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EOR in Indian Context by ONGC

EOR techniques target immobile oil left behind after conventional recovery. While EOR provides benefits like increased recovery and extended field life, it also faces challenges of being capital intensive, technology-heavy, and long lead times. ONGC has implemented various EOR projects onshore and offshore over decades that have contributed to increased cumulative production. Key enablers for successful EOR include management support, R&D partnerships, optimized techniques for each reservoir, and incentives to make projects economically viable especially in mature fields.

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Nitin Sharma
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103 views

EOR in Indian Context by ONGC

EOR techniques target immobile oil left behind after conventional recovery. While EOR provides benefits like increased recovery and extended field life, it also faces challenges of being capital intensive, technology-heavy, and long lead times. ONGC has implemented various EOR projects onshore and offshore over decades that have contributed to increased cumulative production. Key enablers for successful EOR include management support, R&D partnerships, optimized techniques for each reservoir, and incentives to make projects economically viable especially in mature fields.

Uploaded by

Nitin Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EOR in Indian Context

Workshop on EOR/IOR
20th June 2017
Outline

1 Background
2 ONGC’s Journey so far
Onshore
Offshore

3 Challenges in EOR implementation

4 Critical enablers

5 Summary
What is EOR?

Conventional recovery targets mobile oil in the reservoir and


EOR targets immobile i.e. the oil which cannot be produced
due to capillary and viscous forces
What is EOR?

• Risk & Challenges


• Complex, technology-heavy, capital and resource intensive
• Long lead time

• Benefits
• Re-energizes the reservoir
• Enhanced production and increase Recovery
• Cascading effect in increasing the economic life of the field
EOR Contribution

In cumulative
EOR contribution terms, EOR has
contributed

EOR ~ 3% of total 12% of Western 4.5% of total


worldwide Western
Onshore Onshore
production Production production

9% of 3.3% of total
Onshore Onshore
production production

2.6% of 1.2% of total


ONGC ONGC
production production
Onshore Scenario
Lifecycle of EOR

Staged Process for EOR Project Evaluation and Development


Commercial Ongoing Projects

• Thermal Processes
• In-situ Combustion : Santhal
• In-situ Combustion : Balol
• In-situ Combustion : Lanwa

• Gas Injection Processes


• Miscible Gas Injection : GS 12 Sand,Gandhar
• Water Alternate Gas Scheme : GS 11 Sand,Gandhar
• Water Alternate Gas Scheme : GS 9 Sand,Gandhar
• Immiscible Gas Injection in Borholla

• Chemical Processes
• Polymer Flood-Sanand
EOR Road Map: Balol

2000
Commercial Phase-II
1997
Commercial Phase-I

1992
Semi-Commercial

1990
Pilot

1978-90
Laboratory Evaluation
Heavy Oil : ISC , Balol

Envisaged Primary Recovery : 15 %


Recovered : 20 %
Recovery envisaged : 43 %
Heavy Oil : ISC , Santhal

Envisaged Primary Recovery : 17 %


Recovered : 28 %
Recovery envisaged : 43 %
Light Oil : Miscible HC Gas , Gandhar
Performance Plot of BLOCK: GS12_EMA
1000 300

PRESSURES [SBHP]
800 240
OIL RATE [m³/d]
LIQ RATE [m³/d]

600 180

400 Miscible 120


GI
Started

200 60

0 0
1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Recovery through WF : 36%


Recovered Miscible GI : 50%
Recovery envisaged : 54%
Medium Oil : Polymer Flood, Sanand

500 100

Commercialization
Pilot

Expansion
400 80

WC ( %)
Qo (m3/d)

300 60

200 40

100 20

0 0
1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017

Recovery through WF : 15%


Recovered through Polymer : 26%
Recovery envisaged : 39%
Ongoing EOR Pilots

• ASP pilot-Jhalora (K-IV) : Too Early to Tell

• ASP pilot- Kalol-XII : Under Evaluation


Planned EOR Projects

• Commercial
• ASP : Viraj-K IX+X

• Pilot
• Polymer : Bechraji
• Cycle Steam Stimulation : Lanwa
• ASP : Sobhasan : SS-II
Conceptualized EOR Projects

• Gravity Assisted Immiscible Gas Injection : Kasomarigaon

• Air Injection : Gamij

• Polymer flood : North Kadi

• Miscible CO2 injection : GS-11 , Gandhar

• Miscible Hydrocarbon Gas injection : LBS-2 sand of Laiplingaon

• ASP flood : KS-III, Sanand


Offshore Scenario
Offshore EOR : Few & Far…..

Cumulative number of successful cases of EOR application by start year (Energies 2016, 9, 44)
Opportunities

• Known resources in known Location


• Modest additions on a large base : Gain substantial

Offshore Carbonates

45
Challenges in Offshore
• Carbonate Environment :
Complex rock mineral composition, dual porosity system,
fracture density

• High Salinity (>30,000 ppm) & Temperature (~115 oC),


Hardness (>2000 PPM):
Limits application of Chemical EOR methods

• Large well spacing

45
EOR Pilots
• Completed
• SWAG in Mumbai High: Premature breakthrough of water
and gas, objective couldn’t be met.
• Single well Micro pilot on Low Salinity Water Flood in
Mumbai High : First time in the world in offshore carbonate
• Ongoing
• SWAG in Heera Field : No significant gain. Further studies
like Pressure gradient, PLT and tracer survey are planned.
• Planned
• Low Salinity waterflood in Western Periphery, Mumbai High
South
• Conceptualised
• Low Salinity waterflood in South Heera
Low Salinity Waterflood
• LSF in Mumbai High & Heera
• Laboratory Studies : MH & Heera
• Simulation Studies : MH

• Upscaling from Lab to Field


• Single Well LoSal Pilot conducted in MH South
• Application being planned in MHS & S Heera
LSWF in Western Periphery

Relative K studies suggests incremental oil recovery


with reduction in Sor by 10%
Challenges in EOR implementation
Challenges in Mature Fields

• Legacy infrastructure and rising operating costs

• Integrate new development within current facilities

• Add new facilities to the existing one (Marginal economics)

 Increasing water production


 Late life opportunities
Challenges in Offshore

• Large well spacing

• High retrofitting cost

• Logistic of transporting EOR agents

• Waste Management & HSE issues

• Fear of Unknowns & mindset

45
EOR Enablers
Knowledge Partners
EOR Enablers

• Management focus
• Long-term commitments & willingness to take risks
• Vision for ultimate oil recovery instead of immediate
oil gain
• Research & Development
• Excellence in operational practices

• Management policy
• Companies should manage EOR projects in a
technology portfolio during the Pilot phases

• Economic viability should not be mandatory for


designing and implementing EOR pilot
Incentivizing EOR

• Government policy : Fiscal incentives

• Reduced rate of royalty / Sliding Scale of royalty

• Exemption from Cess

• Weighted tax deduction on expenditure for Pilot EOR


projects

• Incentive for implementing EOR for progressive volume


production

• Tax discount for mature field development through EOR


Summary
• Informed understanding of the process is the pre-requisite of
success

• Tailor made EOR technique to suit specific reservoir

• Adoption of innovative & smart ways in mature field redevelopment

• Reduction of long lead time from concept to field implementation

• Collaboration with reputed Universities/ Institutions for immediate


transfer/ upgradation of knowledge

• Relook into the current economic model : Fiscal incentives can be


the game changer

Thank You

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