PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION 1 (RATIONALIZATION)

1. You arrive at knowledge by the re-thinking of latent ideas. From whom does this thinking come?
a. Realist c. Idealist
b. Empiricist d. Experimentalist

RATIONALIZATION:

 Realist - Realist educators encourage students to draw their observations and conclusions from the world around
them, rather than confining themselves to an analysis of their own ideas. Realism is the notion that the world
exists in terms of matter, separate from the world of ideas and independent of it. ARISTOTLE.
 Idealist – is a philosophical approach that has as its central tenet that ideas are the only true reality, the only thing
worth knowing. Many things in the world change, but ideas and knowledge are enduring. Therefore, in idealism, reality
is spiritual or mental and unchanging which means permanent. So, knowing is the rethinking of latent ideas and values
are absolute, eternal and universal.
 Empiricist – Empirists asserts that there are identifiable traits of effective teaching that can be used to improve one's
teaching experience.
 Experimentalist - Experimentalist believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the view that reality is
what works right now and that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to discover and
expand the society we live in

2. After reading and paraphrasing Robert Frost’s Stopping by the Woods on Snowy Evening, Mr. Marquez asked the
class to share any insight derived from the poem. In which domain in Bloom’s taxonomy of objectives is the term paraphrase?
a. Analysis c. Comprehension
b. Application d. Synthesis

RATIONALIZATION:

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY is a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of
complexity and specificity
 Analysis - Analysis involves examining and breaking information into component parts, determining how the parts
relate to one another, identifying motives or causes, making inferences, and finding evidence to support
generalizations.
 Comprehension- Comprehension is the correct answer because Comprehension involves demonstrating an
understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, summarizing, paraphrasing, translating, generalizing, giving
descriptions, and stating the main ideas.
 Application - Application involves using acquired knowledge to solve problems in new situations. This involves
applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules. Learners should be able to use prior knowledge to solve
problems, identify connections and relationships and how they apply in new situations.
 Synthesis- Synthesis involves building a structure or pattern from diverse elements; it also refers to the act of putting
parts together to form a whole or bringing pieces of information together to form a new meaning.

3. On what theory is the sequencing of instruction anchored?

a. B.F Skinner’s operant conditioning theory
b. Bandura’s social learning theory
c. Gagne’s hierarchical theory
d. Thorndike’s law of effect

 B.F Skinner’s operant conditioning theory –associative learning process through which the strength of a behavior is
modified by reinforcement or punishment. It is also a procedure that is used to bring about such learning. B.F. Skinner
is famous for his pioneering research in the field of learning and behavior.
 Bandura’s social learning theory – this theory suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and
why people learn. Bandura's theory goes beyond the perception of learning being the result of direct experience with
the environment.
  Gagne’s hierarchical theory – This is the correct answer because The learning hierarchy is a central idea in Gagne's
instructional design theory. According to the theory, one cannot adequately plan instruction without first identifying a
measurable learning outcome and constructing a learning hierarchy for that outcome.
 Thorndike’s law of effect - One of the first principles associated with learning and behavior was the Law of Effect, which
states that behaviors that lead to satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated, whereas behaviors that lead to
undesired outcomes are less likely to recur.

4. A common complaint of teachers about pupils is this: “You give them assignment, the following day they come without
any. You teach them this today, ask them tomorrow and they don’t know. It is as if there is nothing that you taught them at all.
“Based on the theory of information processing, what must teachers do to counteract pupil’s forgetting?
I. Punish every child who can’t give correct answers to questions.
II. Work for meaningful learning by connecting lesson to what pupils know
III. Reward every child who remembers past lessons
a. III only c. II and III
b. I and III d. II only

RATIONALIZATION:

 Statement 1: Obviously it is not the correct answer because punishing every child who can’t give the correct answers
won’t help the child or student to process information. It’s against the operant conditioning of B.F. Skinner.
 Statement 2: This statement is correct because in order for a child to easily remember and process information, it is
best to connect lessons to things that the child is familiar.
 Statement 3: This statement is also correct, because the act of giving rewards to a child who remembers past lessons
will be motivate students to do effort in order for them to receive reward.

5. When small children call all animals “dogs”, what process is illustrated, based on Piaget’s cognitive development
theory?
a. Accommodation c. Reversion
b. Conservation d. Assimilation

 Accommodation - cognitive process of revising existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding so that
new information can be incorporated. This happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs
to be changed to deal with a new object or situation.
 Reversion - a mental operation that reverses a sequence of events or restores a changed state of affairs to the original
condition. It is exemplified by the ability to realize that a glass of milk poured into a bottle can be poured back into the
glass and remain unchanged.
 Conservation - Conservation, in child development, is a logical thinking ability first studied by Swiss psychologist Jean
Piaget. In short, being able to conserve means knowing that a quantity doesn’t change if it’s been altered (by being
stretched, cut, elongated, spread out, shrunk, poured, etc).
 Assimilation- the cognitive process of fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and
understanding. Overall beliefs and understanding of the world do not change as a result of the new information. For
example, when a child saw an animal, dog for the every time, then the child will assume that the other animals are also
called dog.

6. Based on Bandura’s theory which conditions must present for a student learn from a model?
I. Attention III. Motor reproduction
II. Retention IV. Motivation

a. I and II c. I, II, III and IV

b.I, II and III d. III and IV

RATIONALIZATION:
 The 4 conditions should be present for a student from a model because. Observational learning is a major component
of Bandura’s social learning theory. And Bandura also emphasized that these four conditions were necessary in any
form of observing and modeling behavior.
  Attention - If an organism is going to learn anything from a model, he or she must be paying attention to it and the
behavior it exhibits. Many conditions can affect the observer’s attention. For instance, if the observer is sleepy, ill, or
distracted, he or she will be less likely to learn the modeled behavior and imitate it at a later date. In addition, the
characteristics of the model have an influence on the observer’s attention.
 Retention- The second requirement of observational learning is being able to remember the behavior that was
witnessed. If the human or animal does not remember the behavior, there is a less than probable chance that they will
imitate it.
 Reproduction -This requisite of behavior concerns the physical and mental ability of the individual to copy the behavior
he or she observed. For instance, a young child may observe a college basketball player dunk a ball. Later, when the
child has a basketball, he or she may attempt to dunk a ball just like the college player. However, the young child is not
nearly as physically developed as the older college player and, no matter how many times he or she tries, will not be
able to reach the basket to dunk the ball. An older child or an adult might be able to dunk the ball but likely only after
quite a bit of practice.
 Motivation- Perhaps the most important aspect of observational learning involves motivation. If the human or animal
does not have a reason for imitating the behavior, then no amount of attention, retention, or reproduction will overcome
the lack of motivation.
 Bandura proposed that modeling or learning is composed of four mediational processes or conditions that must be met
(Horsburgh & Ippolito, 2018; Nabavi, 2012):

Other meaning:
 Attention
We must pay attention to the model. Our attention increases when behavior is more striking, different, or prestigious, and when the
model is more similar to ourselves.
 Retention
We must be able to remember the observed behavior; this can be increased through rehearsal.
 Reproduction
We must be capable of replicating the behavior just observed. Note that a novice may not be developmentally ready to reproduce
the action.
 Motivation
We must be motivated to demonstrate what we have learned. This can be influenced by both reinforcement and punishment.

7. Two identical beakers A and B are presented to the child. Teachers pours the liquid from B to C which is taller and
thinner than A and B but has equal capacity with B. Teacher asks if the beakers A and C have the same amount of liquid. The
child says “NO” and points to C as the beaker that has more liquid. In which cognitive developmental stage is the child?
a. Concrete operational
b. Pre-operational stage
c. Sensorimotor stage
d. Formal ]operational stage

 Concrete operational - The concrete operational stage is the third stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
This period lasts around seven to eleven years of age, and is characterized by the development of organized and
rational thinking. Concrete stage is the major turning point in the child's cognitive development, because it marks the
beginning of logical or operational thought. The child is now mature enough to use logical thought or operations (i.e.
rules) but can only apply logic to physical objects (hence concrete operational).
 Pre-operational stage – This is the correct answer because during this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic play
and learn to manipulate symbols. However, Piaget noted that they do not yet understand concrete logic. During the
preoperational stage, children also become increasingly adept at using symbols, as evidenced by the increase in
playing and pretending. For example, a child is able to use an object to represent something else, such as pretending
a broom is a horse. So, in this problem the child cannot determine that Beaker A, B and C have the same volume of
water. The child is just looking at the appearance of Beaker C that is taller and thinner than Beaker A and C.
 Sensorimotor stage- The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of your child’s life, according to Jean Piaget’s theory of
child development. It begins at birth and lasts through age 2. During this period, your little one learns about the world
by using their senses to interact with their surroundings. They touch things, lick them, bang them together (with joy, we
might add), and put them into their mouths. They also begin to develop fine motor skills. Learning at this stage in life
happens through experience — a wonderful and fun thing to watch.
  Formal operational stage - The formal operational stage is characterized by the ability to formulate hypotheses and
systematically test them to arrive at an answer to a problem. The individual in the formal stage is also able to think
abstractly and to understand the form or structure of a mathematical problem. Another characteristic of the individual is
their ability to reason contrary to fact. That is, if they are given a statement and asked to use it as the basis of an
argument they are capable of accomplishing the task. For example, they can deal with the statement "what would
happen if snow were black".

8. According to Tolman’s theory on purposive behaviorism, learning is goal-directed. What is its implication to teaching?
a. Set as many objectives as you can
b. Stick to your objectives/s ]no matter what happens
c. Evaluate lessons based on your objective/s
d. Make the objective/s of your lesson clear and specific

RATIONALIZATION:
 Set as many objectives as you can – this is can be but it should be at the end of the lesson we need to assess or
evaluate if the goals were met. In purposive behaviorism, there’s a specific goal, it doesn’t need to have many goals.
 Stick to your objectives/s no matter what happens – this cannot also be an implications to tolman’s purposive
behaviorism because the purposive behaviorism is more on evaluating or assessing the goals.
 Evaluate lessons based on your objective/s – this is the correct answer because when we say goal-directed it means
that we are particular on assessing if the objectives are met after the lesson was discussed. By evaluating lessons
based on your objectives you are striving towards your goal. You can also self regulate to see if you are meeting or not
the goal.
 Make the objective/s of your lesson clear and specific – making objectives of your lesson clear and specific is not an
implication of tolman’s purposive behaviorism.

9. You arrange the rows of blocks in such a way that a row of 5 blocks is longer than a row of 7 blocks. If you ask which
row has more, Grade 1 pupils will say that it is the row that makes the longer line. Based on Piaget’s cognitive development
theory, what problem is illustrated?
a. Conservation problem
b. Assimilation problem
c. Accommodation problem
d. Egocentrism problem

 Conservation problem – this is the correct answer if we talk about conservation, it is being able to conserve means
knowing that a quantity doesn’t change if it’s been altered (by being stretched, cut, elongated, spread out, shrunk,
poured, etc). The situation illustrated that the students have conservation problem.
 Assimilation problem – this is not the correct answer because assimilation is about the cognitive process of fitting new
information into existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding. The situation given does not show an
assimilation problem.
 Accommodation problem – this not also the correct answer because when we talk about accommodation, it is the
cognitive process of revising existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding so that new information can
be incorporated. This happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal
with a new object or situation. So it doesn’t show that the pupils have accommodation problem.
 Egocentrism problem – this choice is not also the correct answer because when we say egocentrism it is the inability to
understand that another person's view or opinion may be different than their own. The situation given doesn’t also
show that there is an egocentrism problem.

10. Which characterizes a constructivist teaching-learning process?

a. Multiple perspectives
b. Authentic assessment
c. Conceptual interrelatedness
d. Passive acceptance of information

RATIONALIZATION:
  Multiple perspectives -
 Authentic assessment - Constructivist approach to assessment is a formative. Formative assessment happens during
learning, usually in the classroom. Students do something, like an assignment, and get immediate feedback on what
they did. Authentic assessments are assignments that are or mimic real-world problems, and require students to apply
the stuff they should have learned to solving them
 Conceptual interrelatedness – this is the correct answer because this choice is stated in the characteristics of
constructivist learning. Because in constructivism, the Knowledge complexity is reflected in an emphasis on conceptual
interrelatedness. Where in in this process the teacher Is being holistic and integrative.
 Passive acceptance of information – it is not the correct answer because constructivist learning is not the passive
acceptance of knowledge which exists "out there" but that learning involves the learner s engaging with the world.

11. To determine her students’ level of moral development, teacher E presents to her class a morally ambiguous situation
and ask them what they would do in such a situation. On whose theory is Teacher E’s technique based?
a. Bruner c. Freud
b. Piaget d. Kohlberg

RATIONALIZATION:
 Bruner – it is not the correct answer because Jerome Seymour Bruner is a well-known psychologist who has made
immensely meaningful contributions to cognitive learning theory and human cognitive psychology in the field of
educational psychology. He proposed children's cognitive development proposed three 'modes of representation':
Enactive representation (based on action) Iconic representation (based on images) Symbolic representation (based on
language)
 Freud – Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality development, which argued that
personality is formed through conflicts among three fundamental structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and
superego
 Piaget - Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist and genetic epistemologist. He is most famously known for his
theory of cognitive development that looked at how children develop intellectually throughout the course of childhood.

 Kohlberg – this is the correct answer because the proponent of the theory of moral development is Lawrence Kohlberg.
His theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning.
Kohlberg's theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. The theory also suggests that
moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.

12. A research conducted by Nicholls showed that underachievers in school more of boys than girls. What could be one
reason?
a. Generally, girls are by nature more intelligent than boys
b. Boys get more easily discouraged than girls
c. As a whole, boys are endowed with less intelligence than girls
d. Generally, girls are more diligent than boys

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Generally, girls are by nature more intelligent than boys – it does not show the result of the research that boys are
under achievers than girls. There is no specific study that says that girls by nature are intelligent than boys.
b. Boys get more easily discouraged than girls – this choice could not also be the reason why the result of the study says
that boys are underachievers than girls.
c. As a whole, boys are endowed with less intelligence than girls – it is also not a possible reason why the boys are
underachievers than boys.
d. Generally, girls are more diligent than boys – this is the correct answer correct answer because girls plan ahead, set
academic goals, and put effort into achieving those goals.

13. The increase in the number of school children left by OFW parents intensifies the teachers’ role as _____.
a. Guidance counselors
b. Facilitators of learning
 c. Substitute parents
d. Students’ friends

RATIONALIZATION
 Guidance counselors – This is not the correct answer because as guidance counselors they to assist and advise
students about academic and personal decisions. They provide private counseling to students, assess the ability and
potential in students, and coordinate with fellow professionals on student matters. the students will not be comfortable
if that will be the approach of the teacher to the students.
 Facilitators of learning –this is not the answer because the teacher is already doing as a facilitator of learning already.
 Substitute parents – the teacher will never be a substitute to the students’ parents however they will be the second
parents.
 Students’ friends – this is the correct answer, in that kind of situation, the students need friends in order for them to feel
they have company. They will also be comfortable.

Other answer:
Dati sa test, SUBSTITUTE PARENTS is the answer, which is also correct because teachers are our second parents. Since the
question, talks about the parents that are leaving, therefore the teachers have the role to act as the substitute parents or
the second parents to the learners. (ANG MGA GURO AY ATING PANGALAWANG MAGULANG)

14. Lecturer C narrates: “I observe that when there is an English-speaking foreigner in class more often than not, his
classmates perceive him to be superior. “To which Filipino trait does this point?
a. Friendliness
b. Colonial mentality
c. Hospitality
d. Lack of confidence

RATIONALIZATION:

 Friendliness – this is not the right answer because friendliness is the quality of a person to be friendly and pleasant
towards anyone is understood as friendliness. In other words, you may also define friendliness as a skill that enables
one to be approachable and treat everyone like a friend the natural warmth and respect.
 Colonial mentality – this trait not the correct answer because when we say Colonial mentality it is defined as the
perception of ethnic and cultural inferiority and a form of internalized racial oppression
 Hospitality – this is also not the correct answer because when we say Hospitality it is the relationship between a guest
and a host, wherein the host receives the guest with some amount of goodwill, including the reception and
entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.
 Lack of confidence - this is the correct answer because the situation shows that there is a lack of confidence every time
there is an English- speaking foreigner speaking. Low self-confidence might make you feel full of self-doubt, be passive
or submissive, or have difficulty trusting others. You may feel inferior, unloved, or be sensitive to criticism.

15. What do the school campus expressions “promdi” and “barriotic” indicate?
a. The power of the rich
b. The prevalence of ethnocentrism
c. The powerlessness of the poor
d. Low literacy rate of the country

RATIONALIZATION:
 The power of the rich – those words does not indicate the power of rich. Because the power of rich talks about the
privileges of the influential people.
 The prevalence of ethnocentrism – this is the correct answer because barriotic and promdi are words that defines rural
areas. When we say, ethnocentrism it is evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the
standards and customs of one's own culture. (Kumbaga, gijudge nimo ang isa ka culture for example, Cebuano ka
tapos gijiudge nimo ang mga B’laan) because you are thinking that you culture is superior to others.
 The powerlessness of the poor – it is not the right answer because even if you are from the rural areas or province it
doesn’t mean you are a powerless poor individual.
  Low literacy rate of the country – it is not the right answer also because the meaning of the words doesn’t reflect in the
low literacy of the country

16. Complete the analogy: Spartan education: Military training

Athenian education : ____
a. Religious training
b. Training of mind and body
c. Intellectual training
d. Vocational training

RATIONALIZATION:
 Religious training - this is not the right answer because the Athenian education focuses on mental and physical
training.
 Training of mind and body – this is the correct answer because the education in Athens aims to cultivate students’
mental and physical qualities.
 Intellectual training – this is also not the correct answer because intellectual training is the focus of Athenian education.
 Vocational training – this is not also the correct answer because Athenian education focuses on the training of mind
and body which means the training in skills and teaching of knowledge related to a specific trade, occupation or
vocational

17. Which did the Americans teach the Filipinos which the Spaniards did NOT?
a. Their government
b. Their art –
c. Their language
d. Their religion

RATIONALIZATION:
 Their government – this is not the correct answer because the Spaniards established a centralized colonial
government in the Philippines that was composed of a national government and the local governments that
administered provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities.
 Their art - this is not the correct answer because the Spanish friars introduced Western painting in the Philippines to
artisans who learned to copy on two-dimensional form from the religious icons that the friars brought from Spain. And
the American Colonization brought high influence to the major Filipino art forms: paintings, sculptures and architecture.
 Their language –This is the correct answer because only Americans teach Filipinos about their language. The Spanish
language itself was never sufficiently established as a lingua franca. This was because. It was limited to the educated
minority in the Philippines, and generally not taught to the masses.
 Their religion - The biggest incorrect answer because only the Americans teach their language to the Filipinos because
the Spaniards still seen to this day is religion. The majority of religion practiced in the Philippines is still Roman
Catholic, at 79.5%. the protestants denominations were established by the Americans and still they are existing today
here in the Philippines.

18. Were teachers in the Philippines required of a professional license since the establishment of the Philippine education
system?
a. No, it was only with the effectivity of R.A 7836 that a professional license was required
b. Yes, except for the Thomasites
c. No, but the equivalent of a license required was a certificate in teaching
d. Yes, it was required since the Americans established the educational system in the country

RATIONALIZATION:

 No, it was only with the effectivity of R.A 7836 that a professional license was required – there are still schools in the
Philippines that let the teachers teach without having professional license. Also, R.A 7836 (also known as Philippine
Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994) mandates the conduct of the Licensure Examination for Teachers of LET.
Enacted in recognition for the "role of teachers in nation-building and development through a responsible and literate
citizenry.
  Yes, except for the Thomasites – this is not the correct answer also the correct answer even if you are not a
thomasites teacher you can still teach.
 No, but the equivalent of a license required was a certificate in teaching – this is the correct answer because even if
you are not a professional teacher but already finished your bachelor’s degree in teaching you can already teach in
schools particularly in private schools.
 Yes, it was required since the Americans established the educational system in the country – this is not the correct
answer because during that time even if you are not a license professional teacher you can still teach.

19. For greater efficiency and effectiveness, the Philippine educational system is trifocalized. What is a proof ?.
a. The linkage of the Teacher Education Council, Technical Panel for Teacher Education and Professional
Regulation Commission for teacher education concerns
b. The presence of DepEd for basic education, CHED for higher education and TESDA for vocational education
c. The linkage of DepEd, CHED and PRC for teachers’ professionalization
d. The existence of a Bureau of Elementary Education, Bureau of Secondary Education and Bureau of Alternative
Learning Systems

RATIONALIZATION:

 The linkage of the Teacher Education Council, Technical Panel for Teacher Education and Professional Regulation
Commission for teacher education concerns – this is not the correct answer because, under a so-called “trifocalization”
approach, the Department of Education (DepEd), the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd), and, the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) comprise the government's education bureaucracy.
 The presence of DepEd for basic education, CHED for higher education and TESDA for vocational education – this is
the correct answer because trifocalization of education pertains to assigning three different agencies to oversee major
educational systems: DepEd for basic education, CHED for higher education and the TESDA for technical and
vocational education training
 The linkage of DepEd, CHED and PRC for teachers’ professionalization – this is also not the correct answer because
under the trifocalization, the three combined agencies are Deped, CHED and TESDA.
 The existence of a Bureau of Elementary Education, Bureau of Secondary - Education and Bureau of Alternative
Learning Systems – this is also not the correct answer because to protect and promote the right of every Filipino to
quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education, our educational system is trifocalized consisting of
DEPED, CHED and TESDA.

20. When all other requirements are met, when should religion be taught in public schools, as provided for in the
Constitution?
a. Outside regular class hours
b. Once a week at lunch break
c. Once a week after class hours
d. Within the regular class hours

RATIONALIZATION:

 Outside regular class hours – this is not the correct answer because what’s stated in the “Act To Rationalize The
Teaching of Religion In The Public Schools”. It should be within the regular class hours.

 Once a week at lunch break - this is not the correct answer because what’s stated in the “Act To Rationalize The
Teaching of Religion In The Public Schools”. It should be within the regular class hours.

 Once a week after class hours - this is not the correct answer because what’s stated in the “Act To Rationalize The
Teaching of Religion In The Public Schools”. It should be within the regular class hours.

 Within the regular class hours – this is the correct answer because according to “Act To Rationalize The Teaching of
Religion In The Public Schools”. SEC. 8: Size and Schedule of Religious Classes - The religious instruction shall be
taught during regular class hours only and not before or after class time, or during recess time. In fact, in the Article 14
 – entitled- EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS, Section 3, paragraph 3
stated that religion shall be allowed to be taught to their children or wards in public elementary and high schools within
the regular class hours by instructors designated or approved by the religious authorities of the religion.

21. With R.A 9155, to which body were all the functions, programs, and activities of the Department of Education related to
Sports competition transferred?
a. Philippine Sports Commission
b. National Commission for Culture and the Arts
c. Technical Education Services Department Authority
d. Commission on Higher Education

RATIONALIZATION:

 Philippine Sports Commission- this is the correct answer because it is stated in the R.A 9155 Section 9 that all
functions, programs and activities of the Department of Education related to sports competition shall be transferred to
the Philippine Sports Commission
 National Commission for Culture and the Arts – this is not the correct answer because The National Commission for
Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is the one that formulates and implements policies and plans that will conserve and
promote the nation's historical and cultural heritage.
 Technical Education Services Department Authority -this is not the correct answer because TESDA provides direction,
policies, programs and standards towards quality technical education and skills development
 Commission on Higher Education – not the correct answer because The Commission on Higher Education is a
Philippine government agency attached to the Office of the President of the Philippines for administrative purposes. It
covers both public and private higher education institutions as well as degree-granting programs in all post-secondary
educational institutions in the country.

22. Which according to RA 9155 is considered the “heart of the formal education system”?
a. The pupil c. The classroom
b. The teacher d. The school

RATIONALIZATION:

 RA 9155 also known as the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 stated in Section 2. Declaration of Policy that,
“the school shall be the heart of the formal education system. It is where children learn. Schools shall have a single aim
of providing the best possible education for all learners.” This means that letter d is the correct answer.

23. According to RA 9155, a school head has two roles, namely administrative manager and ____.
a. Guidance counselor
b. Instructional leader
c. Health officer
d. Facilitator

RATIONALIZATION:

 RA 9155 also known as the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 stated in Section 7. Powers, Duties and
Function that, the school head who may be assisted by an assistant school head, shall be both an instructional leader
and administrative manager. The school head shall form a team with the school teachers/learning facilitators for
delivery of quality educational programs projects and services. A core of non-teaching staff shall handle the school’s
administrative, fiscal and auxilliary services. This means that letter b is the correct answer.

24. Parenting style influences children’s development. Read the following parent’s remarks for their children then, answer the
question.
Parent C – Tells her child: “You should do it my way or else. There is no discussion.”
Parent D – Tells her husband: “It is 10:00 p.m. do you know where your child is ? “
Parent E – Tells her child” “You know, you should have not done that. Let’s talk about
 It so you can handle the situation better next time.”
Parent F – tells her child: “You may do what you want. We will always be here for you, no matter what you do.”

WHICH PARENTING STYLE IS AUTHORITARIAN?

a. D b. F c. E d. C

RATIONALIZATION:
a. This is not the correct answer since parent D seems like a non-strict parent because she lets her child go out until 10
pm. Authoritarian parents tend to be more strict towards their child.
b. This is also not the correct answer because parent F is very supportive and lets her child decide what he wants to do.
Parent F is not controlling her child.
c. This is also not th correct answer because Parent E is promoting a healthy conversation. Authoritarian parents tend to
be one sided when talking to their child.
d. This one is the correct answer since parent C is very one sided and does not take into consideration what her child
feels. There is no discussion and it shows the authoritarian side of the parent.

25. To help a student learn to the optimum, Vygotsky advises us to bridge the student’s present skill level and the desired skill
level by ______.
a. Challenging c. Inspiting
b. Scaffolding d. Motivating

RATIONALIZATION:
 This item is pretty straightforward because if we mention Vygotsky, we already know that his theory is Sociocultural
Theory which is all about scaffolding and it focuses on the student’s ability to learn information through the help of a
more knowledgeable other.

26. It is good to give students and creative learning tasks because ______.
a. The development of individuals is unique
b. Development is the individual’s choice
c. Development is aided by stimulation
d. Development is affected by cultural changes

RATIONALIZATION:

a. This is incorrect because there is what we call multiple intelligences meaning that, not all students are the
same. By giving them creative learning tasks, they are able to come up with unique approaches when doing
their tasks thus developing the uniqueness of each of the students.
b. This is wrong because not all students want to really learn and develop and this is not what the creative
learning tasks aims to do.
c. This is correct, because giving good activities and creative learning tasks help the students to develop. Due
to the reason that when we say stimulation means animate or scenarios where the learner is placed in a
"world" defined by the teacher. They represent a reality within which students interact. Wherein, the students
experience the reality of the scenario and gather meaning from it out from the learning tasks of the teacher.
d. This is also wrong because creative learning tasks have nothing to do with cultural changes. It is much better
if a student show their culture when making creative learning task to further assert their individuality.

27. According to Havinghurt’s development tasks, reaching and maintaining satisfactory performance in one’s occupational
career is supposed to have been attained during ____.
a. Middle age
b. Middle age and early adulthood
c. Old age
d. Early adulthood

RATIONALIZATION:
 a. this answer is correct because middle age ranges from 30-60 years old and this is usually the stage where a
person is already satisfied with his occupational career and this is also where a person wants to settle down
and start his own family.
b. This one is wrong for me because letter b included early adulthood which starts from 19-30 years old. This
stage is the beginning of the occupational career of a person and this is too early for him to settle down since
this is the time that he will earn money and have fun with his life.
c. This one is also wrong because old age is a stage where a person adjusts to life after work and prepares
himself for death.
d. For this one, i already mentioned the reason why early adulthood is not the correct answer in letter b.

28. Arielle, a Grade I pupil is asked, “Why do you pray everyday?” Arielle answered, Mommy said so, “Based on Kohlberg’s
theory, in which moral development stage is Arielle?
a. Conventional level
b. In between conventional and post-conventional levels
c. In between pre-and-post-conventional levels
d. Pre-convention level

RATIONALIZATION:

a. this answer is wrong because conventional level is all about the interpersonal accord and conformity
(stealing is bad because all people in the society knows that) and social order maintaining orientation (i am
afraid that i will go to prison because the law says that my action is wrong).
b. this answer is also wrong because the level between conventional and post conventional is already a higher
level of morality than the one being asked in the question above.
c. this answer is also wrong because if we say “between pre and post conventional levels”, we are already
talking about the conventional level and i already said earlier that it is wrong.
d. so the correct answer would be letter d because level 1 stage 1 of the pre conventional level is about
obedience and punishment orientation. The girl prays only because her mommy said so and this is clearly an
act of obedience. The girl doesn’t even know the reason why she prays and what is its importance.

29. Teacher F tells his students: “You must be honest at all times not only because you are afraid of the punishment but more
because you yourselves are convinced of the value of honesty.” Based on Kohlberg’s theory, which level of moral development
does Teacher F want his students to reach?
a. Between conventional and post-conventional levels
b. Conventional level
c. Between pre-conventional and post-conventional levels
d. Post-conventional level

RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is wrong because it is really vague and i am looking for a more concrete answer.
b. this is also wrong because even though honesty is a social norm which is included level 2 stage 2 in the
conventional level, we can still not say that a person would really uphold this. Every person knows that
honesty is the best policy but not every people upholds it.
c. this is also wrong because when we say “between pre and post conventional levels”, we are already talking
about the conventional level and i already said earlier that it is wrong.
d. this is the correct answer because being honest all the time is a hard thing to do. There will be times that you
disregard honesty because of self interests. But to remain being honest even though the situation is
unfavorable towards you is really at the highest level which is the post conventional level. This is where
individuals develop their internal moral principles which is “to remain honest even when others are not”.

30. Why is babyhood referred to as a “critical period” in personality development? Because _____.
a. At this time the baby is exposed to many physical and psychological hazards
b. At this time the foundations are laid upon which the adult personality structure will be built
c. Changes [in the personality pattern take place
d. The brain grows and develops at such an accelerated rate during babyhood
RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is wrong because physical and psychological hazards are not only present during babyhood. They are
present all through out a human’s lifetime.
b. this is the correct answer because babyhood is the start of building personality. A baby is a blank slate and
this is where his personality is being created. We all know that because adults already has a fix personality
and it will be very difficult to change them.
c. this letter is wrong because only during babyhood is personality being built. Changing ones personality
pattern usually take place during the later stages.
d. this is also wrong because brain growth is constant and it does not dictate how your personality will become.

31. Student D says: “I have to go to school on time. This is what the rule says.” In what level of moral development is Student D?
a. Postconventional
b. Conventional
c. Preconventional
d. Cannot be specifically determined

RATIONALIZATION:

a. this is wrong because postconventional level talks about social contract orientation and universal principles.
This level often disregards what the so called “rules or law” says.
b. this is the correct answer because the statement in the question aligns with level 2 stage 4 of the
conventional level which is all about authority and social-order maintaining orientation like (i need to follow
the rules). Going to school on time is one of the rules of the school and it became the reason for the action of
the student.
c. this is wrong because preconventional level is too shallow and only talks about obedience and punishment
and self-interest orientation.
d. this is also wrong because all actions have it’s level of morality and it can always be specifically determined.

32. Which is the ideal stage of moral development? Stage of _____ .

a. Universal ethical principle
b. Law and order
c. Social contract
d. Good boy/good girl

RATIONALIZATION:

a. this is the correct answer because universal ethical principle is the highest and final stage of Kohlberg’s
stages of moral development.
b. this is wrong because law and order is only at the conventional level.
c. this is also wrong because even though it is in the post-conventional level, it is still not the final stage of
morality.
d. this is also wrong because it is also found only on the conventional level.

33. “Do not cheat. Cheating does not pray. If you do, you cheat your self” says the voiceless voice from within you. “In the
context of Freud’s theory, which is/are at work?
a. Id c. Ego
b. Id and Superego d. Superego

RATIONALIZATION:

a. this is wrong because when we say id, it is the primitive and instinctive component of personality. A person will
definitely cheat because of Id.
b. this is also wrong because id and superego are two different things.
c. this is wrong because the ego is the one who decides whether a person will cheat or not. It is the mediator between id
and superego.
 d. this is the correct answer because the superego incorporates the values and morals of society. Superego is purely
good, that provides guidelines for making judgments, that’s why you refrain from cheating because being honest is
good.

34. Based on Piaget’s theory, what should a teacher provide in the formal operational stage?
a. Games and other physical activities to develop motor skills
b. Activities for hypothesis formulation
c. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with
d. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and ordering

RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is wrong because games and other physical activities to develop motor skills must be given during the
preoperational stage.
b. this is the correct answer because the formal operational stage is characterized by the ability to formulate
hypotheses and systematically test them to arrive at an answer to a problem. The individual in the formal
stage is also able to think abstractly and to understand the form or structure of a mathematical problem
c. this is wrong because stimulating environment with ample objects to play with is provided during the
sensorimotor stage.
d. this is also wrong because learning activities that involve problems of classification and ordering must be
provided is during the concrete operational stage.

35. Ruth’s family had a family picture when she was not yet born. Unable to see herself in the family picture, she cried despite
her mother’s explanation that she was not yet born when the family picture was taken. What does Ruth’s behavior show?
a. Limited social cognition
b. Semi-logical reasoning
c. Rigidity of thought
d. Egocentrism

RATIONALIZATION:
 A. LIMITED SOCIAL COGNITION – refers to the limitation of information that stored.
 B. SEMI-LOGICAL REASONING - They get the general idea. Refers to the tendency of the child to only focus on one
aspect of a thing or event and exclude other aspects,
 C. RIGIDITY OF THOUGHT - refers to the person’s inability to appreciate other people’s viewpoint for they focus on
one aspect of an object
 D. EGOCENTRISM - refers to the tendency of young children not to be able to take the perspective of others, and
instead the child thinks that everyone sees, thinks, and feels just as they do. This is what Ruth’s behavior is, she only
thinks of herself and that’s why she cried when she was unable to see herself in the family picture.

36. Here are comments from school head C regarding her observations on teacher’s practice in lesson planning:
The words “identify”, tell” “enumerate” are overused:
Many times they make use of non-behavioral terms.
Often their lesson objectives do not include value formation and inculcation
What can be inferred from the School Head’s comments regarding teacher formulated lesson objectives?
a. Very often lesson objectives are in the cognitive domain
b. Often lesson objectives are in the low level
c. Quite often lesson objectives describe teacher’s behavior
d. Often lesson objectives are in the psychomotor domain

RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is the correct answer because the words “identify, tell and enumerate” all falls within the cognitive
domain and the school head wanted to also include the affective and psychomotor domain.
b. this is wrong because even though the words identify, tell and enumerate are really low level objectives, the
school head has also commented about value formation and inculcation.
c. this is also wrong because crafting lesson objectives have nothing to do with the teacher’s behavior. The
teacher is making objectives based on the lesson the he has.
 d. this is also wrong because the psychomotor domain deals with manual and physical skills. Words like
identify, tell and enumerate clearly falls in the cognitve domain.

37. In planning for instruction, can a teacher begin with assessment?

a. Yes, determine entry knowledge or skill.
b. Yes, to make the class pay attention
c. No, assessment is only at the end of a lesson
d. No, it may discourage and scare the learners

RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is the correct answer, it is also refer to pre-test because we have this type of assessment called
formative assessment which is given before the start of a lesson and it determines the entry knowledge or
skills of a student.
b. this is wrong because if a teacher wants to make the class pay attention, she must exercise the use of drill
and motivation in the class to make them interested in his lesson.
c. this is also wrong because assessment can be done before and after a lesson. Formative and summative
tests.
d. this is also wrong because formative tests are non-graded tests. It will never discourage and scare the
learner.

38. With this specific objective, to reduce fractions to their lowest terms, this is how the teacher developed the lesson.
Step 1 – Teacher stated the rule on how to reduce fractions to their lowest term

Step 2 – Teacher wrote 2, 3,4,5, 6

4 6 8 10 12
showed how to reduce them to 1
2
Step 3 – Teacher wrote 3, 6, 4 and showed how
9 9 12
to reduce them to their lowest term
Step 4 – Teacher gave this written exercise to the class

Reduce the following fractions to their lowest terms: 3 , 7 , 5 , 8 , 5 , 4

12 14 10 16 15 6
DID THE LESSON BEGIN WITH CONCRETE EXPERIENCE THEN DEVELOPED INTO THE ABSTRACT?
a. No
b. Yes, the pupils were involved in arriving at the rule on reducing fractions to their lowest terms
c. Yes, a little
d. Yes, by way of the examples given by teacher

RATIONALIZATION:
 The correct answer would be letter a. The teacher did not begin the lesson with concrete experience then develop into
abstract. She immediately stated the rules on how to reduce the fractions to their lowest term and this is supposed to
be the abstract part of the lesson.

39. I intended to inculcate in my students the value of order and cleanliness. I begin my lesson by asking then to share their
experiences about the dirtiest and the cleanest place they have seen and how they felt about them. From there I lead them to the
consequences of dirty and clean home of surroundings. In my lesson development plan, how do I proceed?
a. Tranductively c. Deductively
b. inductively d. Concretely

Explanation:
 a. this is wrong because being transductive is a common behavior found in children in the preoperational stage according
to Piaget. Example of this is when the child says that, it is windy outside because someone is blowing very hard.
b. this is the correct answer because inductive reasoning starts from an observation which classified as specific then
generalization then finally theory. Observation is when the class was asked to recall the dirtiest and cleanest places
that they have observed and experienced. Then it was further generalized by the teacher and then theorized what kind
of consequences students would face of their homes are clean or dirty.
c. this is wrong because deductive reasoning starts with the lesson as a whole then dissecting it piece by piece. Example
of this is, “it is cold in the north pole, why is that?” The students will try answering this by giving different kinds of
evidences like, there is little sunlight, or it is far from the equator, etc. Until they get to the right answer on why the north
pole is cold.
d. .this is also wrong because the teacher did not show concrete examples of a clean and dirty place.

40. Which is closest to the real human digestive system for study in the classroom?
a. Model of the human [digestive system
b. Drawing of the human digestive system ]on the board
c. The human digestive system projected on an OHP
d. Drawing of the human digestive system on a page of a textbook

RATIONALIZATION:
a. This is correct because a model of the human digestive system is easily observable and it sometimes even has
movable parts that students can hold and take their time to describe each parts. Furthermore, models are useful tools
in learning science which can be used to improve explanations, generate discussion, make predictions, provide visual
representations of abstract concepts and generate mental models.
b. this is wrong because a drawing of the human digestive system is not interactive. Students cannot touch the parts and
it is very hard to examine.
c. this is also wrong because even though students can clearly see the human digestive system on an OHP, they still
cannot interact with it.
d. this is also wrong because a drawing on a textbook is also not interactive.

41. Which objective [in the affective domain is in the highest level?
a. To relinguish membership in a gang
b. To resist alcoholism
c. To approve of rules agreed upon
d. To listen to the narration of identified models

RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is the correct answer because the word relinguish is included in the characterization by value which is
the highest level of krathwohl and bloom’s affective domain.
b. this is wrong because to resist is only found in the responding level and it is not the highest level in the
affective domain.
c. this is also wrong because to approve is only found in the receiving level and it is the lowest level in the
affective domain.
d. this is also wrong because i also think that to listen is found in the receiving level and it is the lowest level in
the affective domain.

42. If you plan to develop a lesson on using s – verb forms with the third person singular as subject deductively, what is the first
step in your lesson development outline?
a. State the rule on subject-verb agreement for third person singular as subject
b. Conduct appropriate sentence drill
c. Ask the students what they know about s-verb form and third person singular as subject
d. Give sentences using s-verb form

RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is the correct answer because deductive reasoning must start with the lesson as a whole and that is
through stating the rule on subject verb agreement for third person singular as subject first. Then after that,
 the teacher will give examples piece by piece until the students are able to learn. When we say, deductive it
starts from general to specific.
b. this is wrong because conducting appropriate sentence drill is inductive. Being inductive means that you
administer the lessons piece by piece or clues by clues, until you arrive to a conclusion then create your
generalization.
c. this is also wrong because asking students about the lesson is also inductive.
d. this is also wrong because asking students to give sentences using s-verb form is also inductive.

43. Based on Harrow’s taxonomy of objectives in then psychomotor domain, under which level does this particular objective fall:
AT THE END OF THE SEMESTER, STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO WRITE ROUTINELY ALL THE LETTERS OF THE
ALPHABET AND ALL THE NUMBERS UP TO 100 EACH TIME REQUESTED
a. Naturalization c. Responding
b. Precision d. Organization

RATIONALIZATION:
a. this is the correct answer because naturalization means that two or more skills are being performed with ease.
The performance is also automatic with little physical or mental exertion. The objective says that students
must be able to perform it routinely each time requested. It means that they must do it naturally with little effort
and that’s why naturalization is the answer.
b. this is wrong because precision is the ability to perform actions with expertise and i think that writing letters
and numbers are must be more automatic and natural.

 For letters c and d, i think responding and organization are found in the affective domain. The question is pertaining to
the psychomotor domain and that’s why i think that letters c and d are excluded from the group.

44. Which is/are an example/s of a process objective?

a. With the help of labeled drawing of a leaf and a given leaf, the student must be able to name 5 parts of the leaf
correctly
b. After watching the slides on abortion, the students must be able to cite the reason given by the anti-life camp to justify
abortion.
c. Given a pictograph on Philippine population in the year 1999, the student must be able to draw inferences on trend of
population growth for the next ten years.
d.B & C

RATIONALIZATION:
Process objective- measure the activities themselves- they focus on the steps (or process) implemented to achieve the
program goal.

Given from the definition of process objective choices A and C clearly don’t fall in line with it. A and C is more likely in
line with outcome objective because both focuses on the students learning outcome than the process of the activity.
Letter B has more emphasis of how the given instruction will help students accomplished the specific learning
outcome, while the remaining choices appears to me like the instructions are broad.

45. For a well managed classroom, is it wise to establish classroom routine?

a. No, it makes you think less
b. No, it makes robots out of the students
c. Yes, it saves you a lot time
d. Yes, you pass on some of your work to your students.

RATIONALIZATION:
a. No, it doesn’t make you think less in fact classroom routine itself gives a lot of thinking, from how to plan and
organized it to how you will established such routine.

b. it doesn’t make the students think like a robot instead classroom routine would make students more disciplined and
organized.
 c. indeed, Routines allow students to quickly accomplish day-to-day tasks that are required of both the teacher and
students. Routines also help to create smoother transitions between activities and therefore allow fewer opportunities
for disruptions to occur (Burden, 2003; Docking, 2002). The purpose of defining and teaching classroom routines is to
reduce disruptive behavior, therefore maximizing the time spent on instruction.

d. classroom benefits both teacher and student. it is not design to take advantage of someone other than time.

46. Which practice helps the teacher maximize time for instruction?
a. Minimize discipline time
b. Employ a reactive approach to discipline
c. Maximize discipline time
d. Avoid classroom routine

RATIONALIZATION:

a. minimizing discipline time would mean that the teacher less value time for instruction, thus the teacher also do not
value the time of her students.

b. reactive approach is based on responding to events after they have happened, then there is a possibility that time
would be wasted when we can plan ahead.

c. By maximizing discipline time the teacher would be more wise in managing her time, thus it means that learning
would be more effective and meaningful because the
instruction would not contain unnecessary things that are no need to include.

d.. avoiding classroom routine would lead to unorganized classroom environment thus time would be more wasted.

47. Teacher S has difficulty drawing response from her class no matter how much she motivates them to recite. The class was a
witness to how she insulted a classmate who gave a wrong answer the other day. This phenomenon points to the reality of
__________.
a. “pygmation effect” c. “ripple effect”
b.“class size effect” d. “response effect”

RATIONALIZATION:
a. pygmation effect- a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given
area.

b. Class size has an effect on the ability to retain effective teachers because those with large classes are more likely to
seek other positions.

c. Ripple effect- the continuing and spreading results of an event or action. This is the correct answer because
supposedly the insult was indicated only for that one particular student, but the entire class was affected as if the insult
was a disease spreading rapidly to all the student’s in that class.

d. response effect- the influence of some attribute of the measurement scale or administration context on a
participant's answers to survey or interview items.

48. Higher-level thinking is best accomplished by the use of _______questions.

a. Suggestive c. Rhetorical
b. Divergent d. Convergent

RATIONALIZATION:
a. Suggestive question- is a question phrased to suggest that a certain answer must be given a response. They are
used to seek agreement when agreement is assumed.
 b. A divergent question is a question with no specific answer, but rather exercises one's ability to think broadly about a
certain topic.

c. A rhetorical question is one for which the questioner does not expect a direct answer: in many cases it may be
intended to start a discourse, or as a means of displaying or emphasize the speaker's or author's opinion on a topic.

d. Convergent questions are those that typically have one correct answer.

Higher-order questions are often more open-ended. Open-ended or divergent questions encourage students to think
beyond textbook-based, literal answers, thus eliciting a range of responses. They also help the teacher to assess the
students' understanding of content.

49. In the review phase of the lesson, Teacher P asked the following questions: “What is a fraction? What is a proper fraction?
What is an improper fraction? How does a proper fraction differ from an improper fraction?”
HOW CAN TEACHER P’S QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE BE IMPROVED?
I. Ask some more question (asking more question just for the sake of having one could either make or break a students
plus more time would be taken if multiple questions are presented)
II. Ask varied questions (varied questions provide more emphasis to the topic given because it will show many angles
about it, thus the discourse would be more meaningful and interesting)
III. Go beyond recall and comprehension questions (it develops critical thinking skills, thus it can improved the teachers
questioning technique)
a. III only c. II and III
b. I and III d. II only

50. Student answer Teacher N’s question: “Literacy rate and GNP are directly proportional.” Teacher N follows up the answer of
the students and asks him: “What do you mean by the phrase directly proportional?”
WHICH QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE DID TEACHER N EMPLOY?
a. Rephrasing c. Cross examining
b. Verifying d. Probing

RATIONALIZATION:
a. Rephrasing a question allows you to answer the question without the encumbrances of tone and language.

b.Verifying questions is simply like you want to make a confirmation about a certain topic by asking question about it.

c. In law, cross-examination is the interrogation of a witness called by one's opponent.

d. Probing or delving occurs when a student does not respond to a teacher question. Probes are teacher assists that
support the student to answer.

Thus, probing is the correct answer because base on the given situation the student did not answer the teachers
question entirely, therefore the teachers offers assistant to her student by asking a question that would lead to the
correct answer.

51. Here is a question: “Is –the paragraph a good one? Evaluate. “If broken down to simplify, which is the BEST simplification?
a. Is the paragraph a good one? Why or Why not? (it is practically the same question the only difference is that it has a
additionally question)
b. Why is the paragraph a good one? Prove (I think it is not the right simplication for the question because it does not
provide something that can make the question much easier to understand)
c. If you asked to evaluate something, what do you do? Evaluate the paragraph (this is not also the right simplication of
the question because I think that the question change its point instead of finding if the paragraph is good, it focuses
now to how should an individual evaluate things )
d. What are the qualities of a good paragraph? Does the paragraph have these qualities?
(it provides a assistance to understand more of what should you be doing exactly to answer the question thus, it
simplify the question.)
52. Which one is in support of greater interaction?
a. Repeating the question (this will not make a difference, students’ needs assistance to understand the question
repeating it will not help for greater interaction)

b. Not allowing a student to complete a response ( greater interaction needs to have a good communication by not
allowing a student to complete a response means that a teacher do not value communication)

c. Probing (obviously it is the correct answer, probing provides assistance to students when they don’t understand the
question completely, therefore by using probing the students understand more the question giving them confidence to
answer the question)

d. Selecting the same student respondents

(interaction will be useless if you will just entertain one student, there is no communication from the other students thus
there is no meaningful interaction at all)

53. Teacher M wants to develop the ability o sound judgment in his students. Which of the following questions should he ask?
a. With the elements of a good paragraph in mind, which one is best written?
b. What is the essayist saying about judging other people?
c. Why is there so much poverty in a country where there is plenty of natural resources?
d. Of the characters in the story, with whom do you identify yourself?

RATIONALIZATION:
Sound judgment and decision-making can be defined as one's ability to objectively assess situations or circumstances
using all the relevant information and apply past experience in order to come to a conclusion or make a decision.

Thus, letter A is the correct answer because it provides a question that can be answered objectively because without
completely knowing the elements of a good paragraph the student will not accurately answer the question. The
remaining choices can be answered subjectively meaning it can be answered in your own opinion.

54. For lesson clarity and effective retention, which should a teacher observe, according to Bruner’s theory?
a. Use purely verbal symbols in teaching
b. Start at the concrete level and end there
c. Begin teaching at the concrete level but go beyond it by reaching the abstract
d. End teaching with verbal symbols

RATIONALIZATION:
Bruner's constructivist theory suggests it is effective when faced with new material to follow a progression from
enactive to iconic to symbolic representation; this holds true even for adult learners.

Thus letter c is the appropriate answer for this question because it indicates a progression in teaching, while other
choices does not go beyond, like it stops when a task was done.

55. Which must be primarily considered in the choice of instructional aid?

a. Must be update and relevant to Filipino setting
b. Must be suited to the lesson objective
c. Must stimulate and maintain student interest
d. Must ne new and skillfully made

RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is letter b because INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES are chosen to foster student learning towards
meeting the objectives.

56. The teacher is the first audio-visual aid in the classroom. What does this imply?
a. Your physical appearance and voice should be such that students are helped to learn
b. Make good use of the radio and TV in the classroom
c. You take care that you follow the fashion or else students won’t listen to you
 d. Include singing in your [teaching method.

RATIONALIZATION:
Letter b is the correct answer because it is the only one who accurately related the question since it talks about visuals
and appearance. While the other talks about others concept.

57. Is it advisable to use realias all the time?

a. No, only when feasible
b. Yes, because there is no substitute for realias
c. No, for the sake of variety of instructional materials
d. Yes, because it is the real thing

RATIONALIZATION:

Realia are real objects such as real specimens of plants or animals and real machines or tools as they are known to exist or
used in life situations. Thus, it could not be used all the time only if it is workable, because if we all apply realia to teaching it
would take a lot effort and time to find an actual object related to the lesson.

58. I want my students to look at the issues on the call for President GMA to step down from several perspectives. Which activity
is most fitting?
a. Cross examination c. Symposium
b. Panel discussion d. Debate

RATIONALIZATION:
a. In law, cross-examination is the interrogation of a witness called by one's opponent.

b. A panel discussion, or simply a panel, involves a group of people gathered to discuss a topic in front of an audience,
typically at scientific, business, or academic conferences, fan conventions, and on television shows. Thus discussion
panel is the most appropriate answer because it will function well in presenting different perspective from the students.

c. Symposium is a conference or meeting to discuss a particular subject.

d. Debate is a process that involves formal discourse on a particular topic, often including a moderator and audience.
In a debate, arguments are put forward for often opposing viewpoints.

59. Which activity should a teacher have more for his students if he wants them to develop logical-mathematical thinking?
a. Problem solving
b. Games
c. Focus group discussion
d. Small group discussion

RATIONALIZATION:
the correct answer is letter a because problem solving develops mathematical power. It gives students the tools to
apply their mathematical knowledge to solve hypothetical and real world problems. The other would be also effective it
is accommodated with problem solving.

60. For a discussion of a topic from various perspectives, it is BEST to hold a ______.
a. Debate c. Panel discussion
b. Brainstorming d. Symposium

RATIONALIZATION:
a. Debate is a process that involves formal discourse on a particular topic, often including a moderator and audience.
In a debate, arguments are put forward for often opposing viewpoints.
 b. Brainstorming is a method design teams use to generate ideas to solve clearly defined design problems.

c. A panel discussion, or simply a panel, involves a group of people gathered to discuss a topic in front of an audience,
typically at scientific, business, or academic conferences, fan conventions, and on television shows. Thus discussion
panel is the most appropriate answer because it will function well in presenting different perspective from the students.

d. Symposium is a conference or meeting to discuss a particular subject.

61. I want to use a pre-teaching strategy that will immediately engage my students in the content and will enable me to get an
insight into how students think and feel about the topic. Which is MOST appropriate?
a. Story boarding
b. Graphic organizer
c. K-W-L chart
d. Document analysis

RATIONALIZATION:
a. A storyboard is a graphic organizer that consists of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of
pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence.

b. A graphic organizer, also known as a knowledge map, concept map, story map, cognitive organizer, advance
organizer, or concept diagram is a pedagogical tool that uses visual symbols to express knowledge and concepts
through relationships between them.

c. K-W-L charts are graphic organizers that help students organize information before, during, and after a unit or a
lesson. They can be used to engage students in a new topic, activate prior knowledge, share unit objectives, and
monitor students’ learning. This is the correct answer because it has the most appropriate description in line with the
provided question.

d. Document analysis is a form of qualitative research that uses a systematic procedure to analyze documentary
evidence and answer specific research questions.

62. I want to compare twc concepts. Which technique is most appropriate?

a. K-W-L techniques
b. Venn diagram
c. Attribute wheel
d. Spider web organizer

RATIONALIZATION:
Venn diagram is the correct answer because its purpose it compare ideas and concepts.

a K-W-L charts are graphic organizers that help students organize information before, during, and after a unit or a
lesson. They can be used to engage students in a new topic, activate prior knowledge, share unit objectives, and
monitor students’ learning.

b. A Venn diagram is an illustration that uses circles to show the relationships among things or finite groups of things.

c. Attribute Wheel Graphic Organizer Visual for describing at item. This visual helps student come up with various
attributes such as color, size, shape, location, texture, to name a few.

d. A Spider map (sometimes called a semantic map) is a type of graphic organizer that is used to investigate and
enumerate various aspects of a single theme or topic,

63. After establishing my learning objectives, what should I do to find out what my students already know and what they do not
yet know in relation to my lesson objectives in the cognitive domain?
a. Study the least learned competencies in the National Achievement Test
 b. Give a pretest
c. Analyze my students’ grades last year
d. Interview a sample of my students

RATIONALIZATION:
Letter B is the most appropriate answer because pretest allows teachers to see levels of proficiency for each student.
They should assess the degree to which students meet expectations using just prior knowledge.

64. At the end of my lesson on the role of a teacher in learning, I asked the class: “In what way is a teacher an enzyme?” With
this question, Engaged the class in _______.
a. Concrete thinking
b. Metaphorival thinking
c. Allegorical thinking
d. Symbolical thinking

RATIONALIZATION:
a. Concrete thinking is a more literal form of thinking that focuses on the physical world. Concrete thinkers may take
information at face value without thinking beyond or generalizing the information to other meaningsor situations.

b. Metaphoric thinking is a substitutional mental process in which implicit comparisons are made between qualities of
objects which are usually considered in separate classifications. This is the correct because there is a comparison of
qualities between enzyme and teacher, thus it fits to description of what is metaphorical thinking.

c. Allegory is a literary device used to express large, complex ideas in an approachable manner

d. Symbolical Thinking the ability to think about objects and events that are not within the immediate environment. It
involves the use of signs, symbols, concepts, and abstract relations, as evidenced by language, numeracy, and artistic
or ritual expression.

65. I want to help my students retain new information. Which one will I use?
a. Questions c. Games
b. Mnemonics d. Simulations

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Question - Helps students to think out loud. Facilitates learning through active discussion. Empowers students to feel
confident about their ideas. Improves speaking and listening skills
b. Mnemonics - The advantages of mnemonics are two-fold. First, they help students encode information in long-term
memory. And, second, and which is even more important, mnemonics help students retrieve information from long-
term memory. This is the correct answer , research-proven that utilizing mnemonics strategies can effectively improve
memory, enhance recall, and increase retention of information.
c. Games -According to research, using games in teaching can help increase student participation, foster social and
emotional learning, and motivate students to take risks. One study of the popular multiple-choice quiz game Kahoot
found that it improved students' attitudes toward learning and boosted their academic scores.
d. Simulations- Simulations promote concept attainment through experiential practice. They help students understand the
nuances of a concept. Students often find them more deeply engaging than other activities, as they experience the
activity first-hand, rather than hearing about it or seeing it.

66. I want to use a diagram to compare the traditional and authentic modes of assessment. Which one is most fit?
a. Affinity diagram c. Fishbone diagram
b. Tree diagram d. Venn diagram

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Affinity Diagram -The affinity diagram organizes a large number of ideas into their natural relationships. It is
the organized output from a brainstorming session. Use it to generate, organize, and consolidate information
 related to a product, process, complex issue, or problem. After generating ideas, group them according to
their affinity, or similarity. This idea creation method taps a team’s creativity and intuition. It was created in
the 1960s by Japanese anthropologist Jiro Kawakita.
B. Tree Diagram - a diagram with a structure of branching connecting lines, representing different processes
and relationships.
C. Fishbone diagram - A cause and effect diagram, often called a “fishbone” diagram, can help in brainstorming
to identify possible causes of a problem and in sorting ideas into useful categories. A fishbone diagram is a
visual way to look at cause and effect.
D. Venn Diagram - A Venn diagram is an illustration that uses circles to show the relationships among things or
finite groups of things. Circles that overlap have a commonality while circles that do not overlap do not share
those traits. Venn diagrams help to visually represent the similarities and differences between two concepts.
Base on the purpose of each diagram Among the Choices Letter D best fitted when comparing authentic and
traditional mode of assessment.

67. What characterizes genuine change? Change in _____.

a. Appearance c. Substance
b. Form d. Physical attribute

RATIONALIZATION:
Substance – this is the best answer that characterizes a genuine change because when we say substance the philosophical
term ‘substance’ corresponds to the Greek ousia, which means ‘being’, transmitted via the Latin substantia, which means
‘something that stands under or grounds things’. According to the generic sense, therefore, the substances in a given
philosophical system are those things that, according to the system, are the foundational or fundamental entities of reality.

68. In which strategy, can students acquire information from various perspectives, be led to reflective thinking and group
consensus?
a. Debate
b. Panel discussion
c. Symposium
d. Small group discussion

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Debate - a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which
opposing arguments are put forward.
B. Panel Discussion- a formal discussion before an audience for which the topic, speakers, etc., have been
selected in advance.
C. Symposium- a formal meeting at which several specialists deliver short addresses on a topic or on related
topics
D. Small Group Discussions- Small-Group Discussions provide students the opportunity to share ideas or
opinions without having to address the entire class. ... A simple small-group discussion asks students to
divide into small groups and democratically discuss a prompt provided by the instructor. Hence this is the
best answer fitted for students to acquire information from various perspectives later on leading to group
consensus.

69. A big story in your local newspaper. You want to use the headlines as an inquiry device. To increase student participation,
you might begin by ____.
a. Asking the class to infer connotations and denotations from the headline
b. Asking one to read the news story and interpret what he read after
c. Explaining what you believe to be the underlying causes
d. Describing the background of the story as you know it

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Asking the class to infer the denotations and connotation from the headline - asking the Denotation and connotation
are two more tools you can employ to discern the meaning of an unfamiliar term. For a writer to express herself
 precisely, she must understand both the denotations and connotations of words, and use that understanding to convey
to the reader her exact intent. This is the correct answer because she use to ask the connotation and denotations of
the headline as inquiry device this align to the sentence.
b. Asking one to read the news story and interpret what he read - it is not correct because asking the headline as inquiry
device must be used.
c. Explaining what you believe to be the underlying causes- this statement is not aligned because it is not using the
headline as the inquiry device.
d. Describing the background of the story as you know it.- this will not help increase student's participation because you
did not use the headline as a inquiry device it is not aligned to the sentence.

70. When I teach skills that are critical to the learning of the next topics, which should I employ?
a. Mastery learning
b. Direct instruction
c. Socratic method
d. Cooperative learning

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Mastery Learning - Teaching to mastery has several important benefits to students. Students who master material in a
lesson can more easily learn new material. The skills and concepts students acquire provide a very strong foundation
for learning new skills and concepts. ... They are confident that they will be able to learn new material.
b. Direct instruction - Direct instruction is where teachers use explicit teaching techniques to teach a specific skill to their
students. This type of instruction is teacher-directed, where a teacher typically stands at the front of a room and
presents information.
c. Socratic Method - The Socratic Method involves a shared dialogue between teacher and students. The teacher leads
by posing thought-provoking questions. Students actively engage by asking questions of their own. The discussion
goes back and forth.
d. Cooperative Learning - Cooperative Learning is an instructional method in which students work in small groups to
accomplish a common learning goal under the guidance of the teacher.Hence, Letter A is the correct answer, in
teaching students skills that critical for the next learning,Mastery Learning best fitted because students will acquire
strong foundation for learning new skills.

71. With which software can you predict changes in weather patterns and/or trends in the populations of endangered
species?
a. Spreadsheet
b. Word processing
c. Database
d. Desktop publishing

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Spread sheet - The most common reason to use spreadsheets is to store and organize data, like revenue, payroll and
accounting information. Spreadsheets allow the user to make calculations with this data and to produce graphs and
charts.
b. Word processing- Word processing software is used to manipulate a text document, such as a resume or a report. You
typically enter text by typing, and the software provides tools for copying, deleting and various types of formatting.
c. Database - is the correct answer. A database is a systematic collection of data. They support electronic storage and
manipulation of data. Databases make data management easy. Let us discuss a database example: Your electricity
service provider uses a database to manage billing, client-related issues, handle fault data, etc. This software best fits
in predicting changes in weather patterns.
d. Desktop Publishing- Desktop publishing software (DTP) is used to create documents like leaflets, brochures and
newsletters.

72. Which is/are appropriate for large group instruction?

a. Reciprocal teaching
b. Computer –assisted instruction
 c. Debate
d. Peer teaching

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Reciprocal teaching - Reciprocal Teaching (Palinscar & Brown 1984) is a guided reading
comprehension strategy that encourages students to develop the skills that effective readers and
learners do automatically (summarise, question, clarify, predict and respond to what they are reading).
This best suits for large group instruction
B. Computer - assisted instruction - Computer-assisted instruction" (CAI) refers to instruction or
remediation presented on a computer. Many educational computer programs are available online and
from computer stores and textbook companies. They enhance teacher instruction in several ways.
C. Debate - a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which
opposing arguments are put forward.
D. Peer teaching - In short, peer teaching occurs when students, by design, teach other students. ... Peer
teaching involves one or more students teaching other students in a particular subject area and builds
on the belief that “to teach is to learn twice” (Whitman, 1998).”

73. Which is/are appropriate for large group instruction?

a. Case study and peer tutorial
b. Symposium and lecture
c. Group project
d. Buzz session

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Case study and peer tutorial - a case study can be defined as an intensive study about a person, a group of people or
a unit, which is aimed to generalize over several units, while peer totural an instructional strategy that consists of
student partnerships. Which is not the answer because it involved small group.
B. Symposium and lecture - A symposium can be a one-time conference or a regular meeting, but it will probably include
some amount of discussion or public speeches on a particular subject. Many people who attend symposiums will be
part of the audience for many of the presentations, but during the course of the event, give their own presentation or be
part of a panel discussion.
C. Group project - Group work refers to a collaborative learning environment where students work through problems and
assessments together.
D. Buzz session - A very short discussion on a narrow topic that involves simultaneous small group work. Among the four
choices letter B Symposium and Lecture is appropriate for large group instructions.

74. For which can the Venn diagram be used?

a. Sequencing of events
b. Presenting attributes
c. Showing cause-and-effect
d. Comparison

RATIONALIZATION:

Venn diagram is a diagram used for comparison

A. Sequencing of events - Timeline diagrams are a type of graphic organizer that shows a sequence of events in
chronological order.
B. Presenting attributes - Semantic Maps or Spider Maps use to present ideas
C. Showing cause and effect - fishbone diagram
D. Comparison - Venn diagram which is the correct answer.

75. If we all after a learner’s engagement, is it good to ask question that present contradictions?
a. Yes, because they extend the discussion
b. Yes, but it will only turn off the slow learners
c. No, because the students get all the more confused
d. No, because they indicated teacher’s lack of questioning skill

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Yes, because they extend discussions - this is the correct answer because by simply asking questions or asking
students queries this will trigger them to dive in the discussion and open up for their point of views and share what's
bothering on their minds. By then they will be active in the discussion.
B. Yes, it will only turn off slow learners - No it will not turn off slow learners, because they are given chances to raise
questions or answered their queries.
C. No, because students get all more confused - students will not be confused because they will understand further and
deeper the discussion because they will be engage with further engagement instead they will have better
understanding because of this.
D. No, because they indicated teachers lack of questioning skills , No it is not aligned to the sentence.

76. Which is LEAST exploratory in nature?

a. Questioning method
b. Project method
c. Inquiry approach
d. Deductive method

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Quesitoning Method - Questioning techniques – a set of methods used by teachers when asking questions, such as
wait time and bounce. Experienced teachers recognise the power of questions. When skilfully delivered, questions
boost student engagement, improve understanding and promote critical thinking.
B. Project Method - The project method is a teacher-facilitated collaborative approach in which students acquire and
apply knowledge and skills to define and solve realistic problems using a process of extended inquiry. Projects are
student-centered, following standards, parameters, and milestones clearly identified by the instructor.
C. Inquiry Approach- The inquiry method is a student-centered learning approach with the concept of students who are
actively involved in the teaching and learning activity under the monitoring and supervision of teachers. The inquiry
method requires higher-order thinking skills and critical thinking to make conclusions.
D. Deductive Method - Deductive teaching is a traditional approach in which information about target language and rules
are driven at the beginning of the class and continued with examples. The principles of this approach are generally
used in the classes where the main target is to teach grammar structures. Based on the definition provided above the
LEAST exploratory in nature is the Deductive Method because it simply starts by giving learners rules, then examples,
then practice. The deductive approach may be suitable with lower level learners who need a clear base from which to
begin with a new language item.

77. I want to teach facts and rules. Which one will make use of?
a. Self-directed learning
b. Indirect instruction
c. Direct instruction
d. Collaborative model

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Self-directed learning - Self-directed learning is a process in which individuals take the initiative, with or without the
help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying human and material resources
for learning. This is not the correct answer.
B. Indirect instructions- Indirect instruction is a student-centered approach to learning where students observe, investigate
and draw inferences from data.
C. Direct Instructions- Direct instruction is where teachers use explicit teaching techniques to teach a specific skill to their
students. This type of instruction is teacher-directed, where a teacher typically stands at the front of a room and
presents information.
D. Collaborative Model - In a co-taught class, general education and special education teachers work together to plan
lessons, teach, monitor student progress, and manage the class. It's an approach that makes it easier to teach all
 students the same content and hold them to the same educational standards. The correct answer is letter c Direct
Instructions because you want to teach facts and rules in fact Direct instruction involves looking at actual samples of
student work produced in our programs.

78. Which assumption underlines apprenticeship learning like practice teaching?

a. Practice gets tested in theory
b. What is taught in the classroom is pure theory
c. What is seen outside the classroom contradicts what is taught within
d. Theory gets tested in practice
RATIONALIZATION:

A. Practice gets tested the theory - The statement is not correct hence it is the other way around the theory
taught in the classroom will be tested via practice teaching that will happened in the internship field. This is
not the correct answer.
B. What is taught in the classroom is pure theory - No, it is a big no, what is taught in the classroom, such
theories will be applied in the practice teaching. Theories are the basis of how you will put application to it in
the real teaching field. Hence this is not the correct answer.
C. What is seen outside the classroom contradicts what is taught within. No, this false what is seen outside it
because of what is taught within the classroom. The theories simply come to life when teacher students go
outside in the pratice teaching field and put application to all the theories learned within.
D. Theory gets tested in practice. Indeed True! All the theories a student teacher learned will be tested in the
practice teaching field. This is the right that student teacher will apply all the learnings they have earned from
classroom. So this is the correct answer.

79. I like to present graphically a comparison of the plant and animal cell. Which one will I use?
a. Spider map
b. Time sequance organizer
c. Fishbone diagram
d. Venn diagram

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Spider Map - A graphic organizer used to describe the attributes and functions of a central idea or theme
B. Time sequence organizer - it is diagram use for sequencing ideas or concepts
C. Fish bone Diagram is a diagram use to showcase cause and effect of a concept or ideas.
D. Venn Diagram - A diagram fits for comparing two ideas or concepts. Like the comparison of plant and animal cell. “

80. I want my students to have mastery learning of a basic topic. Which can help?
a. Socratic method and drill
b. Morriosonian technique and drill
c. Drill
d. Socratic method

RATIONALIZATION:
A. Socratic Method and Drill - The Socratic method is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals,
based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking. Supposed drill is the answer and socratic
method is not included.
B. Morriosonian technique and Drill - Morrison proposed the mastery formula for learning – pretest, teach, test the result,
adopt procedure and test again to the point of nature learning (Risk 1947
C. Drill- A drill is a classroom technique to aid memorisation by way of spaced repetition. Drills promote the acquisition of
knowledge or skills through repetitive practice. Drill is a useful technique to introduce a new lesson and to familiarise
learners with new concepts. The best answer is Drill, because using drill as a way to help students solidify newly
learned skills.drills give students an opportunity to learn certain concepts quickly and effectively
D. Socratic Method - The Socratic method is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on
asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking.
81. I use the gumamela flower, a complete flower, to teach the parts of a flower. Which method did I use?
a. Demonstration method
b. Drill method
c. Type-study method
d. Laboratory method

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Demonstrations Method - Demonstration method is practical ways of teaching; in this method teacher perform an
activity to teach his student a concept, this often occurred when students find it difficult to connect theories to actual
practice and when students are unable to understand the theories and its applications. This is not the correct answer
because Demonstration method of teaching is best suited when teaching skills and other concepts that need careful
step by step process or manipulation.
b. Drill Method - A drill is a classroom technique to aid memorisation by way of spaced repetition. Drills promote the
acquisition of knowledge or skills through repetitive practice. Drill is a useful technique to introduce a new lesson and to
familiarise learners with new concepts.
c. Type-study Method - it is an inductive procedure except that only one case is studied, for instances in studying flower,
one needs to study only one flower that has all the characteristics of most flower. This clearly means that the correct
answer is Letter C type-study method because the teacher uses gumamela flower which most of the characteristics of
flower has.
d. Laboratory Method - Laboratory methods are based on established scientific principles involving biology, chemistry,
and physics, and encompass all aspects of the clinical laboratory from testing the amount of cholesterol in your blood
to analyzing your DNA to growing microscopic organisms that may be causing an infection.

82. If a triadic interaction includes three (3) persons, how many persons are included in a dyadic interaction?
a. Two groups composed of two persons each
b. One, the person and himself
c. Four
d. Two

RATIONALIZATION:

Dyadic - by pair, means composed of two person

A. Two groups composed of two persons - is not dyadic because it has 4 person called
B. One the person himself - It is called SOLO Flight kidding
C. Four -
D. Two - Dyadic means this is the correct answer.

83. Which is/are effective method/s in teaching students critical reading skills?
a. Interpret editorials about a particular subject from three different newspaper
b. Read and interpret three different movies reviews
c. Distinguish fiction from non-fiction materials
d. Interpret editorials and read and interpret three different movie reviews

RATIONALIZATION:

A. This is correct answer because interpreting three readings means the student is analyzing hence she/he
become a critical reader. And the instruction is particular.
B. It is not the correct option because it is not the movie reviews needed to be enhance but the reading skill of
the student
C. Distinguishing fiction from non-fiction materials is not enough to enhance critical thinking skills in reading.
D. It is no the correct answer because it does not imply to the enhancing of reading skills and the method is not
particular on what to focus in enhancing.

84. I want to present the characteristics features of a constructivist approach. Which should I use?
a. Fishbone diagram c. Attribute wheel
 b. Narrative frame d. Venn diagram

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Fishbone Diagram - this diagram showcase cause and effect of an idea or concept, this is not suitable for what is
needed based on the sentence.
B. Narrative Frame - A framing narrative is a story within a story. that uses one story to frame the other. For this to work, it
must be one of the characters in the framing narrative who tells the story. When using this technique in fiction writing,
the author may include a single built-in story or may incorporate several.
C. Attribute Wheel - this is the corrrect answer because it is a circle that divided like pizza wherein you can put different
description, characteristics of a particular topic. Like the topic about constructivist approach with the help of attribution
wheel, you can put the different characteristics of constructivist approach
D. Venn Diagram - comparison of two ideas hence it is not suitable for presenting features of a constructist approach

85. If I want to develop creative thinking in my students, which one/s should I use?
I. Problem solving
II. Brainstorming
III. Dramatics
a. I and II c. III only
b. II only d. I, II and III

RATIONALIZATION:

Creative thinking requires reasoning and critical thinking being used to evaluate new ideas once they are produced.
So A. Problem Solving - Problem solving is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying,
prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution
B. Brainstorming- a group problem-solving technique that involves the spontaneous contribution of ideas from all members of the
group conducted several brainstorming sessions
C. Dramartics - the study or practice of theatrical arts (such as acting and stagecraft)

All of the three triggers and widens the creative thinking of the students thus Some essential skills that are the basis for critical
thinking are:
 Communication and Information skills
 Thinking and Problem-Solving skills
 Interpersonal and Self- Directional skills
 Collaboration skills
 which Problem solving brainstorming and dramatics are included.

86. If all of your students in your class passed the pretest, what should you do?
a. Administer the posttest
b. Go through the lesson quickly in order not to skip any
c. Go on to the next unit
d. Go through the unit as usual because it is part of the syllabus

RATIONALIZATION:
Pretest is a test which will test the prior knowledge of the students what they have learned from the lessons or past subjects they
learned. Scores is not recorded.
A. Administer the Postest - No, postest must be administered right after the formal discussion and the pretest.
B. Go through the lesson quicky in order not to skip any - This should be done after the postest
C. Go on to the next unit - This should be done after formal discussion and postest. And if the students clearly understood
the lesson or topic.
D. Go through to the unit as usual because it is part of the syllabus. This is the correct answer after the pretest the
teachet will proceed discussing the topic or unit.

87. A teacher would use a standardized test ______.

a. To serve as a unit test
 b. To engage in easy scoring
c. To compare her students to national norms
d. To serve as a final examination

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option A is not the best answer since unit test is a test which is constructed, administered and assessed by a
teacher after teaching a particular unit to the students.
b. Option B is not the correct answer because by the word itself standard it is not to engage in easy scoring.
C. Option C is obviously not the correct answer because comparing students to national norms is a norm-reference
evaluation.
D. Option D is the correct and best answer since final examination is an example of standardized test that is
administered and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Thus, standardized test is given in the same manner
to all test takers, and graded in the same manner for everyone .

88. Other than finding out how well the course competencies were met, Teacher K also wants to know his students’ performance
when compared with other students in the country. What is Teacher K interested to do?
a. Authentic evaluation
b. Norm-referenced evaluation
c. Formative evaluation
d. criterion-referenced evaluation

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option a is clearly not the correct answer because by its definition, Authentic assessment measures students'
success in a way that's relevant to the skills required of them once they've finished their course or degree program or
to test students' skills and knowledge in realistic situations.
b. Option B is the correct answer since Norm-reference evaluation used to understand how students' scores compare
to a predefined population with similar experience. In simpler words, Norm-referenced means referencing how students
score compares to other people.
c. Obviously, option c is not the correct answer because formative evaluations are evaluations FOR learning.
d. Option D is also not the correct answer because criterion reference evaluation measures a student's academic
performance against some standard or criteria. Thus, Criterion-referenced means that teachers referencing how
students score compares to a criterion.

89. I show my students a picture of people in thick jackets. Then I ask them to tell me the kind of climate when the picture was
taken. If I ask 5 questions of this kind and my students do not get them, it is safe to conclude that pupils are quite weak in the
skill of ___.
a. Analyzing c. Synthesizing
b. Inferring d. Generalizing

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option A is not the correct answer because analyzing means to study or examine something carefully in a methodical
way, like analyzing math test or analysing first before conducting an experiment.
b. Option B is the correct answer since the teacher wants her students to guess what kind of climate the people with thick
jackets have. Inferring in simple terms is guessing based on the evidence given by the teacher. Clearly the people with thick
jackets live in a cold climate and because the students failed to answer, they also failed in the skill of inferring.

c. Option C is also not the correct because the teacher didn’t tasked the students to combine different things in order to
make something new.
d. And also option D is incorrect same thought with option C. The students are not tasked to generalize.

90. Which must go with self-assessment for it to be effective?

a. Consensus of evaluation results from teacher and student
 b. Scoring rubic
c. External monitor
d. Public display of results of self-evaluation

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option A is obviously not the answer because the teacher is part of the assessment thus it should be the student
only.
b. Option B is the CORRECT answer because for the self-assessment to be effective, scoring rubric
encourages students to reflect on how their own work and meets the goals set for learning concepts and skills.
c. The question is about self-assessment so it must not be an external monitor because by its definition external
monitor is actually an extra screen which plugs into your laptop which gives you the use of two screens instead of one.
This option is not connected to the question.
D. Option D is also not the answer because it is not proper to public display of results of evaluation and it
might have a negative effect to the student.

91. The main purpose in administering a pretest and a posttest to students is to _____.
a. Measure i\the value of the material taught
b. Measure gains in learning
c. Keep adequate records
d. Accustom the students to frequent testing

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option A is incorrect because administering a pretest and posttest to students will not measure the value of the
material taught.
b. Option B is the best answer because during the pretest the teacher will determine the level of learning of the
students in particular topic and after the posttest the teacher will measure the gains in learning of the particular topic.
Thus, this is the main purpose of administering pretest and posttest to students.
c. Option C can be considered a correct answer but option B is the best and exact answer to the question.
d. Option D, is clearly not the answer.

92. Assessment is said to be authentic when the teacher ________.

a. Consider students’ suggestion in teaching
b. Gives valid and reliable paper-and-pencil test
c. Includes parents [in the determination of assessment procedures
d. Gives students real-life task to accomplish

RATIONALIZATION:

Given the definition of authentic assessment, it is the idea of using creative learning experiences to test students' skills
and knowledge in realistic situations.
Option A and C is obviously not the correct answer. And also, option B because paper and pencil test is an example of
traditional student assessment. So the correct answer is letter D, because giving students a real life task is an
example of authentic assessment.

93. If I favor “assessment for learning”, which will I do more most likely?
I. Conduct a pre-test results
II. Teach based [on pre-test results
III. Give specific feedback to students
IV. Conduct peer tutoring for students in need of help
a. I,II and IV c. I, II and III
b. II, III and IV d. I, II, III and IV

RATIONALIZATION:
 Option D is the correct answer because by the definition of “Assessment for learning” it occurs  when teachers use
inferences about student progress to inform their teaching. And these include ALL THE CHOICES given, conducting a pre-
test result and by teaching it based on pre-test result. One example of assessment for learning is frequent progress
monitoring of students. That is why no. III and IV is included (giving feedback and conducting peer tutoring for students in
need of help). As well as choices number 1 and 2.

94. After a lesson on the atom, the students were asked to work on a physical model of the atom to determine learning. For
which group of students is building an atom model intended?
a. Kinesthetically intelligent
b. Interpersonality intelligent
c. Mathematically intelligent
d. Linguistically intelligent

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option A is the correct answer because based on the question, the students will build and atom model. Thus, the
definition of kinesthetically intelligent is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills. So it is clear
that it is kinaesthetically intelligent.
b. Option B is not the correct answer because the activity is not something to do with ability to understand and interact
effectively with others.
c. Option C is also not the correct answer because the activity has not something to do with problem solving, to think
conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical or numerical patterns.
d. And also it is not linguistically intelligent because the activity of students does not involve the sensitivity to spoken and
written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals.
95. Which goes with the spirit of “assessment for learning?”
a. Emphasis on grades and honors
b. Emphasis on self-assessment
c. Absence of formative tests
d. Stress on summative tests

RATIONALIZATION:

Option B is the correct answer. It is because assessment for learning is based when teachers use inferences about student
progress to inform their teaching by the use of formative assessment. Self-assessment can increase the interest and motivation
level of students for the subjects leading to enhanced learning and better academic performance, helping them in development
of critical skills for analysis of their own work.  Teachers having a strong belief in the importance of promoting student autonomy,
articulate a clear conviction that they are responsible for ensuring that students are focused on self-assessment.

Options C and D are incorrect since assessment for learning must give formative tests and it does not give stress on summative
tests. And also option A, Assessment for learning does not give emphasis on grades and honors.

96. Teacher Bing wanted to teach the pupils the skill of cross stretching. Her check-up quiz was a written test on the steps of
cross stitching. What characteristic of a good test does it lack?
a. Objectivity c. Predictive validity
b. Reliability d. Content validity

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option A is not the correct answer because it does not align with the question because Objectivity is  the ability to see
things without being influenced by personal feelings, emotions, or judgments. An objective assessment is based on
 evidence or facts. Assessments that are considered objective have a right and wrong answer that will be evaluated in the
same way for every person assessed.

b. Option B could be the answer but reliability refers to the extent to which an assessment method or instrument measures
consistently the performance of the student.

c. Predictive validity is the degree to which test scores accurately predict scores on a criterion measure. Option C is also
incorrect.

d. Content validity (Rossiter, 2008) is defined as “the degree to which elements of an assessment instrument are relevant to
a representative of the targeted construct for a particular assessment purpose”. In the question the teacher wants to teach
the skill of cross teaching but her assessment was a written test if the content is all about skills at performing tasks, then the
tests must also be about performance task so we can conclude that it lacks a content validity. So the correct answer is
option D.

97. In the parlance of test construction, what does TOS mean?

a. Team of Specifications
b. Table of Specifics
c. Table of Specification
d. Terms of Specifications

RATIONALIZATION:

Option C is the correct answer because TOS stands for TABLE OF SPECIFICATION. The table of specifications
(TOS) is a tool used to ensure that a test or assessment measures the content and thinking skills that the test intends
to measure. Thus, when used appropriately, it can provide response content and construct (i.e., response process)
validity evidence.

98. Here are computed means of a hundred-item test: Physical science, 38; Math, 52; English, 33. Based on the data, which is
TRUE?
a. The Math test appears to be the easiest among the three
b. The examinees seem to be very good in Physical Science
c. The examinees seem to excel in English
d. The English test appears to be the easiest among the three.

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Option A is true because based on the given scores of each subject it is true that MATH subject has the highest
score it means it is the easiest among the three.
B. Option B is not true because based on the result; the examinees are not good in Physical science.
C. Option C is obviously not true because English subject has the lowest score.
d. Option D is also not true because English has the lowest score among the three.

99. Which group of scores is most varied? The group with ________.
a. .90 SD b. .50 SD c. .10 SD d. .75 SD

RATIONALIZATION:

To determine which of the given group of scores is most varied, just simply look for highest SD (Standard deviation). Take
note that the higher the standard deviation, closer or higher than 1, the more variability or more varied and spread your data
is while lower than 1 are considered to be low variance. The correct answer is option A since it has the highest SD and has
value closer to 1.
100. An examinee whose score is within x + 1 SD belongs to which of the following groups?
a. Above average
b. Below average
c. Needs improvement
d. Average

RATIONALIZATION:

X+1 SD means that the score of the examinee is only one Standard Deviation away from the mean. This means that the
examinee's score is higher than the mean of the scores but is near from the mean. Thus, X+1 SD belongs to the average
group. In order to belong to the above average group, the examine must have a score of X+2 SD or higher. Those who
have scores of X-1 or X-2 SD means that they have lower scores from the mean and they are in the below average group or
in the needs improvement group.

101. Which is TRUE of a bimodal distribution?

a. The group has two different groups
b. The scores are neither high nor low
c. The score are high
d. The score are low

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Option A is true because when we say bimodal distribution, Bi means two and Bimodal literally means  "two
modes" or two groups and is typically used to describe distributions of values that have two centers.
Options A, B and C are untrue since it does not outline the definition of bimodal distribution.

102. A number of test items in a test are said to be non-discriminating? What conclusion/s can be drawn?
I. Teaching or learning was very good.
II. The item is so easy that anyone could get it right.
III. The item is so difficult that nobody could get it.
a. II only c. III only
b. I and II d. II and III

RATIONALIZATION:

Options D are conclusions that can be drawn. In fact, non-discriminating items means these are easy and difficult items
to answer. Option 1 is not included since non-discriminating items does not indicate that the teaching or learning was
very good.

103. A tests item has a difficulty index of .51 and a discrimination index of .25. What should the teacher do?
a. Retain the item
b. Make it a bonus item
c. Revise the item
d. Reject the item

RATIONALIZATION:

Based on the difficulty index scale .51 has an interpretation of right difficulty that has an action to retain the item. On
the other hand, based on the discrimination index scale .25 has an interpretation of non-discriminating and the
interpretation is to revise the item. In conclusion, the test item should be rejected.
104. The difficulty index of a test item is 1. This means that _____________.
a. The test is very difficult
b. The test is very easy
c. The test item is quality item
d. Nobody got the item correctly

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Option A is incorrect because in order for the test item to be very difficult the
difficulty index must below 0.25.
b. Option B is the correct answer because the item’s DI is 1 and based on the
difficulty index scale above 0.75 is an easy item.
c. The word quality item is not valid.
d. Option D is also incorrect because if nobody got the item correctly the DI must
below 0.25. Thus, based on the DI scale below 0.25 items is very difficult.

105. If the compound range is low, this means that _____________.

a. The students performed very well in the test
b. The difference between the highest and the lowest score is high
c. The students performed very poorly in the test
d. The difference between the highest and the lowest score is low

RATIONALIZATION:

Note that the compound range is calculated by subtracting the lowest value from the highest value. Thus, large range
means high variability, a small range means low variability in a distribution.

a. Option A is incorrect because just knowing the compound range does not indicate that the students performed very
well in the test.
b. Option B is also incorrect because it indicates that the compound range is high.
C. Option C is incorrect because just knowing the compound range high/low is not an indication that the students
performed very poorly in the test.
d. Option D is the correct answer because if the difference between the highest and the lowest score is low it is an
indication that compound range is low.

106. What is the mastery level of a school division in a 100-item test with a mean of 55?
a. 42% b. 55% c. 45% d. 50%

RATIONALIZATION:

To get the mastery level in a 100-item test with a mean of 55 just simply convert 55 to 55 percent, since the mean is
the average of data. (LMAO DI KO SURE HAHAAHAHHHA)

107. A negative discrimination index means that ____________.f

a. The test item has low reliability
b. The test item could not discriminate between the lower and upper groups
c. More form the lower group answered the test item correctly
d. More from the upper group got the item correctly

RATIONALIZATION:
 Note that the discrimination index (DI) measures how discriminating items in an exam are example how well an item
can differentiate between good candidates (upper groups) and less able ones (lower groups). For each item it is a
measure based on the comparison of performance between stronger and weaker candidates in the exam as a whole.

a. Option A is not the correct answer because negative discrimination has not something to do with reliability. In fact,
Item reliability is simply the product of the standard deviation of item scores and a correlational discrimination index.
b. Option B also is incorrect because the test item could discriminate between the lower and upper groups.
c. According to Schreyer Institute for Teaching Excellence, Items with a negative discrimination are theoretically
indicating that either the students who performed poorly on the test overall got the question correct or that students
with high overall test performance did not get the item correct. Option C is the correct answer because negative
discrimination index indicates that more from the lower group answered the test item correctly. If more from the upper
group got item correctly it indicates positive discrimination index.
d. Option D is an indication of positive discrimination index.

108. In an entrance examination, student A’s Percentile is 25 (P 25). Based on this Percentile rank, which is likely to happen?
a. Student A will be admitted
b. Student A has 50-50 percent chance to be admitted
c. Student A will not be admitted
d. Student A has 75 percent chance to be admitted

RATIONALIZATION:

A percentile is a measure in statistics. It is a way of expressing where an observation falls in a range of other observations.
To rephrase this, it’s the percentage of data that falls at or below a certain observation. For example, you know that your
score is in the 25th percentile, which means you scored better than 25% of people who took the test or 25% of the test
takers are below your score. However, student A will not be admitted since the 25th percentile is also called the first
quartile. The first quartile is considered the lowest. Therefore, student A will not be admitted.

 Option A is incorrect, since 25th percentile rank is called first quartile. The first quartile is considered the lowest.
 Option B and C are also incorrect because there are remaining 75% test takers that perform better than student A.

109. What does a percentile rank of 62 mean?

a. It is the student’s score in the test
b. The student’s score is higher than 62 percent of all students who took the test
c. The student answered sixty-two (62%) of the items correctly
d. Sixty-two percent (62%) of those who took the test scored higher than the individual

RATIONALIZATION:
A percentile is a measure in statistics. It is a way of expressing where an observation falls in a range of other observations.
To rephrase this, it’s the percentage of data that falls at or below a certain observation. In the given problem, you know that
your score is in the 62nd percentile, which means you scored better than 62% of people who took the test or 62% of the test
takers are below your score. (Kung sa Bisaya pa, naa kay nalamangan na 62% na test takers, naay 62% test takers na mas
dako ka og score compare sa ilaha)

 Option A and C, it is incorrect because percentile is used to display position or rank, not by score. (Dili buot
pasabot na 62nd percentile rank ka kay 62 pod imong score)
 Option D, it is incorrect because 62% of those who took the test scored lower than the individual, and not higher.
(If my percentile rank is 62, naay 62% test takers na mas dako ko og score compare sa ilaha, ako ang dako og
score)

110. What can be said f student performance in a positively skewed score distribution?
a. Most students performed well
b. Almost al students had averaged performance
c. A few students performed excellently
d. Most students performed poorly
 RATIONALIZATION:
A distribution is positively skewed (right skewed) if the scores fall toward the lower side of the scale and there are very few
higher scores, which means that most of the students performed poorly. A positively skewed (or right-skewed) distribution is
a type of distribution in which most values are clustered around the left tail of the distribution while the right tail of the
distribution is longer.
On the other hand, distribution is negatively skewed (left skewed) if the scores fall toward the higher side of the scale and
there are very few low scores which means, most students performed well. In negatively skewed, a type of distribution in
which more values are concentrated on the right side (tail) of the distribution graph while the left tail of the distribution graph
is longer.

111. A students’ scores on a test were 72, 72, 73, 74, 76, 81, 83, 85. The score 76 is the ____.
a. Cut off score c. Average
b. Mean d. Median

RATIONALIZATION:
The term cut-off score refers to the lowest possible score on an exam, standardized test, high-stakes test, or other form of
assessment that a student must earn to either “pass” or be considered “proficient.” Moreover, to determine cut-off scores
can vary widely. For example, a score of 76 has long been considered a “passing” score in many schools, regardless of the
content of the test, how it was designed, or what the score represents in terms of academic achievement.

OPTION B AND C are incorrect, the mean is the average of a data set. The mean is 77.
OPTION D is also incorrect because the median is the middle score in a set of given numbers, in this problem the median is
75.

112. In a 50-item test where the mean is 20 and the standard deviation is 8, Soc obtained a score of 16. What descriptive rating
should his teacher give him?
a. Average c. Poor
b. Below average d. Above average

RATIONALIZATION:
In the 50 item test, 20 is the mean which means 20 is the average of the scores of the students. However, the standard
deviation 8 which means it is a large standard deviation that indicates that the student scores spread far from the mean
(Kung baga ang mga scores sa students kay katag) Despite of the large standard deviation, score of 16 is considered as
average because the mean is 20.

113. The score distribution of Set A and Set B have equal mean but with different SDs. Set A has an SD of 1.7 while Set B has
an SD of 3.2. Which statement is TRUE of the score distributions?
a. Majority of the scores in set B are clustered around the mean
b. Scores in Set A are more widely scattered
c. Majority of the scores in Set A are clustered around the mean
d. The scores of Set B has less variability than the scores in Set A

RATIONALIZATION:
In comparing the SD of Set A and Set B, set A have low standard deviation while set B have higher standard deviation than
A. This means that Set B with high standard deviation shows that the data is widely spread while, set A with a low standard
deviation shows that the data are clustered closely around the mean. (Kung baga, dili kaayo katag ang data sa SET A
compare sa SET B na katag sya kay widely spread man. Example, sa SET A kay mga data 23, 25, 28, 29 while and SET B
kay 23, 30, 45, 75)

114. What is the mean of this score distribution: 40, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 54, 68, 68?
a. 51.88 b. 50.88 c. 50 d. 68

RATIONALIZATION:
The mean is calculated by adding up the scores and dividing the total by the number of scores.
 40 + 42 + 45 + 48 + 50 + 52 + 54 + 68 + 68 = 467
 467 divided by 9 = 51.88
115. What does a skewed score distribution mean?
a. Most of the scores are on the upper end of the curve
b. Most of the scores are on the lower end of the curve
c. The scores are normally distributed
d. The scores are concentrated more at one end or the other end of the normal curve

RATIONALIZATION:
A skewed score distribution can be concentrated more at one end or the other end of the normal curve because we have
two types of skewed score distribution, the positively skewed and negatively skewed. In positively skewed (or right-skewed)
distribution is a type of distribution in which most values are clustered around the left tail of the distribution while the right tail
of the distribution is longer.On the other hand, in negatively skewed, a type of distribution in which more values are
concentrated on the right side (tail) of the distribution graph while the left tail of the distribution graph is longer.

 Option A is incorrect because it is positively Skewed Distribution a distribution where most scores are clustered at
the lower end of the curve.
 Option B is incorrect because this is negatively skewed score distribution when most of the scores are on the
upper end of the curve.
 Option C is not correct because the scores must be concentrated more at one end or the other end of the normal
curve, and not by the normal distribution.

116. How many percent of the cases fall between -1 and +1 SD units from the mean?
a. 38% b. 99% c. 68% d. 95%

RATIONALIZATION:
In a normal curve, the percentage of scores which fall between -1 and +1 standard deviations (SD) is 68%. The normal
distribution is commonly associated with the 68-95-99 rule. With 68% of the data is within 1 standard deviation (σ) of the
mean (μ) that’s -1 and +1 SD, 95% of the data is within 2 standard deviations (σ) of the mean (μ) -2 and +2 SD, and 99.7%
of the data is within 3 standard deviations (σ) of the mean (μ) -3 and +3 SD.

117. Suppose that in September 2009 LET the mean in the professional education test for the elementary group was 44.3. What
does this mean?
a. 44.3 is the best single value that represents the performance of the elementary teacher examinees as a whole
b. Most of the elementary teacher examinees obtained a score of 44.3
c. 50% of the elementary teacher examinees got a score of at least 44
d. None of the elementary teacher examinees got a score below 44

RATIONALIZATION:
 The 44.3 mean of the September 2009 LET shows the entire performance of the elementary teacher examinees during the
professional education test. Aside from that, 44.3 shows the best single value as representative of an entire score of the
elementary teacher examines in professional education test. Since mean is the most common statistic used to measure the
center of a numerical data set.

Option B, C and D are incorrect because mean is not about the scores of the elementary teacher examinees obtained a
score of 44.3 or getting at least 44 but mean is about the average of a data set, which means adding all scores of the test
takers in the data set and then dividing by the number of values in the set.

118. Principal A is talking about “grading on the curve” in a faculty meeting. What does this expression refer to?
a. A student grade determines whether or not a student attains a defined standard of achievement
b. A student mark tells how closely he is achieving to his potential
c. A student mark compares his achievement to his effort
d. A student grade or mark depends on how his achievement compares with the achievement of other students in a class

RATIONALIZATION:
Grading on a curve is a term that describes a variety of different methods that a teacher uses to adjust the scores her
students received on a test in some way. Most of the time, grading on a curve boosts the students' grades by moving their
actual scores up a few notches, perhaps increasing the letter grade.
Grading on a curve means that you (as a student) and your grade in an exam is relative to the grades of your classmates.
While it’s not required for all teachers to practice curving on a grade, plenty of teachers in all types of formal education do
this when they think it’s necessary to help more students pass. When a teacher grades on a curve, they adjust their class’
scores accordingly so that those who need the grade boost will get it and pass without these changes becoming unfair to
those who scored high.

119. Other than the numerical grades found in students’ report cards, teachers are asked to give remarks. On which belief is this
practice based?
a. Numerical grades have no meaning
b. Giving remarks about each child is part of the assessment task of every teacher
c. Remarks, whether, positive or negative, motivate both parents and learner
d. Grades do not reflect all developments that take place in every learner

RATIONALIZATION:
A report card communicates the student's performance academically, every grading or semester. It contains numerical
grades and report cards comment or remarks by the teachers. When we say, numerical grades, the students obtained the
Grades from an average of daily, chapter, and unit tests; class performance, homework, and special projects appropriate to
the course. While, the report card remarks show the learner’s progress, development, strength, and weaknesses of every
learner. Therefore, it is important to have remarks given by the teachers because the numerical grades do not reflect the
student’s progress, development, strength, and weaknesses. Student report card remarks are important as it provides the
teacher's candid assessment of how the learner is fairing both in academic as well as extra-curricular activities. And provide
meaningful feedback to help parents understand their child's progress.

Option A is incorrect because numerical grades still have meaning, it has descriptions like excellent if you got 95-100. Very
good if 90-95 and so on.
Option B is incorrect also, even though giving remarks are part of the assessment task of the teacher, but option B didn’t
mention what’s really the purpose of giving remarks to the students.
Option C is incorrect, even though remarks can be positive or negative which can really motivate the parents and students.
However, option C didn’t answer the question “which belief is practice based”, why do we have numerical grades and report
cards remarks.

120. The search for related literature by accessing several data bases by the use of a telephone line to connect a computer
library with other computers that have data base is termed _____.
a. Technology search
b. On-line search
c. Computer search
d. Electronic search
 RATIONALIZATION:
Online search is the process of interactively searching for and retrieving requested information via a computer from
databases that are online. In fact, searches through web search engines constitute the majority of online searches. Online
searches often supplement reference transactions especially if you wanted to search for related literature. You can find
different related literature by accessing several data bases. Also, if you wanted to search for related literature by the use of
a telephone line to connect a computer library with other computers that have data base, it should be done, online, therefore
it is termed online search.

Option A, C, and D are incorrect because all the searches should be done in the search engine. Search engine is a web-
based tool that enables users to locate information on the World Wide Web. Popular examples of search engines are
Google, Yahoo!, and MSN Search. For example, to search for the related literature, you must used a search engine like
google. Search engines are very useful to find information about anything quickly and easily. In option A and C and D, it
represents that with help of technology, they developed computers which we can search conducted with an electronic
device such as in desktop computers, laptop, mobile phones and others.

121. What does the computer have in common with the TV?
a. Key board c. Screen
b. File d. Disk drive

RATIONALIZATION:
The common part of television and computer is a screen. As we can see, television and computer have screen to display
the display images, text, video, and graphics information. In other words, the screen is the physical surface on which visual
information is presented.

OPTION A- KEYBOARD: used to enter characters and functions into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is
the primary device used to enter text.

OPTION B: FILE- a file is an object on a computer that stores data, information, settings, or commands used with a
computer program. Television doesn’t have files.

OPTION D: DISK DRIVE- A disk drive is a technology that enables the reading, writing, deleting and modifying of data on a
computer storage disk.

122. When you reach the “plateau of learning”, what should you do?
a. Forget about learning
b. Rest
c. Force yourself to learn
d. Reflect what caused it

RATIONALIZATION:
A “plateau of learning” or learning plateau is a term that is often used in educational psychology. This is a kind of
phenomenon that refers to a situation when the learner in the course of learning, despite all the efforts of learning and
practice, seems to make no significant progress. Plateau of learning often because of fatigue, boredom, loss of motivation,
forced feeding of information or a change in the level of skill required and others. Therefore, according to Eliason (2017) to
break the plateau of learning and never stop growing, the learners must know what caused of his/her learning plateau to
create a solution about it. When you have are being in plateau for certain period then able to create solution to it, the learner
will continue to make progress.

OPTION A, B and C are incorrect because students should not forget the learning and not do the forced feeding to
information because they plateau of learning will continue and there will be no progress at all. All they have to do is to reflect
what causes their plateau, create solution that will address the problem or change their strategy in learning that arouse
interest.

123. Which depicts in graphic form the social relations present in a group?
a. Interest inventory
 b. Anecdotal record
c. Johari window
d. Sociogram

RATIONALIZATION:
SOCIOGRAM is a graphic representation of the relations among members of a social unit or group. The purpose of a
sociogram is to uncover the underlying relationships between people. A sociogram can be used to increase your
understanding of group behaviors.

EXAMPLE: Suppose you are a seventh grade teacher. There are ten students in your classroom: Mike, Olivia, Connor, Tracy, Lena,
Darren, James, Tiona, Lisa, and Taylor. You notice that your male and female students have not been getting along well in recent
weeks. You are interested in looking at the relationships between your students to help you understand what is going on in your
classroom. One method that can help you examine relationships is creating a sociogram.

OPTION A – INTEREST INVENTORY: An interest inventory is a testing instrument designed for the purpose of measuring
and evaluating the level of an individual's interest. Testing methods include direct observation of behavior, ability tests, and
self-reporting inventories of interest in educational, social, recreational, and vocational activities.

OPTION B – ANECDOTAL RECORD: Anecdotal records are systematically kept notes of specific observations of individual
student behaviors, skills and attitudes in the classroom. One example is to write “Autumn already know how to count
numbers”

OPTION C- JOHARI WINDOW: the Johari Window is a practical tool to illustrate and improve self-awareness and mutual
understanding between individuals. It’s a simple and useful tool for understanding and training: self-awareness, personal
development, improving communications, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, team development; and inter group
relationships

124. Planned ignoring, signal interference, and proximity control are techniques used in _____.
a. Managing temper tantrums
b. Operant conditioning
c. Managing surface behavior
d. Life-space interviewing

RATIONALIZATION:
There is no classroom that can prevent every instance of every disruptive behavior of the students. Therefore, teachers
used surface behavior strategies to limit or discourage challenging behavior. These simple, non-intrusive methods of
responding to minor undesirable behaviors (or surface behaviors) allow teachers to proactively address student behavior.
So, nonverbal and verbal techniques that teachers can use to manage surface behaviors are suggested, including planned
ignoring, eye contact, facial expression, body posture, close proximity, touch control, limitation of space, redirection to
another activity, ventilation, distraction, understanding and reassurance, modeling, humor, one-to-one teacher-student
contact, and natural consequences. (Marable & Raimondi, 1995).

OPTION A- MANAGING TEMPER TANTRUMS: Parents can effectively manage temper tantrums by remaining calm and
objective and not rewarding the child's behavior. Walking away from the child during the temper tantrum teaches the child
that their approach is unsuccessful. Timeout is also an effective tool parents can successfully utilize.
OPTION B- OPERANT CONDITIONING: Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and
punishments for behavior. (B.F SKINNER)
OPTION D – LIFE SPACE INTERVIEWING: The Life Space Interview is a verbal strategy for providing active intervention in
young people's lives

125. What should you do to get the child’s attention when she/he is distracted by an object in the room?
I. Call him by his name and tell him to pay attention
II. Put away the distracting influence
III. Involve him in helping with an activity
a. I and II c. II and III
b. I and III d. I, II and III
 RATIONALIZATION:

Number 1 is correct that you should call the name of the students and tell him to pay attention in class because when the
students don’t pay attention in class, they miss out on the vital information of the lesson that will help them succeed in the
class. As a teacher, it is your responsibility to get the attention of the students.
Number 2 is also correct Remove distractions. Distractions can be a huge inhibitor to learning, especially in younger,
elementary education classrooms. Make sure televisions and computer monitors are turned off when they’re not in use,
close window blinds if there is activity outside, and make sure students turn off cellphones and tablet computers and so on.
Number 3 is also correct because you can get the attention of that particular student which makes him participative in class.
THEREFORE, THE ANSWER IS D. I, II, III

Note:
A. I and II is also correct kay dati na test permi A. I and II ang answer pero karon kay D. I, II and III. Medyo confusing sad sya.
Sa Number 3, also correct because you can get the attention of that particular student which makes him participative in class. However,
the child didn’t pay attention because of the object in the classroom. So ang problem here kay ang object maong na distract ang learner,
in order to get the attention is to get rid of the object. Therefore, ang number 3 dili sya related problem which is the learner is distracted by
an object in the room.

126. The Values Education faith, hope, and love and values which are believed to be permanent values whether they be valued
by people or not. Upon what philosophy is this anchored?
a. Realism c. Idealism (CORRECT)
b. Existentialism d. Pragmatism

RATIONALIZATION:

Idealism - Idealism is the philosophical theory that maintains that the ultimate nature of reality is based on mind or ideas.
Based on FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF IDEALISM, Values are absolutely and unchanging: Truth, beauty and
goodness are the spiritual values. These spiritual values are undying and permanent. Also, St. Augustine mentioned that
when educator and learners appreciate the feebleness of unaided human reason, they see that faith, hope and love are the
fundamental virtues to be developed in schools.

OPTION A: REALISM: Unlike idealists, realists highly recommend the use of scientific investigation and senses in order to
learn. They put focus on the physical world, arguing that reality, knowledge and value exist independent of the mind.
Realists believe that schools should promote human rationality through observation and experimentation. Realist teachers
believe in the importance of experimental learning.

OPTION B: EXISTENTIALISM: Existentialists place their focus on the ideas of existence and essence. Individuals create
their own meaning. Finding one’s purpose becomes a lifelong goal for existentialists. They believe in the importance of
personal choice and reflection of knowledge. In school, they place importance on “developing a free, self-actualizing person”
(94). This means having students discuss their lives and decisions they make.

OPTION D: PRAGMATISM- Pragmatism is an educational philosophy that says that education should be about life and
growth. That is, teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and encourage them to grow into
better people. Many famous educators, including John Dewey, were pragmatists.

127. I make full use of the question-and-answer as a model for discussion. From whom is this question-and-answer method?
a. Kant c. Aristotle
b. Socrates d. Plato

RATIONALIZATION:
Developed by the Greek philosopher, Socrates, the question-and-answer method or also known as Socratic Method is a
dialogue between teacher and students, instigated by the continual probing questions of the teacher, in a concerted effort to
explore the underlying beliefs that shape the students views and opinions.
 OPTION A. Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the foremost thinkers of the Enlightenment. His
comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all
subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism.

OPTION C. ARISTOTLE – Aristotle is recognised as the father of both biology and zoology due to his remarkable
discoveries in this field.

OPTION D. PLATO- The ancient Greek philosopher Plato is considered to be the Father of Idealism in philosophy.

128. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, “Man may understand all about the rotation of the earth but he may still miss the radiance
of the sunset.” Which type of education should be emphasized as implied y Martin Luther King Jr.?
a. Vocational education
b. Liberal education
c. Science and education
d. Technical education

RATIONALIZATION:
He advocated for peaceful approaches to some of society's biggest problems. He organized a number of marches and
protests and was a key figure in the American civil rights movement. He also brought awareness to the importance of
education. Education must enable a man to become more efficient, to achieve with increasing facility the legitimate goals of
his life. Just like Martin Luther King Jr. fights for LIBERAL EDUCATION presents a clear vision of the learning all students
need for success in an uncertain future and for addressing the compelling issues we face as a democracy and as a global
community—regardless of where they study, what they major in, or what their career goals are. By interconnecting social
sciences, humanities, physical sciences, business, design, natural sciences, fine & performing arts, communications
management and computational sciences, we equip our students for an ever-changing new world.

OPTION A. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION- Vocational training provides skill based learning and focuses on how to teach
practical skills. Vocational education is education that prepares people to work as a technician or to take up employment in
a skilled craft or trade as a tradesperson or artisan. Vocational education is sometimes referred to as career and technical
education.

OPTION C. SCIENCE AND EDUCATION- Science education is the field concerned with sharing science content and
process with individuals not traditionally considered part of the scientific community.

OPTION D. TECHNICAL EDUCATION- Technical education and vocation education are interchangeable. technical
education is a term applied to schools, institutions, and educational programs that specialize in the skilled trades, applied
sciences, modern technologies, and career preparation.

129 . Computer-assisted instruction is an offshoot of the theory of _____

a. J. Piaget c. B.F. Skinner
b. J. Brunner d. J. Watson

RATIONLIZATION:
Computer-assisted instruction" (CAI) refers to instruction or remediation presented on a computer.
Many educational computer programs are available online and from computer stores and textbook
companies. They enhance teacher instruction in several ways. Computer programs are interactive and
can illustrate a concept through attractive animation, sound, and demonstration. They allow students
to progress at their own pace and work individually or problem solve in a group. Computers provide
immediate feedback, letting students know whether their answer is correct. If the answer is not correct,
the program shows students how to correctly answer the question. Computers offer a different type of
activity and a change of pace from teacher-led or group instruction.
 A. Piaget-Piaget proposed four major stages of cognitive development, and called them (1)
sensorimotor intelligence, (2) preoperational thinking, (3) concrete operational thinking, and (4)
formal operational thinking. Each stage is correlated with an age period of childhood, but only
approximately.

B. Bruner (1966) was concerned with how knowledge is represented and organized through different
modes of thinking (or representation).

 Jerome Bruner proposed three modes of representation:

 Enactive representation (action-based)- the representation of knowledge through actions.

 Iconic representation (image-based)- which is the visual summarization of images.
 Symbolic representation (language-based)- representation, which is the use of words and
other symbols to describe experiences.

C. Most researchers trace CAI back to Skinner and it appeared as an extension of his theory. In
1954 at the university of Pittsburgh Psychologist B. F. Skinner demonstrated a teaching machine
for "reinforcing" and not just teaching but doing spelling and arithmetic with a machine. In
addition, teacher uses this CAI as their reinforcement in their teaching and learning process
Because It allows students to have an active role in learning process. It provides teachers with
more options to teach and more time to evaluate progress of activities. It prevents barrier such as
when, where, and limited resources.

D. Watson’s behaviorist theory focused not on the internal emotional and psychological conditions of
people, but rather on their external and outward behaviors. He believed that a person’s physical
responses provided the only insight into internal actions. He spent much of his career applying his
theories to the study of child development and early learning. He believed strongly that a child's
environment is the factor that shapes behaviors over their genetic makeup or natural temperament.

that shapes behaviors over their genetic makeup or natural temperament.

130. The use of varied teaching and testing strategies on account of students’ multiple intelligences is in line with the thoughts of
______.
a. Daniel Goleman c. Benjamin Bloom
b. Jean Piaget d. Howard Gardner

RATIONALIZATION:

A. Daniel Goleman's emotional intelligence theory outlines five components of EQ: self-awareness,

self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. Emotional intelligence can be applied to meet goals
and targets, as well as create a happier and healthier working culture.

 Emotional self-awareness — knowing what one is feeling at any given time and understanding
the impact those moods have on others
 Self-regulation — controlling or redirecting one’s emotions; anticipating consequences before
acting on impulse
 Motivation — utilizing emotional factors to achieve goals, enjoy the learning process and
persevere in the face of obstacles
 Empathy — sensing the emotions of others
 Social skills — managing relationships, inspiring others and inducing desired responses from
them

B. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different
stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire
knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence. 1 Piaget's stages are: Piaget believed that
children take an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform
experiments, make observations, and learn about the world. As kids interact with the world around them,
they continually add new knowledge, build upon existing knowledge, and adapt previously held ideas to
accommodate new information.

 Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years- Children learn about the world through basic actions such
as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening
 Preoperational stage: ages 2 to 7- Children begin to think symbolically and learn to use words
and pictures to represent objects.
 Concrete operational stage: ages 7 to 11- During this stage, children begin to thinking logically
about concrete events
 Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up- t this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to
think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems

C. Bloom was interested in providing a useful practical tool that was congruent with what was understood
about the features of the higher mental processes. Thus, he created Blooms Taxonomy. The framework
elaborated by Bloom and his collaborators consisted of six major categories: Knowledge,
Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. The categories after Knowledge were
presented as “skills and abilities,” with the understanding that knowledge was the necessary precondition
for putting these skills and abilities into practice.

 Knowledge “involves the recall of specifics and universals, the recall of emethods and
processes, or the recall of a pattern, structure, or setting.”

 Comprehension “refers to a type of understanding or apprehension such that the individual

knows what is being communicated and can make use of the material or idea being
communicated without necessarily relating it to other material or seeing its fullest implications.”
 Application refers to the “use of abstractions in particular and concrete situations.”
 Analysis represents the “breakdown of a communication into its constituent elements or parts
such that the relative hierarchy of ideas is made clear and/or the relations between ideas
expressed are made explicit.”
 Synthesis involves the “putting together of elements and parts so as to form a whole.”
 Evaluation engenders “judgments about the value of material and methods for given purposes.”

D. Gardner proposed that there are eight intelligences, and has suggested the possible addition of
a ninth known as "existentialist intelligence. In order to capture the full range of abilities and
talents that people possess, Gardner theorizes that people do not have just an intellectual
capacity, but have many kinds of intelligence, including Naturalist (nature smart)

 Musical (sound smart)
 Logical-mathematical (number/reasoning smart)
 Existential (life smart)
 Interpersonal (people smart)
 Bodily-kinesthetic (body smart)
 Linguistic (word smart)
  Intra-personal (self smart)
 Spatial (picture smart)

131. Applying Confucius’ teachings, how would hiring personnel select the most fit in government positions?
a. By government examinations
b. By accreditation
c. By record evaluation done by an accrediting body
d. By merit system

RATIONALIZATION:

The teachings of Confucius are focused on two interrelated areas: Social Teachings, which deal
with the proper behaviour of the individual in society and to his fellow men, and Political
Teachings, which deal with the art of governance and the proper relationship of the Ruler to the
ruled. He viewed education as central to achieving proper conduct both within Society and in
Government.

a. This is the best answer to the question. Examination are a way of testing a person’s
knowledge governance. It can bring out the best minds and the minds which are filled
with extensive knowledge, research and commitment to work. By having this government
examination would serves as a basis for considering the best candidate for that position
b. maybe we could consider this but it does not fit to the questions about selecting the most fit in
the government position. Because accreditation is just the act of giving official authority or
approval only.
c. c- its just the same with letter b
d. d. a system by which appointments and promotions in the civil service are based on
competence.

132. “Moral example has a greater effect on pupils discipline than laws and codes of punishment” is an advice of teachers from
_________.
a. Confucius c. Lao tzu
b. Mohammed d. Mencius

RATIONALIZATION

A. Confucius' social philosophy was based primarily on the principle of "ren" or "loving
others" while exercising self-discipline. He believed that ren could be put into action using
the Golden Rule, "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others."
c. Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad has been chosen by Allah to give a universal message
to all humanity. The message is that Allah is one and he is the God of all. God is to be
worshipped by all. God is the final judge.
d. He advocated a deep, connective empathy between people as the means to peace and
harmony and claimed that such empathy was possible through recognition of the cosmic force of
the Tao which had created all things, bound all things, moved all things, and finally loosed all
things back into their original state.
B. D.Mencius believed that humans are innately good, but need good education, good outside
influences and good effort to train this goodness, otherwise people become evil. 

133. “The principle of spontaneity against artificiality will make you accomplish something. Leave nature to itself and you will
have harmony” is an active advice from the _____.
a. Hindu c. Shintoist
b. Taoist d. Buddhist

RATIONALIZATION:
 a. Hindus believe in the doctrines of samsara (the continuous cycle of life, death, and
reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and effect). One of the key thoughts
of Hinduism is “atman,” or the belief in soul. This philosophy holds that living creatures
have a soul, and they're all part of the supreme soul.
b. The important Taoist principles are inaction, simplicity and living in harmony with
nature. Taoist philosophical principle rested on a belief in the law of unity of the
two opposite forces: yin and yang.
c. The main belief of Shinto is the belief that kami created human life, which is why it is
considered sacred. Shinto practitioners worship kami that is believed to control natural
forces and can be influenced by prayers. They believe that by purification, we can
achieve divine nature
d. The basic doctrines of early Buddhism, which remain common to all Buddhism, include
the four noble truths: existence is suffering (dukhka); suffering has a cause, namely
craving and attachment (trishna); there is a cessation of suffering, which is nirvana; and
there is a path to the cessation of suffering, the eightfold path of right views, right resolve,
right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right
concentration. Buddhism characteristically describes reality in terms of process and
relation rather than entity or substance.

134. The significance of liberal education in wholistic development of students is supported by _____.
a. Pragmatism
b. Perennialism
c. Confucian teaching
d. Perennialism and Confucian philosophy

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Pragmatism- Pragmatism is an educational philosophy that says that education should be about
life and growth. That is, teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and
encourage them to grow into better people.
b. Perennialism values knowledge that transcends time. This is a subject-centered
philosophy. The goal of a perennialist educator is to teach students to think rationally and
develop minds that can think critically. In liberal education, by interconnecting social
sciences, humanities, physical sciences, business, design, natural sciences, fine &
performing arts, communications management and computational sciences, we equip our
students for an ever-changing new world. Which aims to help them grow as critical
thinkers and lifelong learners, as they lead purposeful lives, rather than just narrow
professions.
c. The main idea of Confucianism is the importance of having a good moral character, which can
then affect the world around that person through the idea of “cosmic harmony.”

135. In the schools, we teach realities that cannot be verified by the senses like an Invisible God or Allah. Whose beliefs does
this practice NEGATE?
a. Empiricists’ c. Skeptics’
b. Rationalists’ d. Stoicists’

RATIONALIZATION:

a. empiricism, in philosophy, the view that all concepts originate in experience, that all concepts
are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs
or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience.
B. a person who bases their opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief
or emotional response.

c. a person who questions or doubts something (such as a claim or statement) : a person who often
questions or doubts things. 

D. the endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint

136. Which practice in our present educational system is in line with Plato’s thought that “nothing learned under compulsion
stays with the mind”?
a. Presentation of standards of performance is the learner
b. Making the teaching-learning process interesting
c. Clarification of school policies and classroom rules on Day 1
d. Involving the learner in the determination of learning goals

RATIONALIZATION:

a. It is good to present standard performance to the learner because this provide a framework for
them to have an effective learning, but learner have different learning style so basically other
learners would be effective for them and some do not so there is no choice for them but o follow
the standard, therefore the learning woulde less effective.
b. When teachers use activities that make learning engaging and fun, students are more
willing to participate and take risks. Having fun while learning also helps students retain
information better because the process is enjoyable and memorable. This is the best
answer among the choices
c. Its good to have rules to regulate the behaviour of the students and have classroom
management inside the classroom but sometimes presenting rules and policies on day 1 of the
class can lead to aggravation and learners would become dogmatic followers.
d. Goal setting helps students to be more aware of the learning that they are expected to
experience. This awareness helps students to be engaged in the learning process. We can
cinsider this as the correct answer but not the best.

137. Which emphasized on non-violence as the path to true peace as discussed in peace education?
a. Taoism c. Buddhism
b. Hinduism d. Shintoism

RATIONALIZATION:

a. The important Taoist principles are inaction, simplicity and living in harmony with nature.

b. Ahimsa is one of the ideals of Hinduism. It means that one should avoid harming any living
thing, and also avoid the desire to harm any living thing. Ahimsa, non-violence, comes from
strength, and the strength is from God, not man. Ahimsa always comes from within.

c. Buddhism is one of the world's largest religions and originated 2,500 years ago in India. Buddhists
believe that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good
behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.

D. The main belief in Shinto is the worship of kami, which are spirits that inhabit the natural world. From
landscapes and forces of nature, to people and animals (both living and dead), all objects are believed to
have kami. Kami, unlike the western concept of gods, are not omnipotent nor perfect.
138. Is a sick teacher, the only one assigned in a remote school, excused from her teaching duty?

a. No, she is the only one assigned in that school

b. Yes, teaching is a demanding job
c. No, she must abide by her contract
d. Yes, she is sick

RATIONALIZATION”:

a. a.The teacher should be excuse from her duty. And the teacher must not be worried because there is a
substitute for her.
b. as a teacher it is your responsibility to give your full potential on imparting effective learning to
your learners and it is true somehow that this job is demanding. But if the teacher is sick, she
must excuse to her duty for the welfare of everyone especially to her learners and collegues.
c. it is up to the teacher wether she will request sick leave. Teacher have rights also.
d. other leave benefits of teachers, such as Study Leave and Indefinite Sick Leave are
covered by Sections 24 and 25 of Republic Act 4670, or the Magna Carta for Public School
Teachers.

139. A wife who loves her husband dearly becomes so jealous that in a moment of savage rage, kills him. Is the wife morally
responsible and why?
a. No necessarily. Antecedent passion may completely destroy freedom and consequently moral responsibility
b. It depends on the case of the wife’s jealousy
c. It depends on the mental health of the wife
d. Yes, she killed her husband simply because of jealousy

Explanation:

Yes the wife should face the truth that killing someone is wrong in certain occasions because it violates the right to life.
Right to life means he right to life means that nobody - including the government - can try to end your life. But we need to
consider the view that there are atleast some justifiable killing just for instance in self defence where no other means of
disarming ones attacker. So in the case mentioned above the wife does not show any valid reason or proof why she is
jealous. And kills her husband violently.

140. When a teacher teaches the idea that it is wrong to think that Filipino lifestyle, products and ideas are inferior to those of
other nationalities, he fights against ______.
a. Acculturation c. Ethnocentrism
b. Xenocentrism d. Culture shock

RATIONALIZATION:

A. a.acculturation- Acculturation can be defined as the 'process of learning and incorporating the
values, beliefs, language, customs and mannerisms of the new country immigrants and their
families are living in, including behaviors that affect health such as dietary habits, activity levels
and substance use. Example The definition of acculturation is the transfer of values and customs
from one group to another. Japanese people dressing in Western clothing is an example of
acculturation.
B. xenocentrism- Xenocentrism is the preference for the cultural practices of other cultures
and societies, such as how they live and what they eat, rather than of one's own social
way of life. A preference for the products, styles, or ideas of a different culture
 C. c.ethnocentrism- "Ethnocentrism" is a commonly used word in circles where ethnicity, inter-ethnic
relations, and similar inter-group issues are of concern. Ethnocentrism is the term
anthropologists use to describe the opinion that one's own way of life is natural or correct. ... An
example of ethnocentrism in culture is the Asian cultures across all the countries of Asia.
Throughout Asia, the way of eating is to use chopsticks with every meal.
D. cultur shock- “Culture shock” is a normal process of adapting to a new culture. It is a time when a
person becomes aware of the differences and/or conflicts in values and customs between their
home culture and the new culture they are in. Common feelings may be anxiety, confusion,
homesickness, and/or anger. Example- There are obvious examples of culture shock such
as getting used to a different language, a different climate, a different transport system and
different food customs.

141. Which can promote national pride among pupils/students?

I. Studying the lives of outstanding Filipinos here and abroad
II. Reading the lives of saints of the Church
III. Studying Philippine history with emphasis on the victories and greatness of the Filipino people
a. I-II-III c. I and II
b. III only d. I only

RATIONALIZATION:

National pride is the positive affect that the public feels towards their country as a renult of their
national identity. All the given statement are indicators of promoting national pride because the
learner studies about the live of filipinos and especially the Philippine history.

142. Why is the exodus of Filipino professionals described as “brain drain”?

I. Those who go abroad are usually the better
II. Filipino professionals serve other countries instead
III. They contribute to nation building through their dollar remittances
a. I-II-III c. II only
b. I only d. I and II

RATIONALIZATION:

Brain Drain is when the skilled workers and professionals of one country migrate to another place
in search of a better life or simply for higher wages.

Since the early seventies the Philippines has been experiencing a —brain drain“ phenomenon
with the migration of highly skilled physicians, teachers, seamen, mechanics, engineers, and
others from the country. ... It is important to set the context of the brain drain phenomenon in the
Philippines.

143. History books used In the schools are replete or supplied with events portraying defeats and weaknesses of the Filipino
people. In the spirit of nationalism, how should you tackle then in the classroom?
a. Present them as they are and tell the class to accept reality
b. Present the facts and express your feelings of regret
c. Present the facts including those people responsible for the failures or for those who contributed
d. Present the facts and use them as means to teach and inspire your class

RATIONALIZATION:
Nationalism is an ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-
state and holds that such obligations outweigh other individual or group interests.

a. not the best answer because it is just stating about portraying defeats and weaknesses of filipino
people telling the learner just to accept fact. Thus, this does not shows nationalism.
b. Same with letter a not the best answer. Instead of expressing your feeling of regret why not just
give some advices or lesson about it so that learners would appreciate it in a positive way.
c. Rather than pointing out those people who are responsible for the failure. Use this fact to impart
effective knowledge to your students and motivate them to have spirit of nationalism.
d. It seems that this is the perfect answer to the question among the choices.

144. What is a demonstration of your authority as a professional teacher?

a. You decide on how to teach a particular lesson
b. You make your pupils run errands for you
c. You absent from class to enjoy your leave even without prior notice
d. You select to teach only those lessons which you have mastered

RATIONALIZATION:

A. As a teacher you have the authority to select the best teaching process inside the
classroom. Because as teacher you all know what is the preferred learning style of your
students.
c. you should act professionally, learners are not servant. Learners go to school to learn not to run
errands for you.
d. very unethical to this, teachers must demonstrate impartiality, integrity, and ethical behavior
e. as a teacher you need to give your full potential to teach and give knowledge to your learners.
Teachers re also responsible shaping a child future. They supply with essential information,
introduce new ideas and topics, and try to expand their interests. So you should not choose only
those topics you have mastered.

145. Which statement on true authority is WRONG?

a. It sets an example.
b. It acts in the best interest of others
c. Its goal is to help, form, and guide others
d. It seeks its own satisfaction and privilege

RATIONALIZATION:

authority is the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.

Letter d is the wrong answer because a person who has the authority is not just thingking
about his/her own satisfaction and privileged instead you set a good example to others.
Listening to the concern of the people around you and choose the best interest of others.

146. My right ends where the rights of others begin. What does this mean?
a. Rights are alienable
b. Rights are inalienable
c. Rights are not absolute
d. Rights are absolute

RATIONALIZATION:
a. That something is alienable only means it can be transferred. That is, it can be sold or given away. ...
That a right is alienable, however, does not entail it can justly be taken or stolen. If I make chairs, for
example, my right over those chairs is entirely alienable: I can sell them or give them away.

b. incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred.

c. So the saying calls attention to personal rights being limited to personal location. A person has
certain rights before the law, but when another person is present, his or her rights must then be
taken into consideration. So right basically not absolute. When we say not absolute it means
partial not permanent

d. An absolute right is a right that cannot be limited or in-fringed under any circumstances, not even
during a declared state of emergency.

147. Should an association of teachers obey a Supreme Court’s decision even it is conflict with its interest and opinions?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Yes, provided they can make a bargain
d. No, as a minority group the have the right to express their rejection

RATIONALIZATION:

because supreme court is the final arbiter( judge) of the law. The Supreme Court plays a very
important role in our constitutional system of government. First, as the highest court in the land, it
is the court of last resort for those looking for justice.

148. If you have a problem with another teacher, the first step towards resolution should be for you to:
a. Ask your fellow teachers to intercede on your behalf
b. Talk directly with the teacher involved
c. Ask your fellow teachers for their suggestions
d. Discuss it with your principal

RATIONALIZATION:

This is the best answer because you can talk and express your feeling towards him/her or hear both perspective and Basically
this could lead to a better solution of the problem.

149. What is ethical for you to do if deep within your heart you do not agree with the school policy on student absences?
a. Understand the policy and support the school in its implementation
b. Be vocal about your feeling and opinion against the policy
c. Argue with your superior to convince him to change the policy
d. Keep your feeling to yourself but make insinuations that you are against it while you teach

RATIONALIZATION:

a. Every day a student is absent is a lost opportunity for learning. Too many absences not only
can affect achievement for the absent student but also can disrupt learning for the entire class.
Base on the question above it is ethical to (A….) because Policies help define rules, regulations,
procedures and protocols for schools. All of these are necessary to help a school run smoothly
and safely and ensure that students receive a quality education.a ccountability. Without these,
schools would lack the structure

b. it is really good to be vocal with your opinion that you are against with the policy but it is not an ethical
to do instead make a letter of complaint about the policy implemented.

c. arguing would make the situation more complicated

d. might affect the teaching process and learning process of the learners

150. Teachers often complain of numerous non-teaching assignments that adversely affect their teaching. Does this mean that
teachers must be pre-occupied only with their teaching?
a. Yes, if they are given other assignments, justice demands that they be properly compensated
b. Yes, because teaching is enough full time job
c. No, because every teacher is expected to provide leadership in activities for the betterment of the communities when
they live and work
d. No, they are also baby sitters especially in the pre-school

RATIONALIZATION:

-teachers have a diverse role within the educational environment so teachers must be flexible in different aspect to address
several responsibilities in school.