Scribd
Upload
118 views

Synthetic Grammatical Forms Are Built by Means of The Morphemic Composition of The

The document discusses different types of grammatical forms including synthetic forms which unite lexical and grammatical meaning in one word using affixes, and analytical forms which use two or more words with an auxiliary. It provides examples of synthetic forms like "beds" and analytical forms like "were playing". It also discusses categories of grammar realized through oppositions like number through singular/plural, tense through actional/stative verbs, and mood through the speaker's attitude. Finally, it analyzes words in a sentence into their lexical and grammatical components.

Uploaded by

Сергей Александров
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
118 views

Synthetic Grammatical Forms Are Built by Means of The Morphemic Composition of The

The document discusses different types of grammatical forms including synthetic forms which unite lexical and grammatical meaning in one word using affixes, and analytical forms which use two or more words with an auxiliary. It provides examples of synthetic forms like "beds" and analytical forms like "were playing". It also discusses categories of grammar realized through oppositions like number through singular/plural, tense through actional/stative verbs, and mood through the speaker's attitude. Finally, it analyzes words in a sentence into their lexical and grammatical components.

Uploaded by

Сергей Александров
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Krys Serhii | LE - 71

1. Grammatical forms can be morphemes, synthetic forms, and grammatical word


combinations, which are analytical forms. Synthetic forms unite both lexical and grammatical
meanings in one word. In analytical forms there two or more words in which at least one
element is an auxiliary.
Synthetic grammatical forms are built by means of the morphemic composition of the
word. This includes the morphemic means: outer inflexion with the help of adding grammatical
suffixes to the stems of the words, inner inflexion, or vowel interchange inside the root, and
suppletivity, when different roots are combined within the same paradigm (go – went).
Synthetic:
Bed – beds
Tooth – teeth
Good – better
Малювати – намалювати
дом – домик
Analytical grammatical forms are built by the combination of the notional word with
auxiliary words. Analytical forms consist of two words which together express one grammatical
meaning; they are grammatically idiomatic: the meaning of the grammatical form is not
immediately dependent on the meanings of its parts.
Analytical:
Play – were playing
Do – have done
Make – will make
Працювати – буду працювати
Ймовірно – більш ймовірно
2.
Twas brillig (adjective), and the slithy (adjective) toves (noun)
Did gyre (verb) and gimble (verb) in the wabe (noun):
All mimsy (noun) were the borogoves (noun),
And the mome (noun) raths (verb) outgrabe.
3.
The category of case is based on having animate and inanimate properties.
The category of number is realized through the opposition singular or plural.
The category of voice is realized according to the implicit grammatical meaning of transitivity
and intransitivity.
The category of tense is realized through the opposition of actional and stative verbs. The
category of tense can also be is realized through the opposition “finite” and “non-finite”.
The category of degrees of comparison is restricted within the subclass of qualitative
descriptive adjectives. Is realized through the opposition qualitative relative adjective.
The category of mood is a significational grammatical category that does not refer to anything
in the objective reality, but denotes the speakers attitude to the reality.
4.
News – uncoutableness and inanimateness.
Ice – uncoutableness and inanimateness.
To decide – implicit grammatical meaning of stativeness and terminativeness.
To lend - implicit grammatical meaning of transitivity.
5.
Breathing (breath – lexical; ing – word-building)
he whispers (he – lexical: whisper – lexical: s - grammatical)
recovering (recover – lexical; ing – word-building)
seizure (seiz(e) – lexical; re - word-building)
evidently (evident – lexical; ly – word-building)
watchcat (watch – lexical; cat – lexical)
lower (low – lexical; er – grammatical)
directions (direct – lexical; tion – word-building; s – grammatical)
teacher (teach – lexical; er – grammatical)
6.
Clutching his broken glasses to his face, Harry stared around. He had emerged into an alleyway
that seemed to be made up entirely of shops devoted to the Dark Arts. The one he’d just left,
Borgin and Burks, looked like the largest, but opposite was a nasty window display of shrunken
heads and, two doors down, a large cage was alive with gigantic black spiders. Two shabby-
looking wizards were watching him from the shadow of a doorway, muttering to each other.
Broken (free)
face (free)
around (bound)
had (semi-bound) emerged (e – bound; merge – free; ed – bound)
alleyway (alley – free; way – free)
devoted – (de – bound; vote – free; ed – bound)
he’d left (‘d – semi-bound; left – free)
largest (large – free; est – bound)
display (display – free)
was alive (was – semi-bound; a-bound; live – free)
gigantic (gigant – free; ic – bound)
shabby-looking (shabby – free; look – free; ing – bound)
were watching (were – semi-bound; watch – free; ing – bound)

You might also like