ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

(IUT)

Digital Signals Processing Lab (EEE 4702)

Lab-1 (Introduction to MATLAB)

Name: Reduan Ahmed Tanim

Page 1
 Some useful matlab built-in function

1. Repmat:
Replicates and tiles an array.

Description:
B = repmat(A,M,N) or B = repmat(A,[M,N]) creates a large matrix B consisting of
an M-by-N tiling of copies of A.
B = repmat(A,N) creates an N-by-N tiling.
B = repmat(A,P1,P2,...,Pn) or B = repmat(A,[P1,P2,...,Pn]) tiles the array A to
produce an n-dimensional array B composed of copies of A.

Example:
In this example, repmat replicates 12 copies of the second-order identity matrix, resulting in a
"checkerboard" pattern.
B = repmat(eye(2),3,4)

B =
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

2. Reshape:
Reshapes array.

Description:
reshape(X,M,N) or reshape(X,[M,N]) returns the M-by-N matrix whose elements
are taken columnwise from X. An error results if X does not have M*N elements.
reshape(X,M,N,P,...) or reshape(X,[M,N,P,...]) returns an N-D array with the same
elements as X but reshaped to have the size M-by-N-by-P-by-.... The product of
the specified dimensions, M*N*P*..., must be the same as NUMEL(X).

Page 2
Example:
A = 1:10;
B = reshape(A,[5,2])
B = 5×2
1 6
2 7
3 8
4 9
5 10

3. Linspace:
Linearly spaced vector.

Description:
linspace(X1, X2) generates a row vector of 100 linearly equally spaced points
between X1 and X2.
linspace(X1, X2, N) generates N points between X1 and X2.

Example:
y1 = linspace(-5,5,7)
y1 = 1×7
-5.0000 -3.3333 -1.6667 0 1.6667 3.3333
5.0000

4. Circshift:
Shift positions of elements circularly.

Description:
Y = circshift(X,K) where K is an integer scalar circularly shifts the elements in the
array X by K positions. If X is a vector and K is positive, then the values of X are
circularly shifted from the beginning to the end. If K is negative, they are shifted
from the end to the beginning. If X is a matrix, circshift shifts along columns. If X
is an N-D array, circshift shifts along the first nonsingleton dimension.

Page 3
Example:
A = (1:10)
A = 10×1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Y = circshift(A,3)
Y = 10×1
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

5. Flip:
Flips the order of elements

Description:
Y = flip(X) returns a vector Y with the same dimensions as X, but with the order of
elements flipped. If X is a matrix, each column is flipped vertically. For N-D
arrays, flip(X) operates on the first nonsingleton dimension.

Page 4
Example:
A = diag([100 200 300])
A = 3×3
100 0 0
0 200 0
0 0 300

B = flip(A)
B = 3×3
0 0 300
0 200 0
100 0 0

6. Sort:
Sorts in ascending or descending order.

Description:
B = sort(A) sorts in ascending order.
The sorted output B has the same type and size as A:
- For vectors, sort(A) sorts the elements of A in ascending order.
- For matrices, sort(A) sorts each column of A in ascending order.
- For N-D arrays, sort(A) sorts along the first non-singleton dimension.

Example:
A = [3 6 5; 7 -2 4; 1 0 -9]
A = 3×3
3 6 5
7 -2 4
1 0 -9

B = sort(A,2)
B = 3×3
3 5 6
-2 4 7
-9 0 1

Page 5
 7. Cumsum:
Cumulative sum of elements.

Description:
Y = cumsum(X) computes the cumulative sum along the first non-singleton
dimension of X. Y is the same size as X.

Example:
A = 1:5;
B = cumsum(A)
B = 1×5
2 3 6 10 15

8. Randi:
Pseudorandom integers from a uniform discrete distribution.

Description:
R = randi(IMAX,N) returns an N-by-N matrix containing pseudorandom integer
values drawn from the discrete uniform distribution on 1:IMAX.
randi(IMAX,M,N) or randi(IMAX,[M,N]) returns an M-by-N matrix.
randi(IMAX,M,N,P,...) or randi(IMAX,[M,N,P,...]) returns an M-by-N-by-P-by-...
array.
randi(IMAX) returns a scalar.
randi(IMAX,SIZE(A)) returns an array the same size as A.
R = randi([IMIN,IMAX],...) returns an array containing integer values drawn from
the discrete uniform distribution on IMIN:IMAX.

Example:
r = randi(10,5)
r = 5×5

9 1 2 2 7
10 3 10 5 1
2 6 10 10 9
10 10 5 8 10
7 10 9 10 7

Page 6
 9. Mean:
Average or mean value.

Description:
S = mean(X) is the mean value of the elements in X if X is a vector. For matrices,
S is a row vector containing the mean value of each column.
For N-D arrays, S is the mean value of the elements along the first array dimension
whose size does not equal 1.

Example:
A = [0 1 1; 2 3 2; 1 3 2; 4 2 2]
A = 4×3
0 1 1
2 3 2
1 3 2
4 2 2

M = mean(A)
M = 1×3
1.7500 2.2500 1.7500

10. Median:
Median value.

Description:
For vectors, median(x) is the median value of the elements in x.
For matrices, median(X) is a row vector containing the median value of each
column.
For N-D arrays, median(X) is the median value of the elements along the first non-
singleton dimension of X.

Page 7
Example:
A = [0 1 1; 2 3 2; 1 3 2; 4 2 2]
A = 4×3
0 1 1
2 3 2
1 3 2
4 2 2

M = median(A)
M = 1×3
1.5000 2.5000 2.0000

11. Isequal:
True if arrays are numerically equal.

Description:
isequal(A,B) returns logical 1 (TRUE) if arrays A and B are the same size and
contain the same values, and logical 0 (FALSE) otherwise.
If A is defined and you set B = A, isequal(A,B) is not necessarily true.
If A or B contains a NaN element, isequal returns false because NaNs are not equal
to each other by definition.
isequal(A,B,C,...) returns logical 1 if all the input arguments are numerically equal,
and logical 0 otherwise.

Example:
A = zeros(3,3)+1e-20;
B = zeros(3,3);
tf = isequal(A,B)
tf = logical
0

Page 8
Page 9