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W-1-Day-1-D - Network Modelling in PSSE

This document provides an overview of modeling electrical power systems in PSS/E, including how to model network elements such as substations, transmission lines, loads, generators, transformers, and DC/FACTS devices. Key components include assigning unique bus numbers, modeling transmission lines as PI circuits, and entering transformer impedance and rating data. Generator modeling requires specifying active and reactive power outputs as well as machine impedance values.

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KASHIF
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870 views31 pages

W-1-Day-1-D - Network Modelling in PSSE

This document provides an overview of modeling electrical power systems in PSS/E, including how to model network elements such as substations, transmission lines, loads, generators, transformers, and DC/FACTS devices. Key components include assigning unique bus numbers, modeling transmission lines as PI circuits, and entering transformer impedance and rating data. Generator modeling requires specifying active and reactive power outputs as well as machine impedance values.

Uploaded by

KASHIF
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“TRAINING ON ELECTRICAL POWER

SYSTEM STUDIES USING PSS/E”

NETWORK MODELLING IN PSS/E


BASIC COURSE (WEEK 1 DAY 1-D)

USAID’s SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR


PAKISTAN (SEP) PROJECT
Network Elements

• Substations
• Lines/Cables
• Loads
• Generators
• Transformer
• Fixed/Switched Shunts
• DC/FACTS
Buses – Substation Modelling
Bus Data

Bus Number
• Unique for each bus, max. 999997
• Buses sorted in ascending order (default)
• Presentation of the elements' сonnecting buses – bus
with lower number presented first
• Organization of the bus numbering makes modeling
and manipulation with the modelled data easier:
Bus Data
➢ Info about number of SS, what to model & level of detail
➢ Bus ranges per voltage level, per each substation...
➢ Bus number offset for different systems (country, TSO...) to
be separated
Bus Data
Bus Base Voltage
• kV, default: 0.0
• Base voltage of connecting buses is used for calculation of
line and TR* parameters in per unit
Area/Zone/Owner
• Area = country,
➢ e.g. Pakistan
• Zone = operating area
➢ e.g. LESCO, MEPCO, FESCO…
• Owner = e.g. voltage level
Bus Data
Bus Code
• Interconnected system must have at least one global swing
bus specified
• In service generator connected to bus with code 1 is not
operational
Bus Data
Bus Voltage Limits
• Normal limits
• Emergency limits
• Entered in kV or pu based on settings
Transmission Line
• Transmission line are modelled as Equivalent PI
connected between network buses in PSS/E
• R, X and B can be expressed in actual value (ohms) or in
per-unit (pu)
• Branch rating in MVA – up to 3 values: Rate A, B and C
• “From bus" number,
• “To bus" number,
• Id – 1 or 2 character uppercase nonblank alphanumeric
circuit identifier;
Transmission Line

• Line G/B - Complex admittance of the line shunt at the


From/To bus of the branch; entered in pu. BI is
negative for a line connected reactor and positive for
line connected capacitor.
Transmission Line
Length
R (Ω) X (Ω) B (μS)
(km)
Line R Line X Charging B 54.8 1.616 18.688 184.731
(ohms) (ohms) (μF)
1.616 18.688 0.588018

Line R Line X Charging B


(pu) (pu) (pu)
0.001010 0.011680 0.295568
Transmission Line

Current limit: Power rating (MVA):


Transformers
Line Data
• From Bus Number and Name
• To Bus Number and Name
• Transformer Name
• In/Out Service
• Metered on From/To end
• Winding 1 on From/To end
I/O Data
• Winding I/O code
• Impedance I/O code
• Admittance I/O code
Transformers
Transformer Impedance data
• Specified R (P.U)
• Specified X (P.U)
• Magnetizing (G and B)
• Impedance Table
• R and X table corrected (PU)
Transformer Nominal Rating Data
• Winding 1 Ratio / Winding 1 Ratio
• Winding 1 nominal kV / Winding 1 nominal kV
• Winding 1-2 angle (degrees)
• Winding MVA (100 MVA if impedance is converted at system base
of 100 MVA otherwise rated MVA may be used)
• Rate A, B and C
Transformers
Control Data
• Controlled Bus number and name
• Control Mode
• Tap positions
• R1 max/min (PU): range of max / min tap changing (1.1 to
0.9 default)
• V max/min (PU): range of voltage regulation (1.1 to 0.9
default)
• Load Drop Comp data :R and X (PU):The load drop
compensation impedance for voltage controlling
transformers
Transformers

From To
Bus Bus
400 kV 110 kV

Metered From Bus (default)


Winding 1 Side From Bus (regulating side)
Tap Positions
Winding MVA Base 300 MVA
Rate A,B,C 300 MVA,...
Winding 1 Nominal kV 400 kV
Winding 2 Nominal kV 115 kV
Transformers

Rmax

Rmin

Wnd 1 Ratio

Wnd 2 Ratio

Turns ratio
Winding Voltage (kV)
(pu on bus base kV)
Winding I/O Code
Transformers

Specified R
Specified X
Impedance I/O Code Load loss & |Z|

Magnetizing G
Magnetizing B
Admittance I/O Code No load loss & Exc. I
Transformers

Rmax = 1.05 pu
1.025
Rmin = 0.95 pu
Vmax = 1.02 pu
1.01 pu 0.98 pu
Vmin = 0.97 pu
107
Controlled bus
Voltage control in Controlled bus to be within specified limits Vmax/Vmin by adjusting Tap ratio in Rmax/Rmin range

Wnd 1 Ratio (pu or kV) 1.025 1.05 Rmax (ratio or angle)


Controlled Bus 107 0.95 Rmin (ratio or angle)
Control Mode Voltage 1.02 Vmax (pu, MW or Mvar)
Auto Adjust Yes 0.97 Vmin (pu, MW or Mvar)
√
Generating Plant Models
• Bus Code 2 or 3 (Swing Bus)
• Each bus specified in the bus data input with a type
code of two (2) or three (3) must have a generator data
record entered for it
Generator Data in PSS/E
I, ID, PG, QG, QT, QB, VS, IREG, MBASE, ZR, ZX, RT, XT, GTAP,
STAT, RMPCT, PT, PB, O1, F1, ....O4, F4
Note :VS,IREG and RMPCT data at Plants data
Generator Data
• I - Bus number, or extended bus name enclosed in
single quotes
• ID - One- or two-character uppercase non blank
alphanumeric machine identifier used to distinguish
among multiple machines at bus "I"
• PG - Generator active power output; entered in MW
PG = 0.0 by default
Generator Data
• QG - Generator reactive power output; entered in
Mvar. QG needs to be entered only if the case, as read
in, is to be treated as a solved case. QG = 0.0 by default
• QT - Maximum generator reactive power output;
entered in Mvar. For fixed output generators (i.e.,
nonregulating), QT must be equal to the fixed Mvar
output. QT = 9999.0 by default
Generator Data
• QB - Minimum generator reactive power output;
entered in Mvar. For fixed output generators, QB must
be equal to the fixed Mvar output. QB = -9999.0 by
default
• VS - Regulated voltage setpoint; entered in pu. VS = 1.0
by default
• Pmax - Maximum generator active power output;
entered in MW
• Pmin - Minimum generator active power output;
entered in MW
Generator Data
• IREG - Bus number, or extended bus name enclosed in
single quotes, of a remote type 1 or 2 bus whose
voltage is to be regulated by this plant to the value
specified by VS.
• MBASE - Total MVA base of the units represented by
this machine; entered in MVA. This quantity is not
needed in normal power flow and equivalent
construction work, but is required for switching
studies, fault analysis, and dynamic simulation.
MBASE = system base MVA by default
Generator Data
• ZR,ZX - Complex machine impedance, ZSORCE; entered in pu on
MBASE base. This data is not needed in normal power flow and
equivalent construction work, but is required for switching studies,
fault analysis, and dynamic simulation.
➢ For dynamic simulation, this impedance must be set equal to the
unsaturated subtransient impedance for those generators to be
modeled by subtransient level machine models, and to
unsaturated transient impedance for those to be modeled by
classical or transient level models.
➢ For short-circuit studies, the saturated subtransient or transient
impedance should be used. ZR = 0.0 and ZX = 1.0 by default.
Generator Data
• RT, XT - Step-up transformer impedance, XTRAN; entered
in pu on MBASE base. XTRAN should be entered as zero if
the step-up transformer is explicitly modeled as a
network branch and bus "I" is the terminal bus. RT+jXT =
0.0 by default.
• GTAP - Step-up transformer off-nominal turns ratio;
entered in pu. GTAP is used only if XTRAN is nonzero.
GTAP = 1.0 by default
• STAT - Initial machine status of one for in-service and zero
for out-of-service; STAT = 1 by default
Generator Data
• RMPCT - Percent of the total Mvar required to hold the
voltage at the bus controlled by this bus "I" that are to
be contributed by the generation at bus "I"; RMPCT
must be positive
• PT - Maximum generator active power output; entered
in MW. PT = 9999.0 by default
• PB - Minimum generator active power output; entered
in MW. PB = -9999.0 by default
Generator Data
• Oi - Owner number; (1 through the maximum number
of owners at the current size level)
• Fi - Fraction of total ownership assigned to owner Oi;
each Fi must be positive
Modeling of Generator Step-Up
Transformers (GSU)
• The Implicit Method
➢ The transformer data forms part of the generator data
list
➢ The transformer is not represented as a transformer
branch

• The Explicit Method


➢ The transformer data does not appear in the generator
data.
➢ It is entered separately in a transformer branch data list
Modeling of Generator Step-Up
Transformers (GSU)
• The Implicit Method
p.u on MBASE
G
XT

Generator Generator Step-Up High


Transformer Voltage
Bus
• The Explicit Method
Generator
Terminal Bus
p.u on SBASE
G
XT
Generator
Low Generator Step-Up High
Voltage Transformer Voltage
Bus Bus

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