FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System

FPT UNIVERSITY
Lab 4 for Operating Systems

Learning outcome
Upon successful completion of this lab, you will be able
 How to program the shell script into Fedora

Programming in Shell

 Shell script structure

o Name: filename.sh
o Content
 First line: #!/bin/sh
 commands
 exit 0
 Execute Shell script
o Case 1
 Syntax: /bin/sh filename.sh [argument]
 Ex: /bin/sh sum.sh 10
o Case 2
 Syntax:
 Assign the execute mode to file name: chmod +x filename.sh
 Execute: /path/filename.sh [argument]
 Ex:
 chmod +x sum.sh
 ./sum.sh 10
 Variable
o Declaration: <variable_name>=<value>
o Access: variable1=$variable2
o Input value of variable: #read variable
o Some system variables
 $#: number of parameters
 $0: name of command
 $*: list of parameter
 $number: number>0 – the input argument
o Get input value to variable from the keyboard, file
 Keyboard: read var1 var2 … varn
 File: read var1 var2 … varn <data_file
 if the variable name is not existing, the value is assigned to $REPLY
variable
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FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System
 Ex:
 read
 var1 = $REPLY
 The “\” character allow the enter new line during the input value
 The “-r” option is ineffective the “\”
 Ex:

 Print the content to the screen: echo “string content”

 expr
o expr op1 operator op2
o Not support floating point
o Operator: +, -, \*, /, = (equal), <=, <, >, >=, != (different), &, |
o Ex:
 expr 1 + 3
 expr 2 – 1
 expr 10 / 2
 expr 20 % 3
 expr 10 \* 3 (multiple – not use only * character)
 echo `expr 6 + 3`
 z=`epxr $z + 3`
 let
o let “z=$z+3”
o let “z += 3”
o let “z=$m*$n”
 $((…))
o z=$((z+3))
o z=$(($m*$n))
 If contructs
o Syntax
if <control command>
then
command1
[else
command2]
fi

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FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System
o Ex
#!/bin/sh
if cat $1
then
echo -e "\n\nFile $1, found and successfully"
fi
 If … else contructs
o Syntax
if <control command>
then
command1
elif < control command >
then
command2
[else
command3]
fi
o Ex
#!/bin/sh
if [ $1 -gt 0 ]
then
echo "$1 is positive"
elif [ $1 -lt 0 ]
then
echo "$1 is negative"
elif [ $1 -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$1 is zero"
else
echo "Opps! $1 is not number, give number“
fi

 The [] or test command

o Uses to compare the condition
o Syntax
 test <expression>
 [<blank><expression><blank>] (notes: must be the blank character in
the [ ])
 Relation operator: -eq, -ne, -gt, -lt, -ge, -le
 File mode accession: -r (read), -w (write), -x (execute), -f (file is existing), -d (is
directory), -e (existing on disk)

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FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System

 String operator
o =, !=
o Unary: -z (string have zero length), -n (string have size)
 Logic operator: !, -a, -o
 Select construct
o Syntax
case <var> in
value1)
command1
;;
valueN)
commandN
;;
*)
command
;;
esac
o Ex
#!/bin/sh
ftype=`file "$1"`
case "$ftype" in
"$1: Zip archive"*)
unzip "$1" ;;
"$1: gzip compressed"*)
gunzip "$1" ;;
"$1: bzip2 compressed"*)
bunzip2 "$1" ;;
*) error "File $1 can not be uncompressed with smartzip";;
esac

 For loop
o Syntax
for variable in const1 const2 …
do
commands
done
o Ex:
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo “Thieu tham so“

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FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System
echo "Syntax : $0 number"
echo “In bang cuu chuong cho number"
exit 1
fi
n=$1
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
do
echo "$n * $i = `expr $i \* $n`"
done
 while loop
o Syntax
while expression
do
command
done
o Ex
#!/bin/sh
echo “Chuong trinh tinh tong 1- $1”
index=0
tong=0
while [ $index -lt $1 ]
do
index=$(($index + 1))
tong=$(($tong + $index))
done
echo "Tong 1-$1= $tong"
exit 0
 Until loop
o Syntax
until expression
do
commands
done
o Keyword: break, exit (exit to shell), continue
 Delay the program in runtime: sleep <time>
 Select constructs
o Syntax
select var in ...
do
break
done

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FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System
o Ex
#!/bin/sh
echo "What is your favourite OS?“
select var in "Linux" "Gnu Hurd" "Free BSD" "Other”
do
break
done
echo "You have selected $var"
 Array
o Declaration: ArrayName=("element 1" "element 2" "element 3")
o Access : ${ArrayName[subscript]}
o Get number of element
 ${#ArrayName[@]}
 ${#ArrayName[*]}
o Get all element of array: ${ArrayName[*]}
o Get the index of element: ${!ArrayName[*]}
o Ex
#!/bin/bash
array=(one two three four [5]=five)
echo "Array size: ${#array[*]}"
echo "Array items:"
for item in ${array[*]} do
printf " %s\n" $item
done
echo "Array indexes:"
for index in ${!array[*]} do
printf " %d\n" $index
done
echo "Array items and indexes:"
for index in ${!array[*]} do
printf "%4d: %s\n" $index ${array[$index]}
done
Some the examples and exercises
 Factorial
#!/bin/sh
echo “Chuong trinh tinh $1!”
index=0
gt=1
while [ $index -lt $1 ]
do
index=$(($index + 1))
gt=$(($gt * $index))
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FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System
done
echo "$1!= $gt"
exit 0
 Count word in file
#!/bin/sh
echo “Chuong trinh dem so tu cua tap tin $1”
{
n=0
while read line
do
for wd in $line
do
n=$(($n + 1))
done
done
echo “Tong so tu cua tap tin $1 la : $n”
}<$1
exit 0
 Checking user in system
tmp=$( grep $1:x /etc/passwd | wc –l )
if [ $tmp –eq 0 ]
then
echo “User $1 không tồn tại trong hệ thống”
else
echo “User $1 tồn tại trong hệ thống”
grep $1:x /etc/passwd
kt=$( who | grep $1 | wc –l )
if [ $kt –ne 0 ]
then
echo “User $1 đang logon vào hệ thống”
else
echo “User $1 không logon vào hệ thống”
fi
fi
 Checking date
kiemtra(){
if [ $1 = “Sat” ]
then
echo “Hôm nay là ngày nghĩ”
sleep 60
exit

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FPT University Lab 4 – Operating System
else
echo “Hom nay là ngày $1”
fi
}
tmp = $( date | cut –c 3 )
kiemtra $tmp
 Arithmetic Operation
tong=` expr $1 + $2 `
echo “Tong của 2 số $1 và $2 là : $tong”
hieu=` expr $1 - $2 `
echo “Hiệu của 2 số $1 và $2 là : $hieu”
tich=` expr $1 \* $2 `
echo “Tích của 2 số $1 và $2 là : $tich”
th=` expr $1 / $2 `
echo “Thương của 2 số $1 và $2 là : $th”
 Luckily Number
secretNumber=$(( ((`date +%N` / 1000) % 100) +1 ))
guess=-1
while [ "$guess" != "$secretNumber" ]; do
echo -n "I am thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Enter your guess:"
read guess
if [ "$guess" = "" ]; then
echo "Please enter a number."
elif [ "$guess" = "$secretNumber" ]; then
echo -e "\aYes! $guess is the correct answer!"
elif [ "$secretNumber" -gt "$guess" ]; then
echo "The secret number is larger than your guess. Try again."
else
echo "The secret number is smaller than your guess. Try again."
fi
done
Submission
Upload the word or pdf file to cms describes some questions as
 Submit the source of the shell script (*.sh) and capture the screen that present
the result of shell script program of Fibonacci in Shell.
Requirement
All the capture must be combination with full the windows including your accounts on
the windows and the Linux OS (if it is not, you will be taken 0 mark). Should be use
the capture in windows with jpg format to reduce the file size with your submitting
END

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