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MCSC202 Theory Chap 5 Lec 1

This document provides an overview of least square curve fitting methods presented in a numerical methods course. It introduces least square fitting as a way to derive an approximating function that broadly fits experimental data points without necessarily passing through each point. Specific techniques covered include fitting straight lines, quadratics, power functions, and exponentials. Examples are provided for straight line, non-linear, and polynomial fitting. The document concludes with problems for classwork on least square fitting.

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63 views29 pages

MCSC202 Theory Chap 5 Lec 1

This document provides an overview of least square curve fitting methods presented in a numerical methods course. It introduces least square fitting as a way to derive an approximating function that broadly fits experimental data points without necessarily passing through each point. Specific techniques covered include fitting straight lines, quadratics, power functions, and exponentials. Examples are provided for straight line, non-linear, and polynomial fitting. The document concludes with problems for classwork on least square fitting.

Uploaded by

Bino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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NUMERICAL METHODS

(MCSC-202)

By
Samir Shrestha
Department of Mathematics
Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel

Lecture 1
Chap-5: Least Square Curve Fitting
1
Numerical Methods
Contents

 Basic introduction of Computer programming


language [4]
 Errors in numerical computation [5]
 Root findings [7]
 Finite differences and Interpolation [8]
 Numerical Differentiation and Integration [7]
• Curve fitting [2]
• Numerical Methods for Differential Equations
ODE (IVP) [6]
• Matrices and System of linear equations [6]
References
Recommended Text Book
• Introductory Methods of Numerical analysis, S. S. Sastry, PHI
Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 5th edition, 2012.

Supplementary Text Book


• Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering computation,
M. K. Jain, S. R. K Iyengar & R. K. Jain, New Age International
Publisher, 4th edition, 2005.
3
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

Outline

• Introduction
• Least square curve fitting procedure
• Fitting a straight line
• Fitting a quadratic curve
• Non-linear curve fitting
- Fitting by power function
- Fitting by exponential function
• Fitting a polynomial degree n

4
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

Introduction
to
Curve Fitting

5
Chap-5: Curve Fitting
Introduction:

• In many applications, it is often becomes necessary to


establish a mathematical relationship between experimental
values
• This mathematical relation could be used to find the missing
value in the data or to predict/forcast the value in the future
• A common strategy for such cases is to derive an
approximating function that broadly fits the general trend of
the data without necessarily passing through the individual
points
• The curve fitted is such that the error between data points and
curve fitted is least. Hence, the method is widely known as
Least Square Method
6
Introduction: Continues … Chap-5: Curve Fitting

Idea !!!
From the given set of data points 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1,2, … , 𝑚, we fit a
curve 𝑌 = 𝑓(𝑥) that minimize the square of the errors

𝒚 𝒀 = 𝒇 (𝒙)

7
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

8
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

9
Fitting a Straight line (Continue ...) Chap-5: Curve Fitting

10
Fitting a Straight line (Continue ...) Chap-5: Curve Fitting

11
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

Examples
Straight Line Fitting

12
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

13
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

14
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

Non-linear Curve Fitting


(Transforming into Linear Form)
• Given data may not always follow the linear relationship that
can be ensured by plotting the data
• Some of the non-linear model can be easily transformed into
linear relationship
• Some non-linear laws and their transformations into linear
relation are presented in this section

15
Chap-5: Curve Fitting
Non-linear curves transformed into linear form:

16
Chap-5: Curve Fitting
Non-linear curves transformed into linear form: Continue ...

17
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

Examples
Non-linear Curve Fitting

18
Chap-5: Curve Fitting
Example: (Non-linear curve fitting ): Continue ...

19
Chap-5: Curve Fitting
Example: (Non-linear curve fitting) : Continue ...

(2)

20
Chap-5: Curve Fitting
Example: (Non-linear curve fitting) : Continue ...

21
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

Curve Fitting by Polynomials

22
Chap-5: Curve Fitting

23
Curve Fitting by Polynomials: Continue ... Chap-5: Curve Fitting

24
Example (Curve Fitting by Polynomials) Chap-5: Curve Fitting

25
Chap-5: Curve Fitting
Example (Curve Fitting by Polynomials): Continue ...

26
Chapter-4
Classwork
Least Square Fitting
Problem 1:

Problem 2

27
Chapter-4
Classwork
Least Square Fitting
Problem 3:

Problem 4

28
End of Lecture-1

Next
Chapter-6
Numerical Soltuons of Ordinary
Differential Equations (ODEs)
29

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