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MMW Module 5.2 - Linear Programming & APPLICATIONS

This document discusses linear programming and its applications. It defines linear programming as planning using linear relationships between variables to find optimal solutions given limited resources. There are four key properties: objectives of maximizing or minimizing, constraints cannot be violated, all variables must be greater than or equal to 0, and relationships can be expressed as equations or inequalities. The graphical method is presented to find the feasible region and optimal solutions by graphing the constraints and objective function. Two examples of using linear programming to maximize profit from manufacturing furniture and minimizing fuel costs are provided.

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533 views

MMW Module 5.2 - Linear Programming & APPLICATIONS

This document discusses linear programming and its applications. It defines linear programming as planning using linear relationships between variables to find optimal solutions given limited resources. There are four key properties: objectives of maximizing or minimizing, constraints cannot be violated, all variables must be greater than or equal to 0, and relationships can be expressed as equations or inequalities. The graphical method is presented to find the feasible region and optimal solutions by graphing the constraints and objective function. Two examples of using linear programming to maximize profit from manufacturing furniture and minimizing fuel costs are provided.

Uploaded by

Ghillian Mae Guiang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

MODULE 5.2

I. TOPIC: LINEAR PROGRAMMING & APPLICATION

II. OBJECTIVE(S):

1. Solve applied problems using linear inequalities.


2. Solve linear inequalities using the multiplication property.
3. Know the objective and constraints
4. Apply the linear programming in maximizing profit

III. INTRODUCTION:

In this topic you will learn the basic concept of studying linear programming, that is linear
inequality (one variable linear inequality and two variable linear inequality). Graphing the
inequality helps you to understand the linear programming.

IV. DISCUSSION:

Linear Programming is planning by the use of linear relationships of variables involved. It makes
use of certain mathematical techniques to get the best possible solution to a problem involving
limited resources.

A minimization or maximization problem can be classified as linear programming if it has the


following properties:

1. The objective of the decision maker must be either to maximize or to minimize.


2. The actions of the decision maker must be constrained, and the decision variables must not
violate the limitations or constraints.
3. All variables have a value greater than or equal to 0.
4. The relationship of variables could be expressed in terms of equations or inequalities.

THE GRAPHICAL METHOD

Optimum Solution – is a solution that makes the objective function as large as possible in the case
of maximization process, and as small as possible in the case of minimization process.

Feasible Solution – the set of all points in the graph satisfying the constraints and these are located
in the feasible region.

There are two main parts of a linear program (1) Objective function, (2) Constraint.

Objective Function – is an algebraic expression introduced by the word “maximize” or


“minimize”.

Constraints are introduced by the “subject to”. These algebraic sentences in the constraints are
expressed in equations or inequalities. There are two parts of the constraints: explicit and implicit.
• Explicit constraints are conditions of the problems that are to be expressed in
mathematical sentences.
• Implicit constraints are those that are implied.

Below are the steps to follow in using the graphical method:


A. Represent the unknown in the problem.
B. Tabulate the data about the unknown (if necessary)
C. Formulate the objective function and constraints.
D. Graph the constraints, and always solve for the coordinates at the point of intersection of
lines.
E. Substitute the coordinates at the vertices of the feasible region in the objective function.
F. Formulate your decision by selecting the highest value of the objective if it is maximization
and the lowest value if it is minimization.

Example 1:
The Margan Furniture makes two products: tables and chairs, which must be processed through
assembly and finishing departments. Assembly department is available for 60 hours in every
production period, while the finishing department is available for 48 hours of work.
Manufacturing one table requires 4 hours in the assembly and 2 hours in the finishing. Each chair
requires 2 hours in the assembly and 4 hours in the finishing. One table contributes P180 to profit,
while a chair contributes P100. The problem is to determine the number of tables and chairs to
make per production period in order to maximize the profit.

Solution:

I. Decision Variables
Let x be the number of pieces of tables
y be the number of pieces of chairs
Example 2:
A small generator burns two types of fuel: low sulfur and high sulfur to produce electricity. For
one hour, each gallon of low sulfur emits 3 units of sulfur dioxide, generates 4 kilowatts of
electricity and cost P160. Each gallon of high sulfur emits 5 unit of sulfur dioxide, generates 4
kilowatts and cost P150. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) insists that the maximum
amount of sulfur dioxide that can be emitted per hour is 15 units. Suppose at least 16 kilowatts
must be generated per hour, how many gallons of high sulfur and low sulfur must be utilized per
hour in order to minimize the cost of fuel?
V. ENRICHMENT VIDEOS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzzqx1F23a8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6B-ldjR-WsY

VI. REFERENCES

https://www.whitman.edu/Documents/Academics/Mathematics/lewis.pdf
https://www.usna.edu/Users/weaprcon/avramov/_files/documents/compressed-sensing-
tutorial/LP.pdf
https://web.williams.edu/Mathematics/sjmiller/public_html/BrownClasses/54/handouts/LinearPr
ogramming.pdf
Mathematics in the Modern World – Adamson University Textbook

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