Final Report Java
Final Report Java
Speedy and efficient information processing is crucial to our socially and highly developed technology. Computer can help the intolerable burden of handling the ever increasing amount or information with government department, public services and business concerns expected to contain because of their ability to analyze information as well as to retain, update and reproduce it because of their versality to present it in a variety of forms. This may also to some extent lead to problems occurring due to information explosion.
About Project
POST OFFICE works in every walk of our life. Through the automation of this system one can easily generate the information about the customer available and also about the old records. For this efficient software the first and the foremost thing is that all the requirements should be known before hand and the developer should devote its effort for the completion of that requirement which are demanded by the customer should be fulfilled. This system can be used in various education departments and can distribute the copies of the system among the management and staff members for the required information of their customer. This very handy project for any user and includes following features: Having customer information and total amount payable. for the help of user it displays each and every detail about required topics Maintains all the old record for later reference Have provision for automatic update as per the status System must handle user enquiry
Advantages of POST OFFICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:1. This system will improve the performance of the company. 2. It reduces the tedious jobs like reluctant work, long procedures, automated report generation, up to date information. 3. It will improve the Post Office Management, since all the information is available whenever required. 4. It provides quick processing thus helps in transaction and updating in master records can be performed in few records. 5. It allows easy generation of all types of reports. 6. It provides accurate output. 7. It gives fast answer of queries. 8. The amount of paper is reduced. 9. Better security 10. Economical. 11. Better Control.
Introduction
What is java?
Java is a general purpose object oriented programming language . It is the first programming language that is not tied to any particular hardware or operating system .The language is based on the concept of an object. Java is highly derived from C++ . Most striking feature of the language is that it is platform neutral language. There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language: It should use the object-oriented programming methodology. It should allow the same program to be executed on multiple operating systems. It should contain built-in support for using computer networks. It should be designed to execute code from remote sources securely. It should be easy to use and borrow the good parts of older object-oriented languages like C++.
Java tools
In order to write java application or applets ,one need more than a language . The tools that lets one to write , test , debug programs.
Java features
Compiler and Interpreted Platform independent Simple Secure Familiar Portable Object-Oriented Robust Multithreaded High performance Distributed Dynamic
Compiler and Interpreted - There is a java compiler , named javac . The java
compiler takes input source code files (these files typically have the ext.java) and converts them into compiled bytecode files.The java Interpreter known as javac can be used to execute java application .The interpreter translates bytecode directly into program actions.
Platform independent - Java programs can be easily moved from one computer to
another, anywhere and anytime.Changes and upgrades made in operating systems, processors and system resources will not force any changes in java programs.
Simple - Java is designed to be easy for programmer to learn and use efficiently.
Secure- When we use a java compatible web browser, we can safely download java
applets without fear of virus infection. Java achieves this protection by confining a java program to java execution environment and not allowing it access to other parts of the computer.
Familiar- It is modeled on C, C++ languages. Java code looks like C++. Portable- Java compiler generates bytecode instructions that can be implemented on
any machine and also the size of the primitive data types are machine independent.
Robust -It provides many safeguards to ensure reliable code. It has strict compile
time and run time checking for data types. Designed as a garbage-collected language relieving the programmers and also incorpates the concept of exception handling which captures series errors.
Distributed - It has ability to share both data and programs. Java applications can
open and access remote objects on internet which enables multiple programmers at multiple remote locations to collaborate and work together on single project.
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address on the heap). When no references to an object remain, the Java garbage collector automatically deletes the unreachable object, freeing memory and preventing a memory leak. Memory leaks may still occur if a programmer's code holds a reference to an object that is no longer neededin other words, they can still occur but at higher conceptual levels. Comparing Java and C++, it is possible in C++ to implement similar functionality (for example, a memory management model for specific classes can be designed in C++ to improve speed and lower memory fragmentation considerably), with the possibly cost of extra development time and some application complexity. In Java, garbage collection is built in and virtually invisible to the developer. That is, developers may have no notion of when garbage collection will take place as it may not necessarily correlate with any actions being explicitly performed by the code they write. Depending on intended application, this can be beneficial or disadvantageous: the programmer is freed from performing low-level tasks but at the same time lose the option of writing lower level code.
Java Program
Java Compiler
Virtual Machine
Bytecode
Bytecode
Java Interpreter
Machine code
Virtual Machine
Real Machine
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are modeled after real-world objects in that they too have state and behavior. A software object maintains its state in one or more variables. A variable is an item of data named by an identifier. A software object implements its behavior with methods. A method is a function (subroutine) associated with an object. In the Java programming language, an object can specify one of four access levels for each of its variables and methods. A class is a blueprint that defines the variables and the methods common to all objects of a certain kind. After you've created the class, you can create any number of objects from that class. When you create an instance of a class, the system allocates enough memory for the object and all its instance variables. Each instance gets its own copy of all the instance variables defined in the class. Classes can also define class variables. A class variable contains information that is shared by all instances of the class .A class can also declare class methods. You can invoke a class method directly from the class, whereas you must invoke instance methods on a particular instance.
Inheritance - Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the
property of objects of another class. Each subclass inherits state .However, subclasses are not limited to the states and behaviors provided to them by their superclass. Subclasses can add variables and methods to the ones they inherit from the superclass. It supports the concept of hierarchical classification it also provides the use of reusability. .
Polymorphism - This means the ability to take more than one form. An operation
may exhibit different behaviour in different instances. The behaviour depends upon the types of data used in the operation. It plays an important role in allowing objects having different internal structures to share external interface.
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VERSION HISTORY
JDK 1.0(January 23, 1996) Initial release. JDK 1.1(February 19, 1997) - Inner classes added to the language J2SE 1.2(December 8, 1998) Codename Playground. J2SE 5.0 were rebranded Java2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). J2SE 1.3(May 8, 2000) Codename Kestrel. J2SE 1.4(February 6, 2002) Codename Merlin. J2SE 5.0(September 30, 2004) Codename Tiger.(Originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number.[1]) Java SE 6 Codename Mustang. As of 2006 this is currently in development under JSR 270. A beta version was released on February 15, 2006.Beta 2 was released on June 15, 2006 and is available at http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/ea.jsp. The final release is expected autumn 2006. Java SE 7 Codename Dolphin. This is in the early planning stages. The Dolphin Project will start up in late July, with release estimated in 2008.[3]
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Contents
Prerequisites Assumptions Configuring the Microsoft Access ODBC Data Source Running the Demo Application Common Problems
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Prerequisites
An installed and licensed Easysoft JDBC-ODBC Bridge (JOB) server on a supported Windows platform that has Microsoft Office installed. If you have not yet installed the JOB software or you are having problems with the installation, use our Getting Started Guide to help you through the installation.
Assumptions
You accepted the default options during the install. This tutorial was written assuming the demonstration clients were installed on the same Windows machine as the JOB server. You can check to see if you have these installed by choosing Start > Programs > Easysoft > JDBC-ODBC Bridge. From here you should see both an Applet demo and an Application demo.
We have also assumed that you have installed the JOB software as a valid Windows User who has access to the target database.
Left side, Type 4: Direct-to-Database Pure Java Driver This style of driver converts JDBC calls into the network protocol used directly by DBMSs, allowing a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server and providing a practical solution for intranet access. Right side, Type 3: Pure Java Driver for Database Middleware This style of driver translates JDBC calls into the middleware vendor's protocol, which is then translated to a DBMS protocol by a middleware server. The middleware provides connectivity to many different databases.
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The graphic below illustrates JDBC connectivity using ODBC drivers and existing database client libraries.
Left side, Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge plus ODBC Driver This combination provides JDBC access via ODBC drivers. ODBC binary code -- and in many cases, database client code -- must be loaded on each client machine that uses a JDBC-ODBC Bridge. Sun provides a JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, which is appropriate for experimental use and for situations in which no other driver is available. Right side, Type 2: A native API partly Java technology-enabled driver This type of driver converts JDBC calls into calls on the client API for Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2, or other DBMS. Note that, like the bridge driver, this style of driver requires that some binary code be loaded on each client machine.
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Partnering for Progress
Sun worked with an array of companies in the industry to create and rapidly establish the JDBC API as the industry-standard, open interface for Java applications to access databases.
Industry Momentum
Leading database, middleware and tool vendors have been building support for JDBC technology into many new products. This ensures that customers can build portable Java applications while choosing from a wide range of competitive products for the solution best suited to their needs. See the Industry Support page for a list of companies that are shipping products with support for JDBC technology.
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Relating JDBC to ODBC There is a very close relationship between API and JDBC architecture and (open database connectivity) ODBC counterparts. The JDBC ODBC bridge enables you to access databases using ODBC drivers from JDBC . JDBC ODBC bridge effectively translate the JDBC API calls into the corresponding ODBC calls . ODBC drivers are available for almost all types of databases. JDBC can access almost all databases . Because of their common ancestry they share some important components:-
Loads database drivers and manages the connections between the application and the driver Translates API calls into operations for a specific data source A session between an application and a database Information about returned data , database and driver Logical set of columns and rows of data returned by executing a statement
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Driver Manager
Connection
Statement
ResultSet
Driver
Database Database
The JDBC architecture is based on a collection of java interfaces and classes that together enable you to connect to data sources , to create and execute SQL statements and to retrieve and modify data in a database.
Key Features
The JDBC API provides metadata access that enables the development of sophisticated applications that need to understand the underlying facilities and capabilities of a specific database connection.
No Installation
A pure JDBC technology-based driver does not require special installation; it is automatically downloaded as part of the applet that makes the JDBC calls.
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In addition to this important advantage, DataSource objects can provide connection pooling and distributed transactions, essential for enterprise database computing. This functionality is provided transparently to the programmer.
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The AWT package allows you to develop window-like applications. It allows your applications to run on different windowing systems. The classes in AWT package will allow you to: Generate Colors. Draw graphics. Add GUI components like push buttons, scrollbars etc to your applications. Handle user input from mouse and keyboard. Create Containers. Classes like Layout Managers helps in automatically positioning a GUI object when we add it to the container.
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frame and Component frame extends the AWT class Frame. It contains
additional features that enable it to support Swing components. Component extends the AWT component and Container classes. It is the top level class for all components and provides pluggable look and feel. Here are some of the component classes:
CLASS Abstract Button Button Group Image Icon Button CheckBox ComboBox Labels RadioButton ScrollPane TabbedPane TextField Tree
DESCRIPTION Abstract super class for Swing buttons. Encapsulates a mutually exclusive set of buttons. Encapsulates an icon. The push button class. The check box class. Encapsulates a combo box . The version of a label. The version of a radio button. Encapsulates a scrollable window. Encapsulates a tabbed window. The version of Text field. Encapsulates a tree based-control.
Icons Icons are encapsulated by the Image Icon class, which paints an icon from
an image.
Label Labels are the instances of the Label class which extends Component. It
can display text or icon. These are passive controls that do not support any interaction with the user.
Button Button class provides the functionality of a push button. Button allows
an icon of string to be associated with the push button.
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FORMS LAYOUT
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WELCOME WINDOW
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USER-ID
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OPTION WINDOW
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PARCEL FORM
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REGISTRY FORM
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E-CARD FORM
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LIMITATIONS
Although I have tried to do the best and try to do well all the things that are possible in a Payroll System, but still the system contains some of the limitations. The reason of these limitations is the time constraints. Time is the major problem. I have to deliver the project in a particular time period. Thats why I have to leave some topics that actually I want to cover, I am still working on this software and my next goal is to remove these limitations and develop a more efficient and elegant system. Limitations of the system: this project does not support Multi-User System. the information of expenses is not included in this project. After removing these and other minor limitations I hope this project will be very efficient and effective.
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Conclusion
The computer program POST OFFICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM has been designed basically for the government departments, private companies and other institutions. By entering the required data one can easily generate the information about the customer and all the old records as well as other services provided through the system. As provided in the introduction we can do many required works on it but it is not based on a particular post office management system as common idea is taken into consideration while preparing this project so to implement it to any post office it may require some modifications as per the requirements. Still surely it will be provided as a great help to any post office system and will automate his/her work completely motivating them to work more efficiently.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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