1

1. Define the terms, computers and computer-based

information systems.
2. Differentiate among laptops, tablets, desktops, and servers
3. Describe the relationship between data and information
4. Explain input, processing, output, storage and
communications devices
5. Differentiate between system softwares and application
softwares
6. Differentiate the web from the Internet, and describe the
relationship among the web, webpages, websites, and web
servers

2
7. Identify reasons individuals and businesses use networks
8. Discuss how society uses technology in education,
government, finance, retail, entertainment, health care,
science, travel, publishing, and manufacturing
9. Identify technology used by home users, small/home
office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise
users
10. Briefly describe digital security risks associated with
viruses and other malware, privacy, your health, and the
environment

3
• Because technology
changes, you must keep
up with the changes to
remain digitally literate
• Digital literacy involves
having a current
knowledge and
understanding of
computers, mobile
devices, the web, and
related technologies

4
• A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory, that can accept data (input),
process the data according to specified rules,
produce information (output), and store the
information for future use.

Accepts Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

5
• Laptop (notebook)
• Tablet
• Desktop and All-in-One
• Server

6
• A personal computer (PC) is a computer that
can perform all of its input, processing, output,
and storage activities by itself and is intended
to be used by one person at a time. Most
personal computers today also can
communicate with other computers and
devices.
– A mobile computer is a portable personal
computer, designed so that a user can carry it from
place to place.
7
 Mobile and Game Devices
• A mobile device is a
Smartphone
computing device small
enough to hold in your hand.
• The mobile devices can be Digital camera
categorized as computers
because they Portable and digital media player
– operate under the control of
instructions stored in their own E-book reader
memory
– can accept data, process the
data according to specified Wearable device
rules, produce or display
information, and store the
Game device
information for future use

8
• A network is a collection of computers and
devices connected together.
• A server is a computer dedicated to providing
one or more services to other computers or
devices on a network.
– Services provided by servers include storing
content and controlling access to hardware,
software, and other resources on a network.

9
• Computers contain many
electric, electronic, and
mechanical components
known as hardware.
• Electronic components in
computers process data
using instructions, which are
the steps that tell the
computer how to perform a
particular task. A collection of
related instructions organized
for a common purpose is
referred to as software or a
program.
10
• Data is a collection of unprocessed items,
which can include text, numbers, images,
audio, and video.
• Information is processed data; that is, it is
organized, meaningful, and useful.
• A database is a collection of data organized in
a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use
of that data.

11
 IT

• An computer-based
information system
is a collection of
hardware, software,
networks,
databases, people,
and procedures that
work together to
produce
information.

12
13
14
• An input device is any hardware
component that allows you to
enter data and instructions into a
computer or mobile device.
• A keyboard contains keys you press
to enter data and instructions into a
computer or mobile device

15
• A pointing device is an input
device that allows a user to
control a small symbol on
the screen called the
pointer
• Some mobile devices and
computers enable you to
speak data instructions
using voice input and to
capture live full-motion
images using video input

16
• A scanner is a light-
sensing input device
that converts printed
text and images into
a form the computer
can process

17
• System unit (or
chassis), refers to
the case that
contains and
protects the
processor (CPU),
memory (RAM)
and other
electronic
components.

18
• An output device is any hardware component
that conveys information from a computer or
mobile device to one or more people
• A printer is an output device that produces text
and graphics on a physical medium, such as
paper or other material
– A 3-D printer can print solid objects, such as
clothing, prosthetics, eyewear, implants, toys,
parts, prototypes, and more

19
20
• A display is an output device that visually
conveys text, graphics, and video information

21
• Speakers allow you to hear audio such as
music, voice, and other sounds
– Earbuds
– Headphones

22
Memory consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed by
those instructions

A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on

storage media

A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads)

items to and from storage media

23
 Hard Disk Solid-State USB Flash
Drive Drive

Memory Card Optical Disc Cloud Storage

24
• A communications
device is any type
of hardware
capable of
transmitting data,
instructions, and
information
between a sending
device and a
receiving device

25
• A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together via communications devices
(such as modems, wireless access points, routers)
and transmission media (wired or wireless)

26
• Transmission media (or communications channel)
carries one or more communications signals

27
Home Networks Business Networks
• Connect to the Internet • Facilitate communications
• Share a single high-speed • Share hardware
Internet connection • Share data, information, and
• Access photos, music, videos, software
and other content
• Share devices
• Play multiplayer games
• Connect game consoles to the
Internet
• Subscribe to and use VoIP
• Interact with other devices in a
smart home

28
• In the course of a day, it is likely you use, or
use information generated by, one or more of
these communications technologies
Chat rooms Email Fax FTP GPS

Instant
Internet Newsgroups RSS Videoconference
messaging

Wireless
Wireless Internet
Voice mail VoIP messaging
access points
services

29
30
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer
networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals

31
The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a global library of
information available to anyone connected to the Internet

The web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic

documents, each of which is called a webpage

A website is a collection of related webpages

A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages

to your computer

32
33
• A browser is software that enables users with an
Internet connection to access and view webpages on
a computer or mobile device

34
People access the web to • Access news, weather, and
accomplish the following types sports
of online tasks: • Participate in online training
• Search for information • Shop for goods and
• Conduct research services
• Play games with others
• Communicate with and
meet other people • Download or listen to music
• Watch videos
• Share information, photos,
and videos with others • Download or read books
• Make reservations
• …

35
• A search engine is software that finds
websites, webpages, images, videos, news,
maps, and other information related to a
specific topic

36
• An online social network encourages members
to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos,
music, and videos with other registered users

37
• Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Tools

Applications (Apps)

38
• System software consists of the programs that control
or maintain the operations of the computer and its
devices.
– An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates
all the activities among computer or mobile device
hardware.
– Tools, enable you to perform maintenance-type
tasks usually related to managing devices, media, and
programs used by computers and mobile devices.
• An application (or app for short) consists of programs
designed to make users more productive and/or assist
them with personal tasks.

39
40
Applications include programs stored on a
computer, as well as those on a mobile device or
delivered to your device over the Internet.
• A desktop app is an application stored on a
computer.
• A web app is an application stored on a web
server that you access through a browser.
• A mobile app is an application you download from
a mobile device’s app store or other location
on the Internet to a smartphone or other mobile
device.
41
• Installing a program is the process of setting
up the program to work with the computer,
mobile device, printer, and/or other hardware
• Once installed, you can run a program so that
you can interact with it
• You interact with a program through its user
interface

42
• A software developer,
sometimes called a
developer or
programmer, is
someone who develops
programs and apps or
writes the instructions
that direct the
computer or mobile
device to process data
into information

43
 Education Government Finance Retail

Entertainment Health Care Science Travel

Publishing Manufacturing

44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

54
A user is anyone who interacts with a computer or
mobile device, or utilizes the information it generates.

Home User Small/Home Mobile User

Office User

Power User Enterprise

User
55
1. A home user is any person who spends time
using technology at home. Parents, children,
teenagers, grandparents, singles, couples,
etc., are all examples of home users.
2. A small/home office user includes employees
of companies with fewer than 50 employees,
as well as the self-employed who work from
home. Small offices include local law
practices, accounting offices, travel agencies,
and florists.

56
3. A power user is a user who requires the
capabilities of a powerful computer. Examples of
power users include engineers, scientists,
architects, desktop publishers, and graphic
artists.
4. An enterprise has hundreds or thousands of
employees or customers who work in or do
business with offices across a region, the
country, or the world. Each employee or
customer who uses computers, mobile devices,
and other technology in the enterprise is an
enterprise user.

57
5. A mobile user includes any person who works
with computers or mobile devices while away
from a main office, home, or school.
Examples of mobile users are sales
representatives, real estate agents, insurance
agents, meter readers, package delivery
people, journalists, consultants, and students.

58
59
60
61
• It is important that users protect their
computers and mobile devices

Malware Privacy

Health Environmental
Concerns Issues

62
• Malware, short for
malicious software,
is software that acts
without a user’s
knowledge and
deliberately alters
the computer’s or
mobile device’s
operations.

63
• Information privacy refers to the right of
individuals and companies to deny or restrict
the collection, use, and dissemination of
information about them.

64
65
• Health Concerns
– Prolonged or improper computer and mobile
device use can lead to injuries or disorders of
the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, and back.
– With the growing use of earbuds and headphones,
some users are experiencing hearing loss.
– Behavioral health risks:
• Technology addiction
• Technology overload

66
• Environmental Issues
– Manufacturing processes for computers and mobile
devices along with e-waste, or discarded computers and
mobile devices, are depleting natural resources and
polluting the environment.
– Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when using
a computer. Strategies include:
• Recycling
• Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features
• Regulating manufacturing processes
• Extending the life of computers
• Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

67
• Basic computer concepts
• Various methods for input, processing, output,
storage and communications
• System softwares vs application softwares
• Network, Internet and Web
• Uses of technology applications in society
• Digital safety and security

68