Windows PowerShell

Agenda
Introduction

PowerShell - Goals

Powershell – Basics

Working with Objects

 Introduction - Chronology

• command.com –> MSMS--DOS (~1982)

• cmd.exe -> Windows NT (~1988)
• Windows Script Host -> Windows 98
• Windows PowerShell -> Exchange Server 2007
 Introduction - command.com

• CLI UI for MS
MS--DOS
• Default MS-
MS-DOS shell
• First program run after boot
• Executes AUTOEXEC.BAT configuration file
 Introduction – cmd.exe

• Analog of command.com in MS-

MS-DOS
• Paths completation
• Commands History
• Extensions for commands IF,FOR,SET
 Introduction - WSH

• Automation technology for scripting

• Language indipendent
• Supports different 3rd party scripting engines
• Virus and malaware security issues
• Restriction Policies only for signed scripts
scripts..
 Introduction – PowerShell (1)

• Command Line Interface + Scripting language

• Based on .NET Framework OOP
• Extensible Shell ( cmdlets definition )
• Combination of cmdlets
 Introduction – PowerShell (2)

• Unix-like and C#-

Unix- C#-like syntax
• Shortcuts and aliases
• Iteration,, Conditional blocks
Iteration blocks,, Variables
• -WHATIF, -CONFIRM support
• Access to file system and System Registry
 PowerShell - Goals

• Bridge the gap with Unix shells

• Give a complete tool for
for::
– System administration
– System configuration
– Automated administration and configuration
 PowerShell - Basics
A bit of syntax

First CmdLets

CmdLets combination

Creating scripts
 PowerShell – A bit of syntax (1)
• CmdLet syntax = <<verbverb>>-<noun
noun>>
e.g.: get-
get-help
• Parameters = – <parameter_name
parameter_name>>
e.g. : get
get--help –detailed
• Aliases : “get
“get--help
help”” or “help” or “man”
• Piping = <command1> | <command2>
e.g. get-
get-help * | get-
get-help –detailed
 PowerShell – A bit of syntax (2)
• Output redirection :
e.g. get-
get-help * > c:/file.txt
• Wildcards :
* : zero or more characters - ( a* : an an,, anna
anna))
? : one character - (a? : an
an,, al, ai)
[a-
[a-z] : range of characters - (a[l
(a[l--n] : al,
al,am
am,,an)
an)
[bc
bc]] : specified characters - (a[
(a[lns
lns]] : al,an
al,an,,as)
as)
 First CommandLets

• Get-Help -> the most important

Get- important!!
• Get--Help –Detailed -> the 2
Get 2°° most important
important!!
• Set--Location -> aliased by Cd
Set
• Get--ChildItem -> aliased by dir or ls
Get
• Set--Location e Get
Set Get--ChildItem are used also in
the SystemRegistry and in the units : env
env:: ,
Function:: , Alias: e Variable
Function Variable::
 First CommandLets

• Get – <something
something>>
• Set – <something
something>>
->To Get or Set informations
informations,, properties
properties,, etc
• Import
Import––<something
something>>
• Export
Export––<something
something>>
-> To Import or Export objects from and into
specified file formats
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :

Get-ChildItem – path
Get-
C:\\Users\
C: Users\Laptop\
Laptop\Desktop
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :

Get-ChildItem – path
Get-
C:\\Users
C: Users\\Laptop
Laptop\\Desktop –recurse |
Measure--Object –Property Lenght –sum
Measure
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :
(
Get-ChildItem -Path
Get-
C:\\Users\
C: Users\Laptop\
Laptop\Desktop -recurse |
Measure--Object -Property Length –sum
Measure
).sum / 1Gb
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :

Get--ChildItem –Recurse
Get
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :

Get-ChildItem –Recurse |
Get-
Where--Object {$_ -match ‘^b
Where ‘^b’}
’}
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :

Get-ChildItem –Recurse |
Get-
Where--Object {$_ -match ‘^b
Where ‘^b’}
’} |
Measure--Object –Property Lenght
Measure
-Average
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :

Get-ChildItem –Recurse |
Get-
Where--Object {$_ -match ‘^b
Where ‘^b’}
’} |
Measure--Object –Property Lenght
Measure
-Average > result.txt
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :
Get--Process wi*
Get
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :
Foreach ( $_ in ( Get
Get--Process wi* ) )
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :
Foreach ( $_ in ( Get-
Get-Process wi* ) )
{
If ( $_.Name –match ‘^w
‘^w’’ )

}
 CommandLets Combination
• Example :
Foreach ( $_ in ( Get-
Get-Process wi* ) )
{
If ( $_.Name –match ‘^w
‘^w’’ )
{ $_.Name, $_.Cpu }
}
 PowerShell – Creating Scripts

• Scripts usually have “.ps1” extension

• We can:
– Create/
Create/Edit
Edit them with Notepad <- BAD!
– Create/
Create/Edit
Edit them with PowerShell ISE
 PowerShell – Creating Scripts
• First of all : Threat Prevention
Prevention!!
• We have to change the Execution Policy

set-executionpolicy remotesigned
 PowerShell Creating Scripts

• Digital Signature
• A script can be certified by
by::
– An authority
– Ourselves

Get-Help Set-AhutenticodeSignature
Working With Objects
.NET

Creating an Object

Using .NET Objects

Exporting on XML
 .NET

• .NET is the Microsoft architecture software

development for Windows.
• Provides a multi
multi--language development
framework..
framework
• Desktop or Web or Mobile Applications
• Web Services
 .NET

• PowerShell can work with .NET Objects:

Objects:
– Instatiate
– Set & Get Properties
– Call Methods
 Creating an Object

• $date = New
New--Object DateTime 2010,05,26
• $list = New-
New-Object
System.Collections.Generic.List[<
System.Collections.Generic.List [<Type
Type>]
>]
• $list_of_date = New
New--Object
System.Collections.Generic.List[[DateTime
System.Collections.Generic.List DateTime]]
 Using .NET Objects

• $date = New
New--Object DateTime 2009,11,20
• $date2 = New
New--Object DateTime 2010,05,27
• $date3 = New
New--Object DateTime 2010,04,24
• $list_of_date.Add(($date
$list_of_date.Add $date))
• $list_of_date.Add($date2)
$list_of_date.Add ($date2)
• $list_of_date.Add($date3)
$list_of_date.Add ($date3)
 Using .NET Objects

• I want the ordered list

list!!
!!
• $list_of_date.Sort()
$list_of_date.Sort ()
• I want it reverse!!
• $list_of_date.Reverse()
$list_of_date.Reverse ()
 Exporting on XML

• myScript.ps1 | Export
Export--Clixml <FileName>
FileName>
• $variable = myScript.ps1
$variable | Export
Export--Clixml <FileName
FileName>>
• $myObject | Export
Export--Clixml <FileName>
FileName>
THAT’S IT!