DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

11/
DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY
San Ignacio St., Poblacion, City of San Jose del Monte 3023 12

LEARNING
ACTIVITY SHEETS
(LAS)
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Quarter 3 – Module : 1
FLOWCHART AND ALGORITHM
(TLE_ICTP.NET 11-12URT-Ie-17,
TLE_ICTP.NET 11-12MCT-Id-15)
Pretest
Directions: Convert the following base on what is needed. Write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1.
a. Input/output b. start/stop c. process d. decision

2.
a. Input/output b. start/stop c. process d. decision

3.
a. Input/output b. start/stop c. process d. decision

4.
a. Input/output b. arrow c. process d. on-page connector

5.
a. Input/output b. arrow c. process d. on-page connector

6.
a. Input/output b. arrow c. process d. process

7.
b. Input/output b. arrow c. process d. off-page
connector
8.The finite set of steps that must be followed to solve any problem.
a. Flowchart b. Algorithm c. Pseudo Code d. Programming
9.The process of illustrating workflows and data flows in a system through symbols
and diagrams.
a. Flowchart b. Algorithm c. Pseudo Code d. Programming
10. The language similar to the programming language to be used.
a. Flowchart b. Algorithm c. Pseudo Code d. Programming

11. It act as blueprints for actual program coding.

a. Flowchart b. Algorithm c. Pseudo Code d. Programming

12. DFD stands for?

 a. Direct Flow Data c. Data Flow Diagram
b. Data Flow Diaphram d. Digital Flowing Diagram
13. It is used for denoting program inputs and outputs.
a. Input/output b. start/stop c. process d. decision
14.Stands for decision statements in a program, where
answer is usually Yes or No.
a. Input/output b. start/stop c. process d. decision
15. Indicates processes like mathematical operations.
b. Input/output b. start/stop c. process d. decision

Objectives
This module will help you to:

a. identify mathematical tools and techniques to solve problems,

b. apply mathematical procedure/ solution.; and
c. analyze results.

Key Concepts
Flowcharting
Flowcharting is the process of illustrating workflows and data flows in a system through
symbols and diagrams. It is an important tool to assist the system analyst in identifying a
solution to the problem. It depicts the components of the system visually.
These are the advantages of flowcharting:
• Visual representation helps in understanding program logic
• They act as blueprints for actual program coding
• Flowcharts are important for program documentation
• Flowcharts are an important aid during program maintenance
These are the disadvantages of flowcharting:
• Complex logic cannot be depicted using flowcharts
• In case of any change in logic or data/work flow, flowchart has to be redrawn
completely

Data Flow Diagram

Data flow diagram or DFD is a graphical representation of data flow through a system
or sub-system. Each process has its own data flow and there are levels of data flow
diagrams.

Pseudocode
After the system is designed, it is handed over to the project manager for
implementation, i.e. coding. The actual coding of a program is done in a programming
language, which can be understood only by programmers who are trained in that
language. However, before the actual coding occurs, the basic operating principles,
work flows, and data flows of the program are written using a notation similar to the
programming language to be used. Such a notation is called pseudocode.
Here is an example of a pseudocode in C++. The programmer just needs to translate
each statement into C++ syntax to get the program code.
Identifying Mathematical Operations
All instructions to the computer are finally implemented as arithmetic and logical
operations at machine level. These operations are important because they −

• Occupy memory space

• Take time in execution
• Determine software efficiency
• Affect overall software performance
System analysts try to identify all major mathematical operations while identifying the
unique solution to problem at hand.
A finite set of steps that must be followed to solve any problem is called an algorithm.
Algorithm is generally developed before the actual coding is done. It is written using
English like language so that it is easily understandable even by non-programmers.
Sometimes algorithms are written using pseudocodes, i.e. a language similar to the
programming language to be used. Writing algorithm for solving a problem offers
these advantages −
• Promotes effective communication between team members
• Enables analysis of problem at hand
• Acts as blueprint for coding
• Assists in debugging
• Becomes part of software documentation for future reference during
maintenance phase
These are the characteristics of a good and correct algorithm −
• Has a set of inputs
• Steps are uniquely defined
• Has finite number of steps
• Produces desired output
Example Algorithms
Let us first take an example of a real-life situation for creating algorithm. Here is the
algorithm for going to the market to purchase a pen.

Step 4 in this algorithm is in itself a complete task and separate algorithm can be written for
it. Let us now create an algorithm to check whether a number is positive or negative.

Flowchart Elements

Flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of sequence of logical steps of a

program.

Flowcharts use simple geometric shapes to depict processes and arrows to show
relationships and process/data flow.
Flowchart Symbols

Here is a chart for some of the common symbols used in drawing flowcharts.

Symbol Symbol Name Purpose

Used at the beginning and end of the
Start/Stop algorithm to
show start and end of the program.

Indicates processes like mathematical

Process
operations.

Used for denoting program inputs and

Input/ Output
outputs.

Stands for decision statements in a

Decision program, where
answer is usually Yes or No.

Shows relationships between different

Arrow
shapes.

Connects two or more parts of a

On-page
flowchart, which
Connector
are on the same page.

Connects two parts of a flowchart which

Off-page
are spread
Connector
over different pages.

These are some points to keep in mind while developing a flowchart

✓ Flowchart can have only one start and one stop symbol
✓ On-page connectors are referenced using numbers
✓ Off-page connectors are referenced using alphabets.
✓ General flow of processes is top to bottom or left to right.
✓ Arrows should not cross each other.
Example Flowcharts
Here is the flowchart for going to the market to purchase a pen.

Here is a flowchart to calculate the average of two numbers.

Activity 1

Direction: Analyze and create an Algorithm of this problem. Use separate sheet for
your answer.
1. ______________________
• PROBLEM 2. ______________________
Create an Algorithm which PRINT and CALCULATE the
SUM of three numbers 3. ______________________

4. ______________________

5. ______________________

6. ______________________

7. ______________________

8. ______________________

9. ______________________

10. ______________________

Activity 2
Direction: Using the Algorithm you did in activity 1, create a FLOWCHART. Write in
separate sheet of paper.

EXAMPLE OF FLOWCHART
Activity 3
Direction: Using the FLOWCHART you did in activity 2, create a PSEUDO CODE. Write
in separate sheet of paper.

EXAMPLE OF PSEUDO CODE

Posttest
Direction: Name and define the following shape. Draw and write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. 4.

5.

2.
6.

3. 7.
 1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. A
14. D
15. C
Answer Key to Pretest
References
"Writing the Algorithm." RxJS, Ggplot2, Python Data Persistence, Caffe2, PyBrain, Python Data
Access, H2O, Colab, Theano, Flutter, KNime, Mean.js, Weka, Solidity. Accessed February 18, 2021.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/programming_methodologies/programming_methodologies_writin
g_the_algorithm.htm.

"Flowchart Elements." RxJS, Ggplot2, Python Data Persistence, Caffe2, PyBrain, Python Data Access,
H2O, Colab, Theano, Flutter, KNime, Mean.js, Weka, Solidity. Accessed February 18, 2021.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/programming_methodologies/programming_methodologies_flowc
hart_elements.htm.
Prepared:
Teacher-Developer: SHELAINE R. PACIENTE

Checked:
TLE Coordinator/ MT/ HT:

LR Coordinator:

Language Evaluator:

Noted:

School Head:

REMINDERS

1. Use multiple choice question for pretest and posttest

a. 15 items for grade 7 to grade 12 (4 options)
b. 10 items for grade 4 to grade 6 (4 options)
c. 5 items to kindergarten to grade 3 (3 options)

2. Use locally developed template and observe proper spacing.

3. Follow guidelines in writing multiple choice questions and other assessments.

4. Give title for each activity.

5. Give clear direction so that learners can comprehend and answer the activities or
assessment accordingly.

6. Instead of using italics, use boldface for borrowed word/s once.

7. Follow rules of using common and proper nouns.