Beat( Four:! A! sharp! sign! is! needed! to! reinstate! the! key! signature,!
negating!the!natural!sign!within!the!measure.!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 54
 Chapter!3:!Major!Scale!Melodies!with!Chromaticis!
!m!
The!following!melodies!are!based!on!major!scales!in!different!keys.!Be!sure!to!watch!the!key!
signature!and!accidentals.!!
!
!
Ex.!8.6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Melody!#1!in!C!Major!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex.!8.7!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Melody!#2!in!C!Major!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!Ex.!8.8!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Melody!#3!in!F!Major!
!
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!
!
!
!
Ex.!8.9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Melody!#4!in!G!Major!
!
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Ex.!8.10!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Melody!#5!in!Bb!Major!
!
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!
!
!Ex.!8.11!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Melody!#6!in!D!Major!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 55
!
On!Your!Own!
!
!
Homework!and!exercise:!
!
• Practice!the!melodies!from!page!55.!!
• Pencil!in!your!own!fingerings!
• Be!sure!to!tap!quarter!notes!with!your!foot!and!say!the!note!names!out!loud`!while!
reading!the!music.!!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 56
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 9: Bass Clef Reading and Bass Lines
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! Description__________________________________________!
!
In!this!unit,!you!will!learn!to!read!in!Bass!Clef.!Generic!bass!lines!
!
will!be!analyzed!and!discussed.!!
!
!
!
! Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:________!
!
• Read!melodic!bass!lines!in!Bass!Clef!
!
• Understand!and!perform!a!variety!of!bass!lines!
!
!
Table!of!Contents____________________________________!
!
! Chapter!1:!Bass!Clef!Revisited………………………………………….….58!
! Chapter!2:!General!bass!lines………………………………….……….….59!
! Chapter!3:!Right!Hand!Melodies!with!Left!Hand!Bass……...….61!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Homework!for!this!Unit………………………………….…63!
! !
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! !
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 57
 Chapter!1:!Bass!Clef!Revisited!
!
We!learned!about!the!Bass!Clef!in!Unit!1.!Let’s!take!another!look:!
!
!
Lines!of!Bass!Clef!
Ex.!9.1!
!!
!
!
!
!
An!easy!way!to!memorize!the!lines!of!bass!clef:!!!!!!!!!“Good!Boys!!Do!!Fine!Always”!
!
!
!
!
Spaces!of!Bass!Clef!
Ex.!9.2!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
An!easy!way!to!remember!the!spaces!of!bass!clef:!!!!!!!!“All!Cows!Eat!Grass”!
!
!
!
!
Lines!and!spaces!Combined!
Ex.!9.3!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 58
!Chapter!2:!Bass!Lines!
!
Now!that!you!have!a!clear!understanding!of!both!the!Treble!Clef!and!basic!melodies!(diatonic!
and!chromatic)!it!is!time!to!get!the!left!hand!involved.!Bass!lines!are!essential!to!the!creation!of!
a! songs! feel! and! groove.! A! fitting! bass! line! will! also! add! harmonic! support! to! the! melody! of! a!
particular!tune.!!The!following!examples!contain!generic!bass!lines.!Learning!these!bass!lines!will!
give!you!a!rounded!introduction!to!the!various!phrases!and!riffs!that!fit!a!multitude!of!musical!
styles.!
!
!!
Ex.!9.4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Bossa!Nova!!
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Ex.!9.5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Shuffle!Blues!
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Ex.!9.6! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Blues!Rock!
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Ex.!9.7! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!Funk!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 59
!
Ex.!9.8!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Jazz!Waltz!
!!!
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Ex.!9.9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Mambo!
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Ex.!9.10!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Reggae!
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Ex.!9.11!! ! ! !! !!!!Soul!Funk!
!

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Ex.!9.12!! ! ! ! !!Disco/Dance!
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Ex.!9.13!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!New!Wave/Punk!
!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 60
 Chapter!3:!Right!Hand!Melodies!with!Left!Hand!Bass!
!
!
Now!that!Treble!Clef!melodies!and!Bass!Clef!bass!lines!have!been!explored,!it!is!time!to!combine!
exercises.!Start!by!playing!each!line!individually!and!then!try!combining!the!two:!
!
!
!
Ex.!9.14!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! #1!C!Major!
!
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Ex.!9.15!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!#2!Bb!Major!
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Ex.!9.16!! ! ! ! #3!G!Major!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 61
 Ex.!9.17!! ! ! ! !!#4!F!Major!
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Ex.!9.18!! ! ! !!!!! !!!!#5!D!Major!
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Ex.!9.19!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#6!C!Major!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 62
!
! On!Your!Own!
!
!
Homework!and!exercise:!
!
• Practice!the!bass!lines!from!pages!59`60.!!
• Practice!the!melodies!with!bass!from!pages!61`62.!
• Pencil!in!your!own!fingering!
• Be!sure!to!tap!quarter!notes!with!your!foot!and!say!the!note!names!out!loud!while!
looking!at!the!music.!!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 63
 ! Drum Program
Introduction to Keyboards 1
Unit 10: Whole Tone Scale & Final Review
Curriculum CORE Drum-105 1 C r ed it
!
!
!
!
!
!
! Description!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!_!
!
In!this!unit,!the!whole!tone!scale!will!be!examined!and!explained.!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The!requirements!for!the!final!will!also!be!discussed.!!
! ! !
! !
!
Upon!completion!of!this!unit,!you!should!be!able!to:________!
!
 Understand!the!construction!and!usage!of!the!whole!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!tone!scale.!
!  Properly!prepare!for!the!final!exam.
!
! Table!of!Contents____________________________________!
Chapter!1:!The!Whole!Tone!Scale!……………………….….………..…65!
!
Chapter!2:!Final!Review!and!Requirements!……….….………..….66!
! !
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! !

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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 64
Chapter!1:!The!Whole!Tone!Scale!
!
Now!that!we!have!looked!at!diatonic!(five!whole!steps,!two!half!steps)!and!chromatic!scales!(all!
half!steps)!and!fully!understand!the!composition!of!the!two`let’s!take!a!look!at!another!scale!
called!the!whole!tone!scale.!!
!
The! whole! tone! scale! is! constructed! entirely! of! whole! steps.! The! function! of! the! whole! tone!
scale! is! similar! to! that! of! the! chromatic! scale.! It! allows! for! the! creation! of! non`diatonic! notes!
amidst!diatonic!notes!and!melodies.!Since!they!are!symmetrical,!whole!tone!scales!do!not!give!a!
strong!impression!of!the!tonic!or!tonality.!!
!
The!symmetry!of!the!whole!tone!scale,!along!with!the!physics! (and!make!up)!of!the!keyboard!
and!staff!limits!this!scale!to!encompass!only!two!sets!of!six!tones!each.!See!below:!
!
Ex.!10.1!
!

!
!
!
This! whole! tone! scale! starting! on! C! contains! 6! notes:! C,! D,! E,! F#,! G#! and! A#.! If! you! start! this!
pattern!of!whole!steps!from!any!of!the!notes!in!this!scale,!the!result!will!be!the!exact!same!6!
notes.!
!
!
Starting!this!pattern!from!the!note!F!creates!the!second!whole!tone!scale:!
!
Ex.!10.2!

!
!
!
The!whole!tone!scale!is!prominent!in!many!classical!(Mozart,!Rimsy`Korsakov,!Debussy)!and!Jazz!
(Art! Tatum,! Thelonious! Monk,! John! Coltrane)! compositions! but! is! also! featured! in!You! Are! the!
Sunshine!of!My!Life!by!Stevie!Wonder!and!also!commonly!utilized!in!Indian!Raga!music.!!
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Chapter!2:!Final!Review!

The!final!exam!consists!of!two!parts:!
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1. Written!Test:!
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 Understand!and!recognize!Treble!and!Bass!clefs:!including!the!naming!of!notes!
on!each!stave.!
 Name!notes!on!ledger!lines!
 Explain!the!“formula”!for!major!scales!(W`W`1/2`W`W`W`1/2)!
 Name!the!notes!of!the!keys!on!the!piano!keyboard!
 Explain!and!recognize!enharmonic!equivalents!
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2. Performance:!
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 Major!scales:!play!one!sharp!key!and!one!flat!key!scale!picked!randomly!by!the!
instructor.!!
 Play!a!melody!(that!you!pick!and!prepare)!a!two!handed!melody!from!Unit!9,!
pages!61`62.!!
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Introduction!to!Keyboards/Drum!Program!by!Stewart!Jean!©!2010!Musicians!Institute!All!rights!reserved! 68