INDEX
Index Terms Links
Air insulated fuses 177 181
ALSTOM Medium Voltage Switchgear,
South Africa 19 116 130 139
150
ALSTOM T&D Ltd 13 15 62 98
112 120 124 127
130 133 140 146
150 154 184 193
200 214
Analysis of vacuum and SF6 certificates 121
Arc control pot 11
Arc interruption 9 104 231
Architecture of primary switchgear 124
Arcing contact tips 66
Asymmetrical breaking capacity 202
Automatic routine test facilities 214
Automatic sectionalising links 162
Autoreclose sequence on transient and
permanent faults 173
Autorecloser protection 157
Autorecloser standards
Autoreclosers and magnetic actuators 165
Axial magnetic field vacuum interruption 19
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Index Terms Links
Back-to-back capacitor switching 82 190 204 217
Back-up fuses 182
Basic impulse (BIL) tests 197
Basic short circuit 32
Baur’s law 95
Biot–Savarts law 55
Blow-off force 63
Breakdown voltages and gas pressure 94
Breakdown voltages of SF6, air and oil 95
Brush Switchgear Ltd 26
Butt-type contacts 23
Cable connected secondary switchgear 135
Cassie’s theory 9
Choice of materials for use in SF6
Chronology of autorecloser development 172
Circuit breakers 2 7 10 13
24 36 41 45
48 66 68 79
84 93 104 121
124 128 136 138
143 149 157 161
179 185 187 189
191 214 218 226
231 236
Clean room assembly 19
Closed loop overhead distribution system 165
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Index Terms Links
Common base MVA 34
Comparative cost of ownership 223
Components of switchgear 2
Composite insulation 98 101
Concentric ring distribution network 141
Components for a fixed circuit breaker 8
Contact closing speed 214
Contact closing time 213
Contact design 23 63
Contact entry profile 67
Contact loading 43 45 53 57
59 67 108 204
Contact misalignment 67
Contact opening time 214
Contact stroke 108 214
Contact travel 191 201 204 209
214
Cooper Bussmann, Cooper (UK) Ltd 162 176 178
Cooper Power Systems 19 162
Co-ordination of autoreclosers and
sectionalisers 161
Cost of ownership 221
Cubicle housed secondary switchgear 151
Current and voltage transformers 123 210 229
Current chopping 28 77 232
Cut-off of an HRC fuse 178
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Index Terms Links
Dead time 157 159
Decay of d.c. current 46
Decrement factor 48 50
Delayed trip 48 157
Delta–Star transformations 36
Design and visual checks 212 215
Development tests 189 190 204 207
Diffuse vacuum arc 16
Dilo Armaturen und Anlagen GmbH 22
DIN Standard fuses 181
Directly mounted RMU 139
Discharge level design practice 90
Discharges in oil and gasses 89
Discharge in solid insulation 90
Disconnectors 2 104 170 173
187 189 236
Discrimination with the LV fuses 144
Dissipation time for hydrogen 11
Double break oil circuit breaker 13
Dynamic analysis of magnetic flux 116
Earth switches 2 127 187 189
Electrical close 104
Electrical discharge 89 170 182 197
199
Electrical flashover due to free water 91
Electrical stress 87 96 99
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Electrical trip 104
Electromagnetic compatibility tests 209
Electromagnetic forces and contact
design 55
Electromagnetic forces in three phase
faults 65
Electrostatic field plots 88 98
Electrical flashover caused by indirect
discharge 92
Elements of secondary switchgear 137
Energy of operation 104
ERA type discharge detector 200
Evolution of vacuum interrupters 123
Extensible outdoor switchgear 142
Extensible Ringmaster switchboard 150
Falcon protection scheme 148
Falcon ring-main unit 24 146
Fault in a dry type termination 32
Fault level calculations 31 33
Fault level of overhead lines 159
FKI 167
Force on parallel conductors 55
Four finger isolating contacts 60
Fulgurite 177 105
Full range fuses 182 185
2
Fuse—I t characteristics 179
Fuse—Peak let-through characteristics 179
2
Fuse—Pre-arching I t characteristics 180
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Fuse—Time/current characteristics 179
Fuse discrimination with circuit breakers
and LV fuses 183
Fuse distribution applications 184
Fuse element 178
Fuse end caps 175
Fuse minimum breaking capacity 178
Fuse normal current rating 177 182
Fuse rating 124 177
Fuse striker pin 176 181
Fuses 2 9 124 138
147 157 162 175
177 187 226 231
236
Gas dryness 23
Gas insulated primary switchgear 133
Gas leakage 21 208
Gas pressure 12 21 29 94
Gas tightness tests 208
GENIE circuit breaker 150
Genie fixed circuit breaker 8
GH, GN3E & GN3VE sectionalisers 163
Glass reinforced substation building 140
Groupe Schneider 8 26
GVR Autorecloser 168
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Halogen leak detector 21
High ambient temperatures 192
Historical background to overhead
secondary switchgear 153
HMC1172 Direct on-line starter 184
Horizontally isolated circuit breaker with
separate earth switch 127
Horizontally isolated circuit breaker with top
stem rotation 127
Horizontally isolated circuit breaker with
vertical transfer 128
Horizontally isolated circuit breaker 4 5 58 127
HRC Fuse links 175 180
HV Fuse link 183
Hydraulic control 159 164
Hydroformed bellows 16
Hydrogen circuit breaker 11
Icing tests 190 209
Impedance resolution in complex networks 36
Impulse generator 197
Impulse test arrangements 199
Independent operation 104
Influence of electrode gap upon breakdown
voltage 95
Instantaneous trip 157 161
Instantaneous value of current 45 55
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Insulation 2 20 23 25
28 65 79 81
87 98 119 123
151 160 167 170
173 178 197 204
209 227
Interconnected resistances 33
Internal fault tests 205
Interrupter coil turns and arc duration 26
Interruption of load current 73
Interruption of small inductive currents 77
Interruption techniques 9
Ion Services Ltd 21
Islands of intelligence 166
Isolating contacts 5 59 62 69
125 132
Kema Laboratories 121 188 198 200
205
Kyle 17 155 161 167
169
Laplace’s Law 55
Let-through energy 175 180
Lockout 157
Low VA trip coil 112 148
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Magnetic energy density 114
Magnetic actuators 104 111 165 167
229 232
Magnetic actuator operating force/stroke
characteristic 116
Magnetic actuator operating oscillograms 117
Magnetic actuators—principle of operation 111
Manual close 104
Manual trip 103
Medelec Switchgear Ltd Malta 98 129
Metcalf effect 176
Metallic Fluorides 23
Moissan and Lebeau 20
National, International and Customer
specifications 235
Nichrome elements 175
Nova Autorecloser 167 169
Oil switchgear 10 24 119
Oil-tight fuses 180
Operating features 104
Operating mechanisms 3 103 108 111
155 229
Operating times and speeds 103 208 209 212
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Index Terms Links
Oscillogram of a three phase fault 45
Overhead conductor connected switchgear 153
Parallel, opposite direction currents 56 63
Parallel, same direction currents 56 59
Partial discharge tests 199
Partial range fuses 178 182
Paschen’s Curve 15
Paschen’s law 14 94
Peak current of asymmetrical current 43
Per unit reactance 33 41
Percentage d.c. component and the opening
time 46
Plain break oil circuit breaker 11
PMR Autorecloser 24
Pole mounted autorecloser 154
Polystyrene thermal insulation 192
Power factor and d.c. component 46
Power frequency test (Dry) 190
Power frequency test (Wet) 190
Pre-arcing 67 170 179
Pressure/temperature characteristics of SF6
gas 23
Primary substation arrangement 119
Primary switchgear 10 119 124 130
233
Principle of vacuum interrupter drive 115
Product conformity 211
Puffer type interrupter features 26
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Puffer type interrupters 27
Quality control 211 215
Quartz filling 176
Radial feeder 136 173
Ratings 15 79 121 145
148 161 165 167
173 177 181 184
204 212 226
Reclaim time 157 159
References and further reading 231
Reignition surges 84
Relative merits of vacuum and SF6
switchgear 29
Remote monitoring and operation 166
Reports and Certificates 187
Reverse feed RMU 143
Ring-main network 135
Ringmaster RMU 150
Rittenhause’s patent 15
Roller toggle latch 105
Rotating arc SF6 interrupters 24
Rotationally isolated circuit breaker 130
Routine main circuit resistance
measurements 212
Routine mechanical operations tests 212
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Routine power frequency tests 212
Routine tests 211
Routine voltage test on control and auxiliary
wiring 212
Sabre extensible outdoor secondary
switchgear 142
Schematic diagram of a magnetic actuator 165
Schematic of HV solenoid operated
autorecloser 156
Schneider Electric 137 139 148 150
Secondary distribution switchboards 148
Sectionalisers 161 238
Sequence 157 170 175 179
188 191 200 203
213 227
Serial numbers 211 216 218
Service problem resolution 211 217
SF6 Gas handling equipment 22
SF6 switchgear 20 23 28 161
222 232
Short-time current test 96 204
Shots to lockout 157 159
Single phasing 179 185
Slepian’s theory 9
Sliding frictional resistance of contacts 68
Solid insulation 89 95 99 151
167 170 197 229
Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH 20
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South Wales Switchgear 24 26
Spillage current 144
Spring operated mechanisms 105 109
Standard (BIL) waveform 198
Stored energy within capacitance 71
Stored energy within inductance 71
Stress generated by insulation shrinkage 96
SVB5 circuit breaker 5
Switch Disconnector 2
Switch Fuse 2
Switches 2 5
Switchgear type tests 187
Switching transients 71
Symmetrical fault level 217
System earthing on the transient recovery
voltage 72
Talus 200E remote terminal unit 148
Temperature rise calculations 191
Technology 225
Terminal short-circuit tests 200
Test duty 4 oscillogram 204
Test duty 5 oscillogram 205
Test voltages 136
The future—competition 225
The future—manufacturing base 228
The future—materials 227
The future—size 228
The future—technology 225
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The future—manufacturing 227
The future—specifications 226
Three link kinematic chain 108
Three-phase tripping 179
Time/Fuse protection 146
T-off protection 142
Toshiba 17
Transformer impedance 34
Transformer inrush current 144
Transformer over-rating 144
Transient fault 154 157
TriMod type 300 series autorecloser 167
Trip and close latches 103
Trip free 104
Type tests 46 48 65 68
81 187 190 204
211 213 218
Type VSAM interrupter 17
Typical early rural network 154
V802 Vacuum interrupter 15
Vacuum interrupter contact force and kA theory 9
rating 114
Vacuum switchgear 14 28 120 150
221 223 231
Velocity ratio 103 108
Vertically isolated circuit breaker 5 214
Vertically isolated horizontally withdrawn
switchgear 124
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VMX switchboard 7
Voids in solid insulation 91
Voltage sharing 13 226
Voltage spike 177
VPR Autorecloser with integral series
disconnector 170
W. Lucy & Co. Ltd 142
Water ingress tests 209
Weight operated pole mounted autorecloser 155
Westinghouse, USA 20
Worst case in terms of peak current 51
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