1
Linux Admin I
2
HELLO!
We are EC3 team
I am Wesam Bakheet
3
Agenda
✘ Introduction to linux
✘ Accessing the Command Line
✘ Managing Files From the Command Line
✘ Getting Help in Red Hat Enterprise Linux
4
Objectives
✘ Know about Linux OS
✘ Install, log into a Linux system and run simple commands
using the shell.
✘ Understand fundamental file system layout, organization,
and the location of key file types.
✘ Locate documentation and research answers about
commands using man and Info documentation.
5
Introduction to linux
✘ Open source
✘ Kernel & Shell
✘ Linux Distributions
✘ Linux Installation
6
Accessing the Command Line
Using local console Using the desktop
log into a Linux system on a log into the Linux system using
local text console and run the GNOME 3 desktop
simple commands using the environment to run commands
shell. from a shell prompt in a
terminal program.
7
Accessing the Command Line Using local console
✘ What is command line
✗ Is a text-based interface which can be used to input instructions to a
computer system.
✘ What is Bash shell
✗ The Linux command line is provided by a program called the shell.
✘ Shell basics
✗ Command to run.
✗ Options to adjust the behavior of the command.
✗ Arguments, which a re typically targets of the command.
✘ Users types In Linux
✗ Superuser (root user) and Regular user.
Shell basics 8
✘ Commands have the following syntax:
✗ [student@desktopX -]$ command Options arguments
✗ [root@desktopX -]# command Options arguments
✘ Each item is separated by a space.
✘ Options modify a command's behavior.
Shell basics 9
✘ Single-letter options usually preceded by “-” Can be passed
as -a -b -c or –abc.
✘ Full-word options usually preceded by “--” [ --help]
✘ Arguments are file names or other data needed by the
command.
✘ Multiple Commands can be separated by “;”.
✘ Example:
✗ [student@desktopX -]$ ls -l
10
Accessing the Command Line Using the desktop
✘ What is the GNOME
✘ Workspaces:
✗ Are separate desktop screens which have different
application windows.
✘ How start terminal.
✗ Select Applications > Utilities > Terminal.
✘ Powering off or rebooting the system.
11
Executing commands using bash shell
✘ Basic command syntax
✘ Examples of simple commands
✗ Date ✘ Passwd
✗ File ✘ Head & tail
✗ Wc
12
The linux file system hierarchy
✘ All files on a Linux system are stored on file system.
✘ Files and directories are organized into single-rooted
inverted tree structure.
✘ File system begins at the root directory, represented by
alone / (forward slash) character.
✘ Names are case-sensitive
✘ Paths are delimited by /
✘ Users have the own directory. (home directory)
13
The linux file system hierarchy
14
The linux file system hierarchy
✘ /root
home directory for the administrative super user, root.
✘ /home
home directories where regular users store their personal data and
configuration files.
✘ /etc
Configuration files specific to this system.
✘ /var
Variable data specific to this system that should persist between boots
15
The linux file system hierarchy
✘ /run
runtime data for processes started since the last boot
✘ /dev
contains special device files which are used by the system to access
hardware
✘ /usr
Installed software, shared libraries, include files, and static read-only
program data.
/usr/bin: User commands.
/usr/sbin: System commands
16
Locating files by name
Absolute paths relative paths
Is a fully qualified name, Specifying only the path
beginning at the root “/” necessary to reach the file from
directory and specifying each the working directory.
subdirectory traversed to
reach and uniquely represent a
single file.
17
Linux commands
✘ Navigating paths
✗ Pwd
✗ Cd
✗ Cd ..
✗ Cd -
✗ Ls -l
✗ Ls -a
✗ Ls -R
✗ Ls -l ~
18
Managing files using command-line tools
✘ ls show files in current position
✘ cd change directory
✘ cp copy file or directory
✘ mv move file or directory
✘ rm remove file or directory
✘ pwd show current position
✘ Mkdir create directory
✘ Rmdir remove directory
✘ su switch user
✘ passwd change password
19
Managing files using command-line tools
Single source Multiple source
✗ cp file1 file2 ✗ cp file1 file2 file3 dir
✗ mv file1 file2 ✗ mv file1 file2 file3 dir
✗ rm file1 ✗ rm -f file1 file2 file3
✗ mkdir dir ✗ mkdir -p par1/par2/dir
✗ cp -r dir1 dir2 ✗ cp -r dir1 dir2 dir3 dir4
✗ mv dir1 dir2 ✗ mv dir1 dir2 dir3 dir4
✗ rm -r dir1 ✗ rm -rf dir1 dir2 dir3
