1.0-Scratch Interface 1.

Valuable Information
The Scratch Interface is divided to three:
1. Stage
2. Sprite/background properties
3. Scratch Action Blocks
Building the game by designing the sprites and the background.
Adding scripts to the sprites and positioning the sprites on stage

Action Blocks Sprite Properties The Stage

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 Scratch Interface 1.1

Your Task...
1. Use the buttons under the stage to add a" sprite from file", or
"surprise sprite"
2. Give a meaningful name to your sprite in sprite properties (like
Ghost or Orange Cat)
3. Repeat the action with your other sprites

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

1.2-Background Design
1.3-Adding costumes
2.0-Sprite Motion
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 1.0 1.1-Paint Editor 1.2

Valuable Information
The main tools in the Paint Editors are:
1. Rotate, flip and size tools
2. Sprite editing tools(paintbrush, select, eraser, stamp)
3. Color Palette

Drawing Area

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 1.0 1.1-Paint Editor 1.2

Your Task…Design a new sprite

1. Add two or more costumes to create a new sprite
2. With the Select Tool, attach the costumes together
3. Press OK when finished

1 2

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.0- Move Your Sprite
1.3- Adding Costumes

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 1.1 1.2-Adding Background 1.2

Valuable Information
The background is used to design various levels/rooms of a game.
To add/change background, press the background button at the bottom of the stage.
At the properties area choose background tab
You have three options to add a background:
1. Paint- in scratch paint editor (card 1.1)
2. Import- Import an external image from Scratch's library or your own
3. Camera- use a web cam to capture an image

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 1.1 1.2-Adding Background 1.2

Your task…import a background

1. Choose background tab and then press the import button
2. Choose one of Scratch's background image
3. Press Edit and recolor your background
4. Press OK to finish your editing

2
1

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.0-Motion With Keys 1.1- Paint Editor
2.9-Collisions-Jump to…

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 1.2 2.0-Motion with Keys 2.1

Valuable Information
What are Scratch Action Blocks?
An Action Block is a graphic block that contains an instruction.
Scratch Action Blocks are divided to groups, that are marked with different colors.
You can add Scratch Action Blocks to any sprite or background.
When you put together various Action Blocks, you create a Script.
Scripts are actually programming of the sprites.

Action Block Palette Individual Blocks

Blocks In a Script

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 1.2 2.0-Motion with Keys 2.1

Your Task...-Move Your Sprite

In Scratch all the scripts begin with a “hooded” control Action Block
Move Your Sprite begin with the “hooded” Action Block
When (name of the Key) key pressed
Script order :
When (an arrow key) pressed
Point in direction…(see card 2.1)
Move (set desire d number) steps

-90 90

180

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.1-Rotation Style 1.0- Scratch Interface
2.3- Following a sprite
2.5-Coordination System
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 2.0 2.1-Rotation Style 2.2

Valuable Information
Sprites in Scratch can rotate in three possible ways:
1. Vertically-(up and down) this is the default setting
2. Horizontally-(Left and write)
3. Fixed – the sprite doesn’t change direction

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 2.0 2.1-Rotation Style 2.2

Your task…where are you going?

Add three sprites. For each sprite, add the following code:
When green flag clicked
1. In a forever loop block (card 2.2) add :
a. Move… steps (set desired steps)
b. if on edge, bounce
2. Change the rotation style of each sprite
3. Copy a script by dragging and dropping it to the images under the stage

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.2-Motion Animation 1.0- Scratch Interface
2.3- Following a sprite 2.0-Motion with Keys
2.4-Motion Path
 2.1 2.2-Motion Animation 2.3

Valuable Information
A loop is an action that repeats itself numerous times instead of repeating
Code writing manually. In Scratch, we have four types of Motion Animation:
1. Forever-the script runs as long as the game runs- for example: sprite animation
2. Repeat..-the script repeat itself up to the number in the loop-for example- timer
3. Forever if... the script runs only when the condition is fulfilled (see card 2.7)
4. Repeat Until -The script stops when condition fulfilled- for example :
Number of apples

Common Motion
Animation Patterns

1 2

3 4

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 2.1 2.2-Motion Animation 2.3

Your Task...-Motion Animation

1. Add a sprite with two costumes- www.clker.com has great royalty free drawing
2. In the paint editor, change the sprites a little to imitate movement
(in this sample the button of the camera was cut to half)
3. Add a Loop identical to the screen capture.
4. To prevent frantic change in animation, add the Action block wait 0.1 seconds

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.9-Levels 1.0- Scratch Interface
2.4-Motion with Mouse 1.2-Paint Editor
2.1-Rotation Style
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 2.2 2.3-Rotation Style 2.4

Valuable Information
Following a sprite gives the programmer the ability to create sprites
that automatically follows another sprite.
Chasers, bullets and ball games are some of the options.

Automatically following the mouse cursor, enables a precise control

of the movement of the player's sprite.

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 2.2 2.3-Rotation Style 2.4

Your task… the chase

1. Program sprite One to move with the keyboard (card 2.0)
2. Add another a chaser sprite (no. 2) and program it to follow sprite One
3. Add a third sprite- Finish Line to which your sprite needs to arrive without
being captured.

1 2

3
1
2

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.0-Motion with keys 1.2-Paint Editor
2.1-Rotation Style 2.7-Collisions
2.2-Motion Animation
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 2.3 2.4-Motion Path 2.5

Valuable Information
So far you've learnt to:
1. Add sprites and backgrounds and edit them graphically
2. The ways to move your sprite and three rotation styles
In this card you will practice all these topics combined.
 2.3 2.4-Motion Path 2.5

Your task… Motion Path

1. Add two sprites (card 1.0)
2. Paint a path as a background in the paint editor (card 1.1)
3. Option A: program one sprite to move with the keyboard (card 2.0)
4. Option B: Program the sprite to follow the mouse cursor (card 2.3)
add to the script two blocks- point in direction 90, wait 1 sec (see screen shot)
5. The sprites don't stop at the walls of the path, this can be changed by
referring to card 2.7-collisions

4
1
2

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.6-Sensing 2.0-Motion with Keys
2.7-Collisions 2.1-Rotation Style
3.0-Variables 2.3 Motion with Mouse
 2.4 2.5-Coordinate System 2.6

Valuable Information
With Scratch coordinate system, there’s accurate control of sprites’ motion.
1. The Stage is divided by two hidden lines (axis)
2. A horizontal line (named X), a Vertical line (named Y)
3. Each point on the axis has a value
4. At the center of the screen X=0 Y=0
5. When a sprite moves, it's X & Y values changes according to movement
6. The sprite's X & Y values can be found in the sprite properties

Y =Positive
Y =Positive
Y =Positive X =Positive
X =Negative

X =Negative X =Positive

Y =Negative
Y =Negative
X =Negative
X =Positive
Y =Negative

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 2.4 2.5-Coordinate System 2.6

Your Task...Diagonal motion

Program a sprite that will move diagonally when the up and down arrows are pressed .
1. When moving right the X value increase When moving Left X value decreases
2. When moving up Y value increases. When moving down Y value decreases
3. Diagonal motion is changing values of X and Y simultaneously
In the game below the cat moves diagonally to catch the mouse.
Add the script below to move your cat diagonally

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.6-Sensing 2.0- Keys Motion Programming
3.0-Variables 2.3- Following a sprite
3.1-Counter Variable
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 2.5 2.6-Sensing 2.7

Valuable Information
Sensors are action blocks that checks on various conditions and data.
A sensor block is not a standalone block. It is inserted into other blocks.
There are two types of sensor blocks:
1. Value sensor- these blocks test a numerical value- X&Y value of a sprite,
distances, volume level etc.
2. Test sensor- These blocks test if various conditions happen- mouse button
pressed, color touches another color, sprite touches another sprite etc.

1 2

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 2.5 2.6-Sensing 2.7

Your task… photography tour

1. Add a sprite of a camera (royalty free site for sprites www.clker.com)
2. Add the script that is shown in the screen shot
3. Instead of the original value, add a test blocks- Mouse X & Mouse Y
4. Repaint part to transparent color
5. Now the camera will follow the mouse cursor

1 2
3

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

3.0-Variables 1.2-Paint Editor
3.1-Counter Variable 2.3- Following a sprite
2.5-Coordinate System
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 2.6 2.7- collisions 2.8

Valuable Information
Collisions are contact between sprites or between a sprite and certain color
You check collisions with conditional sentences (If Car touch Tank...)
Conditional sentences (also known as IF sentences) are under control tab.
Collision are used for:
1. Points
2. Collecting and hiding objects
3. Changing levels and setting location of sprites

Collision Script Structure Collision Script - Points

Collision Script - Collect & Hide Collision Script - Location

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 2.6 2.7- collisions 2.8

Your Task…Refill
1. Add two sprites- one of a car and one of a fuel tank (a royalty free site
for costumes (www.clker.com)
2. Program the car to follow the mouse pointer or to move with keys
3. Add the script under the title "fuel tank" to the appropriate sprite
4. Add the script under the title "car" to the appropriate sprite

Car Fuel Tank

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.9-Location setting 2.2- Motion Animation
3.0-Variables 2.3- Following a sprite
2.5- Coordination System
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 2.7 2.8- collisions-Broadcast 2.9

Valuable Information
Broadcast is an order that is sent from one sprite to another (others) sprite.
Using broadcast controls many events at one time – repositioning sprites,
hide/show sprites etc.
The programmer names the broadcast. There is no limit to the number of broadcasts.
The block broadcast is part of a script.
The block when I receive… is an starting block.

Send and receive broadcast blocks Broadcast by collision script

Broadcast by click on sprite script

Broadcast by value check script Receiving broadcast scripts

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 2.7 2.8- collisions-Broadcast 2.9

Your task…RC car

In this task, you will program and drive an RC car.
1. Create four sprites of arrows from the Things folder
2. Add a sprite of a car
3. Add the racing track background (You can use Marble Racer background)
4. Program the arrows and the car according to the screen shots

Background and Sprites Remote Control Scripts

Car –Directions Scripts Car -Motion and Initiation Scripts

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.9-Location setting 2.2- Motion Animation
3.0-Variables 2.3- Following a sprite
2.5- Coordination System
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 2.8 2.9- collisions-Jump to… 3.0

Valuable Information
A lot of sprites change form and location during the course of a game.
Reset Scripts are used to reset the sprites to their initial status.
Reset scripts set the hide/show status, point direction, X & Y location and setting
points and lives to initial values.
During a game, the location of a sprite is usually set in a collision script with another
sprite or the edge.

New Level
Position and show reset scripts

New Game Reset Scripts

Jump to after a collision Scripts

 2.8 2.9- collisions-Jump to… 3.0

Your Task…Rainfall Recycle

In this task, your job is to collect the water drops from the raincloud.
1.Add three sprites- a cloud, a drop and a bucket
2.Program the bucket to move left and right with the arrows
3.To program the cloud, copy the code from the screen shot
4.In the programming of the rain drop, add the block x position / Y position instead
of the numbers in the jump to block.
5. Add the broadcast and when I receive broadcast blocks to the cloud and the drop

Cloud Scripts Drop Scripts

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.5- Coordination System 2.2- Motion Animation
3.0-Variables 2.8-Collisions-Broadcasting
 2.9 3.0-Variables 3.1

Valuable Information
A variable is like a container whose content constantly change.
The variable is given a name by the programmer when created.
Variables are used for counting points, or lives of a player, or to remember
an action (Counter Variable). There are two types of variables:
1. Global Variable- a variable that all sprites can affect
2. Local Variable- a variable that is affected only by sprite it was created in

How to Add a Variable to Scratch

1. Choose Variables Tab
2. Press on Make a variable button
3. Give a meaningful name to your Variable (speed,
points, lives etc.)
4. Choose between Global (For all sprites) or
local variable (For this sprite only)

1
2

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 2.9 3.0-Variables 3.1

Your Task...-Touch Ball

In this game you have one sprite- a ball that each time the player touch
The ball, its motion speed increases.
1. Create a new sprite- give it the name “ball”
2. Create a variable , set it as global (For all sprites)
3. Add the scripts in the picture below to your ball

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.5- Coordination System 2.2- Motion Animation
3.1- Counter Variable

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 3.0 3.1-Counters 3.2

Valuable information
Counters are variables that are used for events such as-
points change, shooting and timer. There are two types of counters:
1. Automatic Counter -this counter value change in a loop
(like the variable time that counts seconds)
2. Event Counter-the loop of this counter is triggered after a collision
or a keyboard / mouse input
In counter scripts before the loop insert Set… to… block to reset the variable.
In event counter script use wait until block to repeat the loop one at a time.

Automatic Counter Key/Mouse pressed Event Counter

Collision Event Counter

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 3.0 3.1-Counters 3.2

Your task…Shoot the Balloons

In this game shoot as many balloons in 30 seconds.
1. Paint / import two sprites- Balloon and gun sight
2. Program the gun sight to follow the mouse cursor
3. Program the balloons to move bottom-up and, if not shot, to disappear when
touching the edge
4. Add the variables-bullets, balloons and time, use screen shots for scripts
*In the gun balloon collision, there are two conditions- key press and collision to
get the points for shooting the balloon.

Time variable- Bullets variables- Balloons variable-

insert in Background Insert in Gun Sight sprite Insert in Balloon sprite

Balloon sprite- Gun sight sprite-

Collision with Edge script Reset and motion script

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.5- Coordination System 2.1- Rotation Style
3.0- Variables 2.2- Motion animation
2.6-Sensing
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 3.1 3.2-Math Operators 3.3

Valuable information
Math operators are used for various calculations.
There are five types of operators:
1. Basic Calculations-round block- multiply, division, add, subtract
2. Comparisons- bigger then, smaller then, equal
3. Advanced calculations
4. Additional condition blocks
5. Random numbers (one block- range of random numbers like the lottery)

Your task-Fly the plane

See other side for details Random number script

Comparison script

Additional condition blocks script

A Negative condition
block Script

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 3.1 3.2-Math Operators 3.3

Your task…Fly the Plane

1. Make a sprite that has various shapes on it (See Screenshot on the other side)
2. Condition "if line not touched"-starts the timer when the line isn't touched.
3. Condition "if life = 0"- stops all sprites- end the game
4. Doubled Condition -this controls the attempts after two seconds out of line
the player lose one life
5. The block Go to front is used to make sure the plane is above the line
Add a script that gets you to the next level

1 2 3

4 5

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

2.5- Coordination System 2.2- Motion animation
2.8-Collisions- Broadcasting 2.6-Sensing
3.0- Variables
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 3.2 3.3-Scrolling Games 3.4

Valuable information
Scrolling is a method to create a genre of games known as platform games
such as Mario bro.
In these games the background is constantly changing and creates
an illusion of movement. Unlike other games, in this game,
the background is actually a series of sprites and most of the work is in designing
them to look like continuous background. For our purposes, we use the file called
scrollDemo in the Games folder in Scratch.

Player scripts- Background sprites scripts-

Motion changes value of variable Position set by changing values
in The equation

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 3.2 3.3-Scrolling Games 3.4

Your task…Super Mario

1. Open ScrollDemo from Examples>Games
2. Change the Sprite Player to your own sprite
3. Change the sprites named TerrainX to another name, keep the numbers
4. Create new background sprites by duplicating the existing sprites
5. In all the existing Sprites the location formula is Scrollx+480*1,2,3
6. Change the single digit in your new sprite to a negative number,
the Sprite is added to the left of the screen

The New Sprite File > Open > Examples > Games

A negative add sprite Add sprite

left of screen Right of screen

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

1.1- Paint Editor 2.5-Coordination System
2.7-Collisions 3.0-Variables
3.1- Counters 3.2-Math Operators
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010
 3.3 3.4-Arrays

Valuable information
An array is a variable that stores a large number of values
The values in an array are called items. An Array can hold numerical or textual items.
During a game more items can be added to an array and used later.
. In scratch Arrays are called lists. To add a list:
1. In the Variables tab choose Make a list
2. Add the items to the new list
3. Use the items in various scripts

1 List Blocks 2 A list full of items

3 Samples of list usage

© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010

 3.3 3.4-Arrays

Your task…The Fortune Teller

1. Add two sprites- a fortune teller and a crystal ball
2. Design three customs for the crystal ball sprite (a ball in 3 different colors)
3. Add a list and fill it with general statements as items
For programming use two blocks:
1. Ask...and wait this block is in the sensing tab and receive the user's input
2. Say item (random number) of… these blocks use random items from the list,
and create an illusion of a conversation

Add Crystal Ball and Fairy Sprites Add Costumes and Scripts
To the Crystal Ball Sprite

Add this Script to the Fairy Sprite

Duplicate to create
A “conversation”

Related Cards: Prerequisite Cards:

1.1- Paint Editor 2.5-Coordination System
2.2-Motion Animation 3.0-Variables
3.2-Math Operators
© All Rights Reserved Amitai Gat 2010