MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

SECONDARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME

EASTER TERM 2021
GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS
WEEK 1
LESSON 1
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Invoices and shopping
CONTENT: PERCENTAGE PROFIT AND PERCENTAGE LOSS, DISCOUNT, SALES
TAX, REVERSE PERCENTAGE
profit
Percentage profit = × 100%
cost price

loss
Percentage loss = × 100%
cost price

DISCOUNT

A merchant may sometimes allow a purchaser to purchase an item for less than the marked price.
This deduction is called the discount.

Selling price = the marked price – the discount on the marked price
SALES TAX/ VAT
EXERCISE

1.

2.
3. The table below shows Pamela’s shopping bill. Some of the information was not
included.

4. The table below shows the cost price, selling price and profit or loss as a percentage of
the cost price.

Cost price Selling price Percentage

Profit or Loss
(i) $55.00 $44.00 __________
(ii) _____________ $100.00 25% profit

5. A jeweler paid $6 800 for 165 bracelets bought in China. The Customs Department in his
country charged him $1 360 in duty.
i. Calculate the TOTAL cost of the 165 bracelets inclusive of duty.
ii. The jeweler sold the 165 bracelets at a selling price of $68.85 EACH.
a) Calculate the TOTAL profit he made on the sale of the 165 bracelets.
b) Calculate the profit as a percentage of the cost price, giving your answer to the
nearest whole number.
WEEK 1
LESSON 2
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Hire Purchase
CONTENT: Hire purchase (HP) is an arrangement for buying expensive consumer goods,
where the buyer makes an initial down payment (deposit) and pays the balance plus interest in
instalments (weekly or monthly).
Hire purchase price = deposit + total installments

Example

EXERCISE
1.

2. The cash price of a laptop is $1 299. It can be bought on hire purchase by making a
deposit of $350 and 10 monthly payments of $120 each.

(i) What is the TOTAL hire purchase price of the laptop?

(ii) How much is save by buying the laptop for cash?

3.

1
4. A motorcycle is priced at $75 000. If bought on hire purchase, the terms are: 3 deposit +
36 monthly payments of $1800.50. Find the Hire Purchase price.

5. A man’s suit can be bought for $378 cash or for a deposit of $126 plus 12 monthly
instalments of $22.68.

(a) How much more does the suit cost if bought on the instalment plan compared with the
cash price?

(b) Express the additional cost as a percentage of the cash price.

6. The marked price of a three-piece suite is $7740. A 5% discount is offered for a cash
1
sale, but if bought on HP, the deposit is 3, followed by 18 monthly payments of $343.98.
Find the cash difference in the two ways of paying for the suite, and express this
difference as a percentage of the cash price, giving your answer correct to three
significant figures.
WEEK 1
LESSON 3
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Salaries and Wages
CONTENT: SALARY
Someone who is paid a salary is paid a fixed amount of money in each pay period (usually
monthly).
Can you name some workers who are paid a salary?
The gross annual salary = the gross monthly salary × 12
The net monthly salary = the gross monthly salary – the monthly deductions

Example 1
A civil servant is employed at a gross monthly salary of $110 800. How much is her gross annual
salary?

Solution
The gross annual salary = the gross monthly salary × 12
= $110800×12
= $1 329 600
Hence, the civil servant’s gross annual salary is $1 329 600

Example 2
A surveyor earns $2 947 680 annually. Deductions of $36 918 are made each month. Calculate
his net monthly salary.

Solution
the gross annual salary
The gross monthly salary =
12
$2947680
= = $245 640
12
The net monthly salary = the gross monthly salary – the monthly deductions
= $245640 - $36918
= $208 722
Hence, the surveyor’s net monthly salary is $208 722
WAGES
Wages are hourly or daily-based payments given to the worker for the amount of work finished
in a day.
Can you name some workers who are paid a wage?
Some important terms:
 Basic rate – money paid for each hour of work
 Basic week/basic fortnight – the total normal working hours per week/fortnight
 Basic wage – the amount of money earned during a basic week/basic fortnight
The basic wage = the basic rate × the basic week

Examples

2) A driver is paid $703 for a basic fortnight of 76 hours. Calculate his basic rate.

The basic wage $703

The driver’s basic rate = = = $9.25
The basic fortnight 76

Hence, the driver’s basic rate is $9.25

WEEK 1
LESSON 4
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Overtime and Commission
CONTENT:
OVERTIME
If an employee works more than a specified number of hours in a week, the additional hours are
called Overtime. Hours worked as overtime are paid at a higher rate than regular hours.
The wages earned for working extra time is called overtime wages and the rate of pay is called
overtime rate.
Overtime rates vary, it can be one-half times the basic rate of pay for overtime work or two times
or more, depending on the company.

EXAMPLES
1) A woman is paid $8.50 per hour for a 35-hour week and she is paid double-time for overtime.
Determine how many hours she worked when her wage for a certain week was $450.50
The woman’s basic wage = $8.50 ×35 = $297.50
The woman’s overtime wage = $450.50 - $297.50 = $153.00
One hour overtime = $8.50 ×2 = $17.00
$153
No. of overtime hours = =9
$17

Therefore, the woman worked for 35 hours + 9 hours = 44 hours

COMMISSION

Some companies offer incentives to their employers in the form of commission. The commission
is usually calculated as a percentage of the value of the commodities sold.

EXAMPLE

EXERCISE
1. In a certain company, a salesman is paid a fixed salary of $3 140 per month plus an
annual commission of 2% on the TOTAL value of cars sold for the year. If the salesman
sold cars valued at $720 000 in 2009, calculate:
(i) His fixed salary for the year.
(ii) The amount he received in commission for the year.
(iii) His TOTAL income for the year.
2. The basic wage earned by a truck driver for a 40-hour week is $560.00
(i) Calculate his hourly rate
For overtime work, the driver is paid one and a half times the basic hourly rate.
(ii) Calculate his overtime wage for 10 hours of overtime.
(iii) Calculate the TOTAL wages earned by the truck driver for a 55-hour week.
3. An auctioneer arranges the transfer of a piece of furniture from Mr. Martin’s house to the
saleroom at a cost of $159. At auction the piece is sold for $4530. If the auctioneer’s
commission is 12% of the selling price, how much could Mr. Martin expect to receive
from the sale after paying the commission and the cost of the transfer?
4. Irma’s take-home pay is $4 320 per fortnight (every two weeks). Each fortnight Irma’s
pay is allocated according to the following table.

Item Amount Allocated

Rent $𝑥
Food $629
Other living expenses $2𝑥
Savings $1 750
Total $4 320

(i) What is Irma’s annual take-home pay? (Assume she works 52 weeks in any given
year?
(ii) Determine the amount of money that Irma allocates for rent each month.

(iii) All of Irma’s savings is used to pay her son’s university tuition cost, which is
$150 000.
If Irma’s pay remains the same and she saves the same amount each month, what is
the MINIMUM number of years that she must work in order to save eonugh money
to cover her son’s tuition cost?
WEEK 2
LESSON 1
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Simple Interest and Compound Interest
CONTENT: In calculating simple interest, the principal remains constant over the period of
the loan and the amount of interest earned (or charged) remains the same each year.
PRT
Simple interest is calculated using the formula I =
100

Example 1
Mr. Smith borrowed $350 000 from a bank for 6 months at 8.75% per annum. Calculate:
(a) The sum of money Mr. Smith had to pay the bank as simple interest
(b) The total amount of money repaid to the bank
(c) The amount of money paid monthly to the nearest cent

Solution
(a) P = $350 000 T = 6months (0.5 yrs) R = 8.75% I =?
𝑃𝑅𝑇 350000×8.75×0.5
Using, I = So, I =
100 100

Therefore, I = $15 312.50

Mr. Smith paid the bank $15 312.50 as interest
(b) The total amount of money repaid to the bank is 𝐴 = 𝑃 + 𝐼
So, 𝐴 = $350 000 + $15 312.50
Therefore, A = $365 312.50
(c) $365 312.50 was repaid in 6 months
$365312.50
Then 1 monthly payment = = $60 885.42
6

Example 2
The simple interest on an investment of $40 000 for 3 years amounted to $6 000. What rate of
interest was paid?
Solution
P = $40000 T = 3 yrs I = $6000 R =?
PRT 100I
Transposing I = to make R the subject gives, R =
100 PT
100×$6000
So, R = $40000×3

Therefore, R = 5%

Compound Interest
If the interest earned or paid on investments is added to the principal at given intervals, then the
interest is said to be compounded over the time period. This type of interest is called compound
interest.

Example 1
Calculate the compound interest earned on the sum of $1 000 at the rate of 10% per annum over
a period of 3 years.
Solution

Formula for calculating compound interest

The above procedure for calculating compound interest becomes tedious, especially if the values
of principal, time and rate are fractional values. When the period of the loan or the investment is
over a long period of time, it is wise to use a formula to calculate the compound interest. The
sum of money earned or paid at the end of the transaction is called the amount (A). The
difference between the amount (A) and the principal (P) is the compound interest.
R
For a rate of R% per annum over a period of n years, the formula is A = P(1 + )n
100
Thus, CI = A – P
From example 1, we see that P = $1 000 R = 10% n = 3yrs
10 3
Substituting these values in the formula gives, A = 1000(1 + )
100

A = $1331.
Thus CI = A – P
CI = $1331 – 1000
CI = $331

Exercise
1.

2. A credit union pays 8% per annum compound interest on all fixed deposits. A customer
deposited $24 000 in an account. Calculate the TOTAL amount of money in the account
at the end of two years.
3.

4. Which is the better investment?

(a) $1 200 at 9% simple interest for 2 years.
(b) $1 200 at 8% compound interest for 2 years.

5. Determine the principal that will earn $200 as simple interest after 8 years at 5% per
annum.

6. Calculate the amount of money invested at 9.25% per annum, when $5 781.25 simple
interest was collected after 3 years.

7. A house is priced at $60 000. A man wishing to buy it takes a loan for the amount at 14%
compound interest.
If he has to repay the loan over 10 years, find:
(a) His total repayment
(b) The amount he repays each month, if he pays equal monthly instalments over ten
years
WEEK 2
LESSON 2
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Appreciation and Depreciation
CONTENT: In transactions involving Compound Interest, the amount invested grows each
year and in this sense money invested in compound interest appreciates. Some investments
decrease in value over time because of age or use and these are examples of depreciation.
The compound interest formula can be used to determine the amount an investment or asset will
worth at the end of a given number of years.
𝑹 𝑹
Appreciation formula 𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎)𝒏 Depreciation formula 𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎)𝒏

Example
Alvin bought a new car for $120 000.00. Its value depreciates at a rate of 10% per annum.
Calculate the value of the car after
(i) one year
(ii) two years

Solution
(i) The depreciation of the car after one year is 10% of $120 000 = $12 000
Hence the value of the car after one year is $120 000 - $12 000 = $108 000
(ii) The depreciation of the car after two years is 10% of $108 000 = $10 800
Hence the value of the car after two years
$108 000 - $10 800 = $ 97 200

Example
An item of furniture, originally valued at $1 000, depreciates by 10% each year. What is its
expected value after two (2) years?
Example
Mr. John bought a land in front of a new developed housing scheme for $650 000. The value of
the land will appreciate by 15% each year. What will be the cost of the land after two years?

Solution
𝑃 = $650 000 𝑅 = 15% 𝑛=2
𝑅 𝑛
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + )
100
15 2
𝐴 = $650 000 (1 + )
100
By using a calculator, 𝐴 = $859 625

Exercise
1. Eli bought a gold coin for $250. What was its value 2 years later if it appreciated by 7½%
a year?
2. The big squash company aim to increase production of their top-selling drink by 20% a
year over the coming years. This year they produced 46 000 litres. What production level
are they aiming for the year after next?
3. Last February the total number of workers employed at a factory was 1200. By this
February it had increased by 15%. Assuming that it continues to increase at the same rate,
what is the projected size of the workforce next February?
4. Andy bought a motorcycle for $10 000. It depreciated by 20% during the first year and
15% of its value at the end of the first year during the second year. What was its value
when it was 2 years old?
5. Mrs. Eaton bought a house for $450 000. It appreciated by 8% during the first year she
owned it and 6% during the second year. How much more was its value 2 years after
Mrs. Eaton bought it?
6. The population of a village, which was 350 at the beginning of 2006, decreased by 10%
during the year and by 40% in 2007. How many fewer people were in the village at the
end of 2007 than at the beginning of 2006?
WEEK 2
LESSON 3
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Rates and Taxes
CONTENT: Have you ever wondered who pays:
- For new roads? - For new schools? - For your teachers?
- For the police? - For the health care workers?
The answer is: WE ALL PAY!
 We pay income tax to the government if we earn more than a certain amount
 We pay rates to the local council if we own land or buildings
 We pay import tax to the government if we import goods from overseas
INCOME TAX
Let us examine these phrases
Tax-free income – the part of the earning not taxed
Dependents – spouse, young children, or even old not working parents

Examples
On a certain island, the tax-free allowances are:
$ The rate of income tax on Brinsey’s island is:
Personal tax-free allowances………..2000
Additional allowance: Taxable income Tax rate
Wife ……………………………. First $1000 5%
1500 Next $1000 10%
Each child ……………………….
500 Next $3000 15%
Any other dependent relative………. 400 Next $5000 20%
Next $5000 25%
Next $10 000 30%
Brinsey earns $10 000 a year. He has a wife and two children.

(a) How much of his income is tax free?

(b) How much of his income is taxable?
(c) How much income tax he has to pay?
(d) Hence, calculate his take home salary (net salary)

Solutions
(a) His tax free income is: $2000 + $1500 + $1000 = $ 4500
(b) His taxable income is therefore: $10 000 - $4500 = $5500
(c) Brinsey’s taxable income is $5500.
His tax payable is: 5% of $1000 = $50
+ 10% of $1000 = $100
+ 15% of $3000 = $450
+ 20% of $500 = $100
$5500 $700
So Brinsey pays $700 in income tax.

(d) The amount of money left in Brinsey’s pocket after paying tax is $10 000 - $700 = $9300
(This is his NET INCOME). His salary before tax ($10 000) is his GROSS INCOME

RATES
The rates payable per annum = the rate charged × the rateable value
The rateable value is the assessed valuation given to a piece of land or building.

Example 1
The rateable value of a house in Georgetown is $6 475 800. Mr. Smith pays rate at 0.25%.
Determine the amount of money the owner pays in rates per annum.

Solution
0.25
The rates payable per annum = × $6475800
100

= $16 189.50
⸫ Mr. Smith pays $16 189.50 in rates per annum
Example 2
Calculate the rateable value of a property if rates are 22% and the amount paid is $440

Solution
We know that: The rates payable per annum = the rate charged × the rateable value
the rates payable per annum
Transposing we get, the rateable value =
the rate charged

$440
So the rateable value = = $440 ÷22%
22%
100
= $440 ×
22

= $2000

Exercise
Use the information below for questions 1 to 4
Tax free allowances are as follows:
Single person: $2000
Married person: $3500
Child under 16 years: $450
Child 16 years or over in full time education: $750
A spouse who also works receives a single person’s allowance.
The tax rates are 5% on the first $14 000 earned, 15% on the nest $9 000, 35% on the
next $25 000 and 40% on the remainder.
Mortgage interest: 0%
National insurance: 0%

1. Mr. Edwards earns $45 700 a year. He is married and his wife does not work.
Calculate:
a) His taxable income
b) His annual tax bill
c) His net annual income if other deductions amount to $7 460
2. Miss Owen is a secretary earning $2 230 a calendar month. Calculate her annual tax bill.

3. A married man, with one child aged 18 in full time education, earns $37 500 personal
allowance. Calculate:
a) His total tax-free income
b) His taxable income
c) His annual tax bill
d) His net annual income if other deductions amount to $5 980

4. Shirley Rees is a widow and earns $28 000 a year. She lives with her two children aged 5 and
7. Calculate her monthly tax bill

5. The total rateable value of a property in the city in $80 000 000.
a) What amount of money would be obtained from a rate of 5%?
b) What value of rate is needed to collect $16 000 000?

6. The assessed valuation of a business place is $9 840 000. Determine the amount paid in rates
when rate is charged at 22%
WEEK 2
LESSON 4
TOPIC: Consumer Arithmetic
SUB-TOPIC: Utility bills
CONTENT: Consumers are billed at timely intervals for goods, services and for utilities such
as electricity, telephone, water, cable and internet access. Some companies charge a rental or
fixed charge for the use of the service and add a variable charge depending on how much of the
service was used.
The fixed charge can be for rental of the equipment such as a telephone, cable box or electricity
meter.
The variable charge is calculated based on rates set by the company. Some systems rely on a
minimum charge for the first number of units used and further charges for use of additional units.

Example 1
Example 2
 EXERCISE
1. Mr. Short’s electricity bill for the quarter amounts to $467.50. The fixed charge is $47.50
and the price of electricity is $16.80 per unit. How many units has he used?

2. The charges for electricity on an island consist of a fixed fuel charge of 42 cents per kWh
and an energy charge calculated under three different schemes:
Scheme A Homes 18 cents per kWh
Scheme B Schools 24 cents per kWh
Scheme C Businesses 28 cents per kWh
For a school, the readings at the beginning and end of a quarter were 23 921 and 32 745
respectively. Calculate:
(a) The number of kWh used
(b) The fixed fuel charge in dollars
(c) The energy charge
(d) The total amount, in dollars, the school had to pay for the electricity they used.

3. The water authority charges $10.00 per month for the meter rent, $25.00 for the first 100
litres and $1.00 for each additional 10 litres. What is the TOTAL bill for 250 litres of
water used in one month?
4. John’s monthly electricity bill is based on the number of kWh of electricity that he
consumes for that month. He is charged $5.10 per kWh of electricity consumed. For the
month of March 2016, two meter readings are displayed in the table below.

Meter Readings (kWh)

Beginning 01 March 0 3 0 11
Ending 31 March 0 3 3 0 7

i. Calculate the TOTAL amount that John pays for electricity consumption for the month
March 2016

ii. For the next month, April 2016, John pays $2 351.10 for electricity consumption.
Determine his meter reading at the end of April 2016.

5. Mr. Quentin used 105 cubic metres of water last quarter of the year.
The water rates for domestic users were:
$1.36 per cubic metre for the first 20m3
$1.15 per cubic metre for the next 50m3
$0.95 per cubic metre for amounts in excess of 70m3.
A discount of 6% was given on bills paid within one week of billing. Calculate the
amount Mr. Quentin paid for the quarter year, assuming that the bill was paid within 5
days of receiving it.
WEEK 3
LESSON 1
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Introduction to Bearings
CONTENT: READING OF BEARINGS FROM DIAGRAMS AND SKETCHING OF
DIAGRAMS

A bearing is an angle, measured clockwise from the north direction.

Note: Always express your answers as three-figure bearings (so 30° would be 030°).

Examples

In this diagram the bearing of In this diagram the bearing of

B from A is 0500 P from Q is 2550

Given that the bearing of Y from X is 1000, make a sketch with this information.
To sketch this diagram:
 We first identify our starting point. (Y from X) so our starting point is X.
 We then draw our North line and from this north line we measured 1000 in a clockwise
direction.
Exercise
1. State the bearing of A from B

47°

2. Draw a rough sketch to illustrate each of the following bearings. Mark the angle in your
sketch.

(a) From a point P, the bearing of a point Q is 30°.

(b) From a point A, the bearing of a point B is 140°.

(c) The bearing of a point K from a point L is 250°.

(d) The bearing of a place M from a place N is 330°.

3. The bearing of C from A is 190°, and C is 5km from A. The bearing of D from A is 270°,
and D is 7km from A.

Draw a rough sketch to illustrate the information above.

4. George needs to take the route as follows. 6km on a bearing of 080° from A to B, 5km on
a bearing of 160° from B to C. Draw a rough sketch to illustrate George’s route.

5. Starting at point A, Freya makes a journey as follows. 8km on a bearing of 135° to B,

4km on a bearing of 180° to C, 6km on a bearing of 315° to D. Draw a suitable diagram
to represent her journey.
WEEK 3
LESSON 2
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Bearings
CONTENT: CALCULATING BEARINGS
Example 1
The bearing of P from Q is 1200. Find the bearing of Q from P.

Firstly, make a sketch of the diagram

Then look for alternate angles which will help to determine the bearing
From the second drawing, we see that the bearing of Q from P is 2700 + 0300 = 3000

Example 2
The bearing of a boat B from a harbour H is 2500. Calculate the bearing of the harbour H from
the boat B
Exercise

1. The bearing of a point P from a point Q is 70°. Calculate the bearing of Q from P.

2. The bearing of a point A from a point B is 145°. Calculate the bearing of B from A.

3. The bearing of a ship S from a yacht Y is 220°. Calculate the bearing of the yacht from
the ship.

4. The bearing of an airport A from a plane P is 310°. Calculate the bearing of P from A.

5. The bearing of a ship S from a harbor H is 339°. Calculate the bearing of H from S.
WEEK 3
LESSON 3
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Bearings
CONTENT: APPLICATION OF BEARINGS
Example
Exercise

1. The bearing of an airport A from a plane P is 310°. Calculate the bearing of P from A.

2. The bearing of a ship S from a harbor H is 339°. Calculate the bearing of H from S.

3. A boat leaves a dock at point A and travels for a distance of 15km to point B on a bearing
of 1350.
The boat then changes course and travels for a distance of 8km to a point C on a bearing
of 0600.

Illustrate the above information in a clearly labelled diagram.

4.

5.
WEEK 3
LESSON 4
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Pythagoras’ Theorem
CONTENT: PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM – states that in a right-angled triangle, the square
of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two shorter sides.
Note: the hypotenuse is the longest side
We use the Pythagoras’ Theorem to find a side when the other two sides are given.

Example 1
Exercise
Find the length of the unknown side of each of the following triangles:

Word problems involving Pythagoras’ Theorem

WEEK 4
LESSON 1
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Trigonometrical Ratios – Finding length of a side of a triangle
CONTENT: SINE, COSINE AND TANGENT

These ratios are used for right angled triangle ONLY. We used them to find:
 An angle when we know the length of two sides
 A side when we know the length of one side and an angle
Example 1
NOTE: The mnemonic SOHCAHTOA is used to remember the ratios of sine, cosine and tangent

Exercise
1. Find the length of the unknown side
WEEK 4
LESSON 2
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Trigonometrical Ratios – Finding the size of an angle of a
triangle
CONTENT: SINE, COSINE AND TANGENT
Exercise

Find the magnitude of the unknown angle in each diagram below

WEEK 4
LESSON 3
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Application to Trigonometrical Ratios
1.

2.

3.
4.
WEEK 4
LESSON 4
TOPIC: Trigonometry
SUB-TOPIC: Sine Rule
CONTENT: The sine rule can be used to calculate unknown sides or angles in a triangle
which does NOT have a right angle.
The sine rule can be applied when we are given:
 Two angles and the length of one side of a triangle (to find the length of another side)
 The lengths of two sides of a triangle and an angle NOT formed by the two sides (to find
the size of an angle).

or
Example 2

Exercise
1. Calculate the size of angle R

2. Determine the length of x in the diagram below:

3. Calculate the length of side BC of the triangle shown below.

4. Given triangle PQR with angle P = 600, angle Q = 450 and PQ = 8.5cm, evaluate the
length of PR

5. In triangle ABC, AB = 5cm, BC = 9cm and angle BAC = 400. Determine the length of
AC.

6. Find the magnitude of the angle labelled ‘b’ in the diagram below