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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Advanced Fluid Mechanics (noc20-me54)

QUESTION 1:
A Pitot-static probe can often be seen protruding from the underside of an airplane (as shown in
figure). As the airplane flies, the probe measures relative wind speed. This measurement process

(relative to the aeroplane) is

(a) A Lagrangian approach.

(c) An Eulerian approach.

(d) Cannot be stated since the airplane is flying.

Correct Answer: c

Detailed Solution:

Relative to the airplane, the probe is fixed and the air flows around it. We are not following
individual fluid particles as they move. Instead, we are measuring a field variable at a particular
location in space relative to the moving airplane. Thus this is an Eulerian measurement.

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QUESTION 2:
A two dimensional flow is described in the Lagrangian system as
x  x0e kt  y0 (1  e2kt ) and y  y0ekt
The equation of path line of the particle will be
(a)  x  y0  y 2  x0 y0 y  y03  0
(b)  x  y0  y 2  x0 y0  y02  0
(c)  x  x0  y 2  x0 y0 y  y02  0
(d)  x  x0  y 2  x0 y0 y  y03  0

Correct Answer: a

Detailed Solution: It is given that y  y0ekt

y0   y 2 
or x  x0  y0 1   0  
y   y  
or  x  y0  y 2  x0 y0 y  y03  0
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QUESTION 3:
The velocity field in a fluid medium is given by V   x  4 y  iˆ   y  4x  ˆj . The flow is
(a) incompressible and rotational
(b) incompressible and irrotational
(c) compressible and irrotational
(d) compressible and rotational

Correct Answer: a

Detailed Solution:

It is given that
u  x  4 y , v   y  4x
u v
Thus,  1 and  1
x y
u v
Therefore,  0
x y
The above velocity field satisfies the continuity equation for incompressible flow. Thus the flow
is incompressible.
v
Now,  4
x
u
4
y
The rotation is given by
1  v u  1
z       4  4  4
2  x y  2
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QUESTION 4:

A two-dimensional flow field has velocities along the x and y directions given by u  x2t and
v  2xy2t respectively, where t is time. The equation of streamline for the given velocity field
will be
(a) 2ln x  1/ y  constant
(b) x2 y  constant
(c) 2ln x  1/ y  constant
(d) 2ln x  ln y  constant

Correct Answer: a

Detailed Solution:
The equation of a streamline in two-dimensional flow is
dx dy

u v
Substituting the x and y component of velocities in the equation of streamline, we have
dx dy
2

xt 2 xy 2t
dx dy
or, 2  2
x y
Integrating the above equation, one can write
2ln x  1/ y  C

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QUESTION 5:

Given an unsteady temperature field T  x2 y  z  3t K   and unsteady velocity field

V  xyi  zj  5t k , what will be the time rate of change of temperature of a particle located at
the point  2, 2,1 at the time t = 2s ?
(a) 3 K/s
(b) 1 K/s
(c) 49 K/s
(d) 23 K/s

Correct Answer: c

Detailed Solution:
Material derivative of temperature is

DT T T T T
 u v w
Dt t x y z
 3   xy  2 xy    z   x 2    5t 1
 3  2x2 y2  x2 z  5t K/s
The rate of change of temperature of a particle at a point (2,-2,1) at the time t=2s is
DT
 3   2 2  2   41  5  2 =49 K/s
2 2

Dt  2,2,1

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QUESTION 6:
u v w
The condition    0 (  V  0 , where V is the velocity vector)
x y z
(a) is not valid for unsteady, incompressible flows
(b) is valid for incompressible flows whether the flow is steady or unsteady
(c) is valid for steady flow, whether compressible or incompressible
(d) is valid for ideal fluid flow only
Correct Answer: b

Detailed Solution:

 1 D 
For incompressible flow, the rate of volumetric dilation per unit volume   of a fluid
  Dt 
u v w
element in motion is zero. That is    0.
x y z
u v w
Thus, the continuity equation    0 (  V  0 , where V is the velocity vector) is
x y z
valid for incompressible flows both for steady and unsteady flow.

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QUESTION 7:
Streamline, pathline and streakline are always identical when

(a) the flow is uniform

(b) the flow is steady

(d) the flow is unsteady but uniform

Correct Answer: b

Detailed Solution:

Streamline, pathline and streakline are always identical when the flow is steady.
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QUESTION 8:
x ˆ y ˆ
For a 2-D flow, the velocity field is u  i 2 j . Now identify the correct
x y
2 2
x  y2
statements from below:
(i) The flow is incompressible

(ii) The flow is unsteady

y
(iii) y-component of acceleration is, ay 
( x  y 2 )2
2

( y  x)
(iv) x-component of acceleration is, ax  .
( x 2  y 2 )2

(a) (i) only

(b) (ii) and (iii) only

(c) (iii) only

(d) (i) and (ii) only

x y
Detailed Solution: u  , v 2
x y
2 2
x  y2

Clearly the flow field is steady. Thus it will only have the spatial components of acceleration and
no temporal component.

u u x
Hence ax  u v  2
x y ( x  y 2 )2

v v y
and ay  u v  2
x y ( x  y 2 )2

u v 2 x2 1 2 y 2 1
Now,   2  2  2  2  0 . Thus incompressible.
x y ( x  y ) ( x  y ) ( x  y ) ( x  y 2 )
2 2 2 2 2

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QUESTION 9:

A two-dimensional velocity field is given by V   y  x  iˆ   x  y  ˆj . The expression for stream

y 2  x2
(a)    xy  C
2

y 2  x2
(b)   C
2
y 2  x2
(c)    xy  C
2

y 2  x2
(d)    xy  C
2
where, C is a constant.

Correct Answer: a

Detailed Solution:

Given
u  yx, v  x y
u v
Thus,  1 ; 1
x y
u v
Therefore,  0
x y
The above velocity field satisfies the continuity equation for incompressible flow. Thus the flow
is incompressible.
From the definition of stream function  , we get

u
y
or,    udy     x  y  dy
y2
or,    xy   f  x   C1
2

v
x
   vdx    x  y  dx
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x2
or,    xy  g  y   C2
2
Comparing the above two equations, we have
x2 y2
f ( x)   , g ( y ) 
2 2
Hence, the stream function for the flow is
y 2 x2
    xy  C
2 2
where, C is a constant.
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QUESTION 10:

 
A two-dimensional velocity field is given by V  xyiˆ  y 2  x 2 ˆj . The rate of angular
deformation  xy  and vorticity  z  of a fluid element are given by
(a)  xy  0, z  6 y
(b)  xy   x , z  3x
(c)  xy  0 , z  4x
(d)  xy  4 x , z  4 y

Correct Answer: b

Detailed Solution:
u  xy , v  y2  x2
u
Hence, x
y
v
 2 x
x
The shear strain rates are found to be
v u
 xy    2 x  x   x
x y
The vorticity of flow is found to be
v u
z    2 x  x  3x
x y
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