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CS3251 (UNIT 4) NOTES EduEngg

The document discusses unions in C programming. It defines a union as a user-defined data type that allows storing different data types in the same memory location, with only one member containing a value at a time. It provides a syntax example and demonstrates defining a union called Data that can store an integer, float, or string. It also shows how to access union members using the dot operator or pointers.

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553 views

CS3251 (UNIT 4) NOTES EduEngg

The document discusses unions in C programming. It defines a union as a user-defined data type that allows storing different data types in the same memory location, with only one member containing a value at a time. It provides a syntax example and demonstrates defining a union called Data that can store an integer, float, or string. It also shows how to access union members using the dot operator or pointers.

Uploaded by

Aravind Samy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Union
Union can be defined as a user-defined data type which is a collection of different
variables of different data types in the same memory location. The union can also be defined as
many members, but only one member can contain a value at a particular point in time.
Union is a user-defined data type, but unlike structures, they share the same memory
location.
Syntax
union union name
{
member definition;
member definition;
...
member definition;
} [one or more union variables];
Example

union Data
{
int i;
float f;
char str[20];
} data;

Now, a variable of Data type can store an integer, a floating-point number, or a string of
characters. It means a single variable, i.e., same memory location, can be used to store multiple
types of data. You can use any built-in or user defined data types inside a union based on your
requirement.
Accessing Union Members
To access any member of a union, we use the member access operator (.). The member access
operator is coded as a period between the union variable name and the union member that we
wish to access

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

union Data {
int i;
float f;
char str[20];
};

int main( ) {

union Data data;

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data.i = 10;
data.f = 220.5;
strcpy( data.str, "C Programming");

printf( "data.i : %d\n", data.i);


printf( "data.f : %f\n", data.f);
printf( "data.str : %s\n", data.str);

return 0;
}

Output :
data.i : 10
data.f : 220.500000
data.str : C Programming

Accessing members of union using pointers


We can access the members of the union through pointers by using the (->) arrow operator.

#include <stdio.h>
union abc
{
int a;
char b;
};
int main()
{
union abc *ptr; // pointer variable declaration
union abc var;
var.a= 90;
ptr = &var;
printf("The value of a is : %d", ptr->a);
return 0;
}

Output : 90

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