Creative

Technologies
Number Systems

3
rd
Quarter
Week 1
 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)
Name of Learner: ______________________________ Grade &Section: ______________
Date: ______________

I. Learning Competency with Code

Recognize different number systems and their uses

SSP_TLE-CT9NSE -IIa-1.1

a. Identifying different number systems.

b. Compare decimal and binary number systems.

II. Background Information for Learners

A number system defines a set of values used to represent quantity. We talk about the number
of people attending class, the number of modules taken per student, and also use numbers to represent
grades achieved by students in tests.

Quantifying values and items in relation to each other is helpful for us to make sense of our
environment. We do this at an early age; figuring out if we have more toys to play with, more presents,
more lollies and so on.

The study of number systems is not just limited to computers. We apply numbers every day
and knowing how numbers work will give us an insight into how a computer manipulates and stores
numbers.

Mankind through the ages has used signs or symbols to represent numbers. The early forms
were straight lines or groups of lines, much like as depicted in the film Robinson Crusoe, where a
group of six vertical lines with a diagonal line across represented one week.

It’s difficult representing large or very small numbers using such a graphical approach. As early
as 3400BC in Egypt and 3000BC in Mesopotamia, they developed a symbol to represent the unit 10.
This was a major advance because it reduced the number of symbols required. For instance, 12 could
be represented as 10 and two units (three symbols instead of 12 that was required previously).

The Romans devised a number system which could represent all the numbers from 1 to 1,000,000
using only seven symbols

• I=1
• V=5
• X = 10
• L = 50
• C = 100
• D = 500
• M = 1000

A small bar placed above a symbol indicates the number is multiplied by 1000.
 The number system in most common use today is the Arabic system. It was first developed by
the Hindus and was used as early as the 3rd century BC. The introduction of the symbol 0, used to
indicate the positional value of digits was very important. We thus became familiar with the concept
of groups of units, tens of units, hundreds of units, thousands of units and so on.

In number systems, its often helpful to think of recurring sets, where a set of values is
repeated.

Considering the decimal number system, it has a set of values which range from 0 to 9. This
basic set is repeated over and over, creating large numbers.

Note how the set of values 0 to 9 is repeated, and for each repeat, the column to the left is
incremented (from 0 to 1, then 2).

Each increase in value occurs, till the value of the largest number in the set is reached (9), at
which stage the next value is the smallest in the set (0) and a new value is generated in the left column
(ie, the next value after 9 is 10).

09, 10 - 19, 20 - 29, 30 -39 etc

We always write the digit with the largest value on the left of the number

Base Values
The base value of a number system is the number of different values the set has before repeating
itself. For example, decimal has a base of ten values, 0 to 9.

• Binary = 2 (0, 1)
• Octal = 8 (0 - 7)
• Decimal = 10 (0 - 9)
• Duodecimal = 12 (used for some purposes by the Romans)
• Hexadecimal = 16 (0 - 9, A-F)

Weighting Factor

The weighting factor is the multiplier value applied to each column position of the number. For
instance, decimal has a weighting factor of TEN, in that each column to the left indicates a
multiplication value increase of 10 over the previous column on the right, ie; each column move to the
left increases in a multiply factor of 10.

200 =
----- 0 * 100 = 0 * 1 = 0
------ 0 * 101 = 0 * 10 = 0
------- 2 * 102 = 2 * 100 = 200
-----
200 (adding these up)
-----

Let’s consider another example of 312 decimal.

312 =
----- 2 * 100 = 2 * 1 = 2
------ 1 * 101 = 1 * 10 = 10
------- 3 * 102 = 3 * 100 = 300
-----
312 (adding these up)
-----
Decimal Number System [Base-10]
This number system uses TEN different symbols to represent values. The set values used in
decimal are
0123456789
with 0 having the least value and nine having the greatest value. The digit or column on the left has
the greatest value, whilst the digit on the right has the least value.
When doing a calculation, if the highest digit (9) is exceeded, a carry occurs which is transferred to
the next column (to the left).

Example of addition and exceeding the base set range

8+4
8
9 +1
10 +2 Note 1:
11 +3
12 +4

Note1: When 9 is exceeded, we go back to the beginning of the set (0),

and carry a value of 1 over to the next column on the left.

Another example of addition and exceeding the base set range

198 + 4
198
199 +1
200 +2 Note 2:
 201 +3
202 +4

Note2: When 9 is exceeded, we go back to the beginning of the set (0),

and carry a value of 1 over to the next column on the left. Thus the
middle column (9) has 1 added to it, the next value in the set is 0, and
we carry 1 (because the set was exceeded) to the next left column. Adding
the carry value of 1 to 1 in the left most column gives.

Positional Values [Units, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands etc Columns]

We probably got taught at school about positional values, in that columns represent powers of
10. This is expressed to us as columns of ones (0 - 9), tens (groups of 10), hundreds (groups of 100)
and so on.

237 = (2 groups of 100) + (3 groups of 10) + (7 groups of 1)

= (100 + 100) + (10 + 10 + 10) + (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1)
= (200) + (30) + (7)
= 237

Each column move to the left is 10 times the previous value.

Binary Number System [Base-2]

The binary number system uses TWO values to represent numbers. The values are,

• 0
• 1

with 0 having the least value, and 1 having the greatest value. Columns are used in the same way as
in the decimal system, in that the left most column is used to represent the greatest value.

As we have seen in the decimal system, the values in the set (0 and 1) repeat, in both the vertical and
horizontal directions.

0
1
10 Note: goto value lowest in set, carry to left
11
100 Note: goto value lowest in set, carry to left
101
110 Note: goto value lowest in set, carry to left
111

In a computer, a binary variable capable of storing a binary value (0 or 1) is called a BIT.

In the decimal system, columns represented multiplication values of 10. That was because
there were 10 values (0 - 9) in the set. In this binary system, there are only two values (0 - 1) in the
set, so columns represent multiplication values of 2.
 1011 =
---- 1 * 20 = 1
----- 1 * 21 = 2
------ 0 * 22 = 0
------- 1 * 23 = 8
----
11 (in decimal)

Number Ranges in Binary Using A Specified Number of Bits

How many different values can be represented by a specific number of bits?

n
number of different values = 2
n
where is the number of bits
Example:
28
= 256 different values

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

http://www6.uniovi.es/datas/numbers.htm

IV. Activity Proper

1. Exercises / Activities

A. TRUE or FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct. Write false if otherwise.

1. A number system defines a set of values used to represent quantity.

2. The Romans devised a number system which could represent all the numbers from 1 to
1,000,000 using only ten symbols
3. The base value of a number system is the number of different values the set has before
repeating itself.
4. The weighting factor is the multiplier value applied to each column position of the number.
5. Decimal has a weighting factor of ten.
6. The set of values used in decimal are 0 and 1.
7. In decimal number system, the digit or column on the left has the greatest value, whilst the digit
on the right has the least value.
8. In binary number system, there are only 4 values being used.
9. In a computer, a binary variable capable of storing a binary value (0 or 1) is called a BIT.
10. In binary number system, the set of values used are 0 and 1.
Creative
Technologies
Number Systems

3
rd
Quarter
Week 2
 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)
Name of Learner: ______________________________ Grade &Section: ______________
Date: ______________
I. Learning Competency with Code

Recognize different number systems and their uses

Convert numerical data between each number system
SSP_TLE-CT9NSE -IIa-1.2
SSP_TLE-CT9NSE -IIa-1.3

a. Differentiate the relationships between number systems used in digital electronics

b. Convert decimal number system to binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems.

II. Background Information for Learners

Types of Number Systems The table is shown below the decimal, binary,
octal, and hexadecimal numbers from 0 to 15
Some of the important types of number system are and their equivalent binary number.
1. Decimal Number System
2. Binary Number System Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal
3. Octal Number System 0 0000 0 0
4. Hexadecimal Number System 1 0001 1 1
From our previous lesson we learned that …
2 0010 2 2
1. Decimal Number Systems 3 0011 3 3
4 0100 4 4
5 0101 5 5
The number system is having digit 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9; this number system is known as a decimal 6 0110 6 6
number system because total ten digits are involved. 7 0111 7 7
The base of the decimal number system is 10. 8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
2. Binary Number Systems 10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
The modern computers do not process decimal 12 1100 14 C
number; they work with another number system 13 1101 15 D
known as a binary number system which uses only 14 1110 16 E
two digits 0 and1.The base of binary number system 15 1111 17 F
is 2 because it has only two digit 0 and 1. The digital
electronic equipment works on the binary number
system and hence the decimal number system is
converted into binary system.
3. Octal Numbers

The base of a number system is equal to the number of digits used, i.e., for decimal number system the
base is ten while for the binary system the base is two. The octal system has the base of eight as it uses
eight digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

All these digits from 0 to 7 have the same physical meaning as by decimal symbols, the next digit in
the octal number is represented by 10, 11, 12, which are equivalent to decimal digits 8, 9, 10
respectively. In this way, the octal number 20 will represent the decimal digit and subsequently, 21,
22, 23.. Octal numbers will represent the decimal number digit 17, 18, 19… etc. and so on.

The major disadvantage of the octal number system is that the computer doesn’t understand the octal
number system. So the additional circuit is required for the digital systems which convert the octal
number to binary number. The octal number system is used in a minicomputer.

Octal to Decimal Conversion

In octal number system, each digit position has the weight eight regarding power eight shown in the
figure below.

Example – Consider the octal number 354.42 into its equivalent decimal number. The integer part
354 converts to octal shown below.

And the fractional parts 0.42 converts to octal

The decimal number system is 236.53125.

Decimal to Octal Number Conversion

For converting the decimal number into an octal number, the octal dabble method is used. In the octal
double method, the integer octal number is divided by the digit 8. And for converting the fractional
decimal number into an octal number, it is multiplied by the digit 8 and record the carry. When these
carries read down, it gives the fractional octal number.
Example: Consider the conversion of the decimal number 236.53. The conversion of integer part is
shown below.

236 And the fraction part

Thus, the octal number is 354.4172.

4. Hexadecimal Numbers

These numbers are used extensively in microprocessor work. The hexadecimal number system has a
base of 16, and hence it consists of the following sixteen number of digits.

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.

The size of the hexadecimal is much shorter than the binary number which makes them easy to write
and remember. Let 0000 to 000F representing hexadecimal numbers from zero to fifteen, then 0010,
0011, 0012, …etc. Will represent sixteen, seventeen, eighteen… etc. till 001F which represent thirty
open and so on.

Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion Method

The base of the hexadecimal number system is 16, therefore the weights corresponding to various
positions of the digits will be as shown below.

For instance, consider the conversion of hexadecimal number E8F6.27 into its equivalent binary
decimal number
Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Method

The conversion of the given decimal number into hexadecimal number requires the application
of hex-dabble method which is similar to the double-dabble method with the exception that one has
to divide the given number by 16 instead of 2.

Consider the conversion of the decimal number 3479 into its hexadecimal equivalent number.

The third reminder 13 is equivalent to D in a hexadecimal number system. Thus, the equivalent
hexadecimal number D97

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

https://circuitglobe.com/number-system-in-digital-electronics.html

IV. Activity Proper

1. Exercises / Activities

A. Covert the following numbers in decimal to binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers by completing
the table below.

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31