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Jignesh.Parmar

(C) Lighting Factor:

(1) Maintenance Factor (Light Loss Factors) (MF) Blog Stats
15,506,051 hits
The Maintenance Factor (Light loss factor) is the combination of factors used to denote the reduction of the
illumination for a given area after a period of time compared to the initial illumination on the same area.
The efficiency of the luminaire is reduced over time. The designer must estimate this reduction to properly estimate About Jignesh Parmar:
the light available at the end of the lamp maintenance life.
Luminaire maintenance factors vary according to the intervals between cleaning, the amount of atmospheric Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power

pollution and the IP rating of the luminaire. System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member

However, it is proposed to consider maintenance factor of not less than 0.5 for LED Road lighting installations for of Institution of Engineers (MIE) and CEng,India.

IP66 rated luminaires. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more than

The maintenance factor may range from 0.50 to 0.90, with the typical range between 0.65 To 0.75 16 years experience in Transmission -

These maintenance factor values shall be adopted for the purposes of producing the lighting simulation design. Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-
Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects
The maintenance factor is the product of the following factors. Close and accept
To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Cookie Policy (Planning-Designing-Technical Review- Follow
LLF = LLD x LDD x EF
Mostly We consider Maintenance factor from 0.8 to 0.9 coordination -Execution). He is Presently

We have to choose Maintenance factor carefully by increasing maintenance factor 0.5 the spacing of pole associate with one of the leading business group

increasing 2 meter to 2.5 meter. as a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He

has published numbers of Technical Articles in
“Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical India”, “Lighting
Maintenance Factor Max. Spacing of Pole (Meter)
India”,”Smart Energy”, “Industrial
0.95 43 Electrix”(Australian Power Publications)
Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of
0.9 40.5
Advance Excel and design useful Excel base
0.85 38 Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE
codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with
0.8 36
English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He
wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and
(A) Lamp Lumen Depreciation Factor (LLD)
help technical enthusiasts to find suitable
As the lamp progresses through its service life, the lumen output of the lamp decreases. This is an inherent solutions and updating themselves on various
characteristic of all lamps. The initial lamp lumen value is adjusted by a lumen depreciation factor to compensate Engineering Topics.
for the anticipated lumen reduction.
This assures that a minimum level of illumination will be available at the end of the assumed lamp life, even though
lamp lumen depreciation has occurred. This information should be provided by the manufacturer. For design Follow Blog via Email
purposes, a LLD factor of 0.9 to 0.78 should be used.
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receive notifications of new posts by email.
(B) Luminaire Dirt Depreciation Factor (LDD).
Join 12,113 other followers
Dirt on the exterior and interior of the luminaries and to some on the lamp reduces the amount of light reaching the
roadway. Enter your email address
Various degrees of dirt accumulation may be anticipated depending upon the area in which the luminaire is
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located. Industry, exhaust of vehicles, especially large diesel trucks, dust, etc, all combine to produce the dirt
accumulation on the luminaries.
Higher mounting heights, however, reduce the vehicle-related dirt accumulations.
LDD factor of 0.87 to 0.95 should be used. This is based on a moderately dirty environment and three years Electrical Notes-…
exposure time. 22K likes

(C) Equipment Factor (EF).

Allows for variations inherent in the manufacture and operation of the equipment (i.e., luminaries, system voltage Like Page
and voltage drop).
It is generally assumed to be 95%.
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(2) Coefficient of Utilization (CU):
Coefficient of Utilization is the ratio of the luminous flux from a luminaire received on the surface of the roadway to
the lumens emitted by the luminaire’s lamps alone.
Coefficient of Utilization should be maximum.
Coefficient of Utilization differs with each luminaire type, and depends upon mounting height, road width, and
overhang.
The coefficient of utilization (K) should be over 30% or the utilance above 40% for the road, highway, square or
BUY ELECTRICAL SOFTWARES
enclosure. Luminaires or floodlights should not by placed far from the area to be lit or, where appropriate, light
projection beyond the useful zone should be minimized (K = average maintained illuminance multiplied by the
surface calculation and divided by the lumens installed).

BUY ELECTRICAL NOTE IN PDF

BUY ELECTRICAL SOFTWARES.

Luminaries Dirt Luminaire Lumen
Type Total Light Loss Factor
Depreciation Depreciation

LED 0.9 0.85 0.765

HPS 0.9 0.9 0.81

LPS 0.9 0.85 (0.7 for 180W) 0.765 (0.63 for 180W)

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Type of Lamp Laminar Dirt description

Light Loss Factors

Light Loss Factor

85 /100

HPS 0.88 0.74

Induction 0.88 0.62

LED 0.88 0.72 SEARCH

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Thumb Rules-VENTILATION & CEILING FAN

Factors Pollution category Pollution category
Electrical Thumb Rules-Illumination-(Part-20)
Low Medium High Low Medium High
Quick Reference-Fire Fighting (Part-2)
LMF 0.88 0.82 0.76 0.9 0.87 0.83
Quick Reference-Fire Fighting (Part-1)
LLMF 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
Electrical Thumb Rule- High Rise Building (As
MF 0.78 0.73 0.68 0.80 0.77 0.74 per NBC)

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(E) Lighting Uniformities
Calculate Size of Cable for Motor (As NEC)

(1) Lighting Uniformities How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-6)

Uniformity is a description of the smoothness of the lighting pattern or the degree of the intensity of bright and dark How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-5)
areas on the road. How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-4)
Uniformity is a measure of how evenly distributed the light on the road is, which can be expressed as Overall
How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-3)
Uniformity (UO) and Longitudinal Uniformity (UL).
The uniformity ratio shall not exceed 4:1 and preferably should not exceed 3:1 except on residential streets, where How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-2)
6:1 may be acceptable. How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-1)

(A) Overall uniformity: Calculate Size of Pole Foundation & Wind

Pressure on Pole
In design, the overall uniformity (UO) is expressed as a ratio of the minimum to the average luminance on the road
Calculate Size of Circuit Breaker/ Fuse for
surface of the carriageway within the calculation area.
Transformer (As per NEC)
UO=Lmin / Lave
Selection of Various Types of UPS (Part-2)

Selection of Various Types of UPS (Part-1)

Electrical Thumb Rules-Illumination-(Part-19).

Archives
January 2020 (1)

December 2019 (1)

November 2019 (1)

October 2019 (2)

It is a measure of how evenly or uniformly illuminate on the road surface. September 2019 (2)

A good overall uniformity ensures that all spots and objects on the road are sufficiently lit and visible to the August 2019 (2)
motorist.
July 2019 (2)
The industry accepted value for UO is 30 to 0.40.
June 2019 (1)
(B) Longitudinal uniformity:
May 2019 (2)

The longitudinal uniformity (UL) is expressed as the ratio of the minimum to maximum luminance along the center April 2019 (3)
line of a lane within the calculation area.
March 2019 (2)
UL=Lmin / Lmax.
Longitudinal uniformity is a measure to reduce bright and dark bands of light appearing on road lit surfaces. The February 2019 (2)

effect can be somewhat hypnotic and present confusing luminance patterns. January 2019 (3)

December 2018 (2)

November 2018 (2)

October 2018 (1)

September 2018 (2)

August 2018 (3)

July 2018 (1)

June 2018 (1)

May 2018 (1)

April 2018 (1)

March 2018 (1)

February 2018 (2)

It is a measure to reduce the intensity of bright and dark banding on road lit surface.
January 2018 (1)
A good level of longitudinal uniformity ensures comfortable driving conditions by reducing the Pattern of high and
low luminance levels on a road (i.e. zebra effect). December 2017 (1)
It is applicable to long continuous roads. November 2017 (1)

Combination of Overall Uniformity and Longitudinal Uniformity: October 2017 (1)

September 2017 (1)

August 2017 (1)

July 2017 (2)

June 2017 (1)

May 2017 (1)

April 2017 (1)

March 2017 (1)

February 2017 (1)

January 2017 (1)

The picture on the left shows a road with good UO while the picture on the right has low level of UO. The Road is
December 2016 (1)
more visible in the road with higher UO. Having higher UO allows the motorist to see the road clearly and
anticipate potential road hazards (e.g. open manholes, road excavations, sharp objects on the road, people November 2016 (1)

crossing the street). October 2016 (1)

The picture on the right shows a road with low level of UL demonstrating the ‘Zebra Effect’ while the picture on the
September 2016 (1)
left has high level of UL without ‘Zebra Effect’.
The ‘zebra effect’ can cause discomfort to motorists, posing a risk to road safety. Ensuring good level of uniformity August 2016 (1)
can reduce the luminance level needed. July 2016 (1)

June 2016 (1)

Lighting levels
May 2016 (1)
Uniformity ratios
Category Eave ( LUX) Emin LUX) April 2016 (2)
Emax : Emin Eave : Emin
March 2016 (2)
Express & Main street 30 15 3:01 2.5:1
February 2016 (2)
Suburban shopping street 25 10 5:01 3:01 January 2016 (2)

Subsidiary street 15 10 5:01 3:01 December 2015 (1)

Other streets 15 5 10:01 5:01 November 2015 (1)

October 2015 (2)

September 2015 (1)

August 2015 (1)

Uniformity Ratio
Road Classification Area Classification Average Lux July 2015 (1)
(Aver./Min.)
June 2015 (1)
Commercial 12
Arterial (Minor & May 2015 (1)
Intermediate 9
Major) 3 to 1 April 2015 (1)
Residential 6
March 2015 (2)
Commercial 8
February 2015 (2)
Collector (Minor &
Intermediate 6 January 2015 (2)
Major)
Residential 4 4 to 1 December 2014 (2)

Commercial 6 November 2014 (2)

Local Intermediate 5 October 2014 (2)

September 2014 (2)

Residential 3 6 to 1
August 2014 (3)
Commercial 4
July 2014 (2)
Alleys Intermediate 3
6 to 1 June 2014 (2)
Residential 2
May 2014 (2)
Commercial 3 3 to 1
April 2014 (2)
Sidewalks
Intermediate 6 4 to 1 March 2014 (3)
(Roadside)
Residential 2 6 to 1 February 2014 (4)

Pedestrian Ways 15 3 to 1 January 2014 (2)

December 2013 (1)

November 2013 (1)

Illumination for Intersections October 2013 (2)

September 2013 (3)

Average Maintained Illumination at Pavement by Pedestrian August 2013 (3)
Functional Uniformity
Area Classification in Lumen
Classification July 2013 (3)
High Medium Low Eavg/Emin
June 2013 (3)
Major/Major 37 28 19 32 May 2013 (3)

Major/Collector 31 24 16 32 April 2013 (2)

Major/Local 28 22 14 32 March 2013 (3)

Collector/Collector 26 19 16 43 February 2013 (2)

January 2013 (3)

Collector/Local 23 17 11 43
December 2012 (2)
Local/Local 19 15 9 65
November 2012 (3)

October 2012 (1)

September 2012 (3)

Illumination for Pedestrian Areas
August 2012 (7)

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways July 2012 (2)

May 2012 (7)

Area Classification Description E avg (Lux) EV min (Lux) E avg/Emin
April 2012 (2)
High Pedestrian Mixed Vehicle and
22 11 43
Conflict Pedestrian March 2012 (3)

Areas Pedestrian Only 11 5 43 February 2012 (2)

January 2012 (1)

Medium Pedestrian
Pedestrian Areas 5 2 43 December 2011 (3)
Conflict Areas
November 2011 (2)
Low Pedestrian Rural/Semi-Rural Areas 2 1 108
October 2011 (4)
Low Density Residential
September 2011 (2)
Conflict Areas (2 or fewer dwelling 3 1 65
units per acre) August 2011 (1)

June 2011 (5)

Medium Density
Residential (2.1 to 6.0 4 1 43 May 2011 (3)
dwelling units per acre)
April 2011 (12)
Pedestrian Portion of March 2011 (17)
Pedestrian/Vehicular Day 108 54 43
Underpasses
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About Jignesh.Parmar
IS 1255
Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of
Institution of Engineers (MIE) and CEng,India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more than 16 IS 15652/11171/1445/1678
years experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical IS 3043 / 5039
Maintenance-Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently
IS 5613
associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published
numbers of Technical Articles in “Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical India”, “Lighting India”,”Smart Energy”, “Industrial IS 694 / 1554 / 11892
Electrix”(Australian Power Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design
IE Rules for DP Structure
useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with
English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical Electrical Notes
enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.
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