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Beams

This document provides information on the design of built-up beams, including: 1) Formulas for calculating the dimensions, properties, and capacities of built-up beam sections, such as the plastic modulus, section modulus, warping constant, and torsion constant. 2) Values of the buckling coefficient C1 for different loading conditions when calculating the lateral-torsional buckling resistance moment. 3) A worked example showing the step-by-step design of a simple supported built-up beam, with calculations of the required plastic modulus, selection of a suitable standard section, and checking of bending capacity, shear capacity, deflection, lateral stability, and resistance of the web and flanges

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Tesfa Hundera
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137 views

Beams

This document provides information on the design of built-up beams, including: 1) Formulas for calculating the dimensions, properties, and capacities of built-up beam sections, such as the plastic modulus, section modulus, warping constant, and torsion constant. 2) Values of the buckling coefficient C1 for different loading conditions when calculating the lateral-torsional buckling resistance moment. 3) A worked example showing the step-by-step design of a simple supported built-up beam, with calculations of the required plastic modulus, selection of a suitable standard section, and checking of bending capacity, shear capacity, deflection, lateral stability, and resistance of the web and flanges

Uploaded by

Tesfa Hundera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Chapter 4. Beams.

Built-up beams.

Dimensions of the section.

Wreq M SD
h  1.2 where Wreq  and tw, Min  8 mm
tw fy
 Mo
h
Try that  69
tw
Wreq ht w
b fl   use tw  t fl  3t w ; t fl , Max  40 mm . Try that c/tfl satisfies Class 1 or 2 conditions.
ht fl 6t fl
Now, with all the dimensions defined:
twd 3
Iy   2b fl t fl d12
12
t fl b3fl
Iz  2
12
2I y
Wel , y  and W pl , y  1.12Wel , y
h
I h2
Warping Constant I w  z f
4
b t 3 dhw3 b fl t 3fl
Torsion Constant I t   i i  2
3 3 3

Thickness of the plates multiples of 2 mm.


Width of the plates multiples of 20 mm.

Values for Mcr.


For beams with doubly symmetric cross-sections and with no end fixity.
 2 EI z  I w L2GI t 
M cr  C1   2 
L2  I z  EI z 
Factor C1 depends on the loading conditions (see table 4.12 and 4.13 of EBCS-3)

C1  1.88  1.44  0.52 2  2.7 , But the most commons values for C1 are as follows:

Example Nr 1.
Design a simple supported beam of F e 430 steel grade. The span of the beam is 5.00 m. The top flange is embedded
in a reinforced concrete floor providing sufficient restraint against lateral-torsional buckling. The beam carries a
uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m permanent load and 20 kN/m imposed load.
Solution:
The factored loads are: Imposed load: 1.6 x 20 = 32 kN/m
Permanent load: 1.3 x 20 = 26 kN/m.
Step 1: Maximum bending moment.

Step 2. Required plastic modulus.

M 181.3 x106 N  mm
W pl    7.25 x105 mm3  725 cm3
fy 275 / 1.1
 Mo
Step3: Selection of the profile: Try 310 x 52 W Shape.

h = 317 Mass = 0.52 kN/m


b = 167 Wy,el = 747 cm3
tfl = 13.2 mm Wy,pl = 837 cm3
tw = 7.6 mm Iy = 11800 cm4
d = 257 mm

167
235 2  6.33  9.5 and 257  33.82  83 OK
Class of the section:   0.92
275 13.2 7.6
Satisfies conditions for Class 2.

Step 4. Resistance moment.


W pl f y 837 x103 x 275
M pl , Rd    209.25 kN  m  181.3 kN  m OK .
 Mo 1.1
Check of the self-weight of the beam.
w = 0.52 kN/m; additional factored dead weight moment = 1.3 x 0.52 x 52 / 8 = 2.11 kN-m
Total moment: MSd = 181.3 + 2.11 = 183.41 < Mpl,Rd OK.

Step 5: Check for shear.


Maximum shear force is 145 kn + 1.3 x 5/2 = 146.69 kN.
Shear resistance of section. Un stiffened web: shear buckling resistance must not be verified if d/t w ≤ 69ε.
d/tw = 257/7.6 = 33.82 < 69 x 0.92
 fy 3 
Therefore: V pl , Rd  Av   Av  1.04hwt w
 Mo  where
 

Av  1.04 x317 x7.6  2506 mm2 then V pl , Rd 



2506 275 3   361.7 kN
1.1
Effect of shear force on the resistance moment.
VSd 146.69
  0.41  0.5 Therefore no reduction of design resistance moment required.
V pl , Rd 1 .1

Step 6. Check for deflection.


5 wL4
For a simple span uniformly loaded beam  
384 EI
0.52
Deflection due to un factored load w  20  20   40.10
5
5 x 40.10 x103 x5000 4
   13.17 mm
384 x118 x106 x 2.1x105
Assumption: - beam is not pre-cambered.
-beam is carrying a reinforced concrete floor.
Limiting values for vertical deflections (see Table 5:1 EBCS-3)
1. Total deflection of the span:  max  L 250  5000 250  20 mm  13.17
2. Live load deflection at span (δ2):  max  L 300  5000 350  14.3  12 mm

Step 7. Check for lateral-torsional buckling.


Since the reinforced concrete floor provides sufficient restraint against lateral movement, the beam is not checked
for lateral-torsional buckling.

Step 8. Check for resistance of web to transverse forces.


The beam must be checked at the support. Suppose the support as follows:

 S s  S y t w f y , w
8.1 Check for web crushing: R y , Rd  where Ss = 70 mm (length of stiff bearing) and
 M1
 2 
1  b f  f yf   f , Ed  
Sy  
2t f    1  at the end Ss is half .
2   f yf  
  t w  f yw  
bf = 167 mm < 25 x 13.2 = 330 mm OK
tw = 7.6 mm
fyf = fyw = 275 N/mm2
σf,Ed = 0 (at the support there is no moment)
1  167    70  62 x7.6 x 275  250
Sy   2 x13.2  11   62 mm  then R y , Rd  kN  146.69 OK
2   7 .6   1.1
8.2 Check for web crippling.
 tf  t  S 
Ra , Rd  0.5tw2 Ef yw   3 w  s  /  M 1 but Ss / d = 70 / 257 = 0.27 therefore take Ss / d = 0.2
 t w  t f  d 
  
 13.2  7.6  
Ra , Rd  0.5 x7.62 2.1x105 x 275   3  0.2  / 1.1  332 kN  146.69 OK
 7.6  13.2  
8.3 Check the web buckling: Un stiffened web at the point where concentrated load (reaction acts).

 h 2  S 2  70   3172  702  70 
a s
   127.32
 2   2 
 
beff  70  127.32  197.32 mm.
Therefore; the virtual compression member for the web is:

Assumptions: Web is partially fixed at top and bottom; thus the effective length is taken no less than 0.75 d
l = 0.75 x 257 mm = 193 mm.
I beff tw3 tw2 t 7.6
Radius of gyration of the web is i     w   2.19 mm
A 12beff tw 12 12 12
Web slenderness ratio = 193/2.19 = 88.19 and λ1 = 93.9 ε = 93.9 x 0.92 = 86.39
Relative slenderness ratio   88.19  1.02
86.39
Using curve c of table 4.9 of EBCS-3; the reduction factor χ = 0.48

Hence; the buckling resistance of the web is:


 A Af y
Rb, Rd  ;  A  1; A  beff t w  197.32 x7.6  1499.6 mm2 ; f y  275 N mm2 and  M 1  1.1
 M1
0.48 x1x1499.6 x 275
Rb , Rd   180.2 kN  146.69 kN OK
1.1
Step 9: Check for flange induced buckling.

d   A
The ratio  k E  w
tw f
 yf  A fc
167
Since c  2  6.33  8.5  8.5 x0.92  7.82 , the flange is Class 1; therefore, k = 0.3
tf 13.2
d 
257
 33.81 ? 0.3 2.1x10
5   257 x7.6
tw 7.6  275  167 x13.2
33.81  215.6 OK

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